saej1356v002

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.Copyright©2002SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)Tel:724-776-4970(outsideUSA)Fax:724-776-0790Email:custsvc@sae.orgSAEWEBADDRESS:http://www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1356REAF.AUG2002Issued1988-02Reaffirmed2002-08SupersedingJ1356FEB1988MinimumPerformanceCriteriaforFallingObjectGuardsforExcavatorsForeword—ThisReaffirmedDocumenthasnotchangedotherthantoputitintothenewSAETechnicalStandardsBoardFormat.Section1isScope,1.1isPurpose,andSection2isReferences.Alsosomeofthereferenceshavebeenupdated.Somehavebeencancelledandreplacedwiththenewreference.1.Scope1.1ThisSAERecommendedPracticeappliesonlytoexcavators,asdefinedinSAEJ/ISO6165,workingaboveground,nearanexcavatedorfreestandingbankorminefacewhichishigherthanthetopofthecab,orindemolitionapplicationsoffreestandingbuildingsorobjectshigherthanthetopofthecab.1.2TheevaluationsareforresistancetopenetrationofguardstothepointofinfringementoftheDeflectionLimitingVolume(DLV,seeSAEJ397).Theperformancerequirementsofarepresentativespecimen(thatis,withinthemanufacturer'sspecifications),arebasedontheperformanceofprovenstructuresunderlaboratoryevaluationprocedures.1.3Theareasprotectedincludethetopoftheoperatorstation(TopGuard),forprotectionfromfallingobjects,andthefrontoftheoperatorstation(FrontGuard),forprotectionfromobjectswhichapproachthefrontofthecab.1.4Althoughfallingobjectguardsmeetingthefollowingcriteriamaynotgivecrushprotectionunderallconceivablecircumstancesinwhichthemachinecouldbestruckfromaboveorthefront,itisexpectedthatcrushprotectionwillbeensuredunderatleasttheloadingconditionspecifiedinthetestslistedinSection5.1.5Purpose—Thisdocumentestablishesaconsistent,repeatabletestprocedureandperformancerequirementsforevaluatingguardsintendedtoprovideexcavatoroperatorswithreasonableprotectionfromfallingobjectssuchasrocks.2.References2.1ApplicablePublications—Thefollowingpublicationsformapartofthespecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwiseindicated,thelatestissueofSAEpublicationsshallapply.2.1.1SAEPublications—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001.SAEJ397—DeflectionLimitingVolume—ProtectiveStructuresLaboratoryEvaluationSAEJ1119—SteelProductsforRolloverProtectiveStructures(ROPS)andFallingObjectProtectiveStructures(FOPS)SAEJ/ISO6165—EarthmovingMachinery—BasicTypes—VocabularySAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-2-2.1.2ASTM—AvailablefromASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.ASTMA370—TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProducts2.2RelatedPublication—Thefollowingpublicationisprovidedforinformationpurposesonlyandisnotarequiredpartofthisdocument.2.2.1SAEPUBLICATION—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-001.SAEJ/ISO3449—EarthmovingMachinery—Falling-ObjectProtectiveStructures—LaboratoryTestsandPerformanceRequirement3.Facilities3.1TopGuard3.1.1Astandardlaboratorydroptestobject,madeofsteel,asshowninFigure1.FIGURE1—DROPTESTOBJECT3.1.2Ameansofraisingtheobjecttotherequiredheight.3.1.3Ameansofreleasingtheobjectsothatitfallswithoutrestraint.3.1.4Asurfaceofsuchfirmnessthatitwillnotbepenetratedbythemachineortestbedundertheloadingofthedroptest.SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-3-3.1.5AmeansofdeterminingifthetestobjectorTopGuardenterstheDLV,duringthedroptest.Thismaybeeitherofthefollowing:3.1.5.1ADLVintheuprightattitude,madeofmaterialwhichwillindicateanypenetrationbythetestobjectorTopGuard.TheDLVshouldbefixedfirmlytothesamepartofthemachinetowhichtheoperatorseatissecured.GreaseorsimilarsubstancemaybeputeitherontopoftheDLVoronthelowersurfaceoftheTopGuardcovertoindicatepenetration.3.1.5.2AdynamicinstrumentationsystemofsufficientfrequencyresponsetoindicatethepertinentdeflectionwithrespecttotheDLV.3.2FrontGuard3.2.1Astandardlaboratorypenetrationtestobject,madeofsteel,withtheshapeofthetaperedendoftheobjectinFigure1.Theobjectlengthshallbesufficienttoavoidadiameterlargerthan260mmmakingcontactwithFrontGuardduringtest.3.2.2AmeansofpushingtheobjectintotheFrontGuard.3.2.3AmeansofmeasuringtheforceexertedtopushtheobjectintotheFrontGuard.3.2.4AmeansofdeterminingifthetestobjectorFrontGuardentersthe(DLV),duringthepushtest.Thismaybeeitherofthefollowing:3.2.4.1ADLVintheuprightattitude,madeofmaterialwhichwillindicateanypenetrationbythetestobjectorFrontGuard.TheDLVshouldbefixedfirmlytothesamepartofthemachinetowhichtheoperatorseatissecured.GreaseorsimilarsubstancemaybeputeitheronfrontoftheDLVorontheinnersurfaceoftheFrontGuardtoindicatepenetration.3.2.4.2AninstrumentationsystemtoindicatethepertinentdeflectionwithrespecttotheDLV.3.2.5AmeanstomeasurethedeflectiondistanceatthesametimeasmeasuringtheforceastheobjectispushedintotheFrontGuard.4.MachineorTestBedCondition4.1TheOperatorGuardstobeevaluatedmustbeattachedtothemachineastheywillbeinactualmachineuse.Acompletemachineisnotrequired;however,theportiontowhichtheOperatorGuardsaremountedmustbeidenticaltothestructure,andtheverticalstiffnessofthetestbedmustbenotlessthanthatofanactualmachineasdescribedin4.2.4.2IftheOperatorGuardsaremountedonamachine,thefollowingstipulationsapply:4.2.1Therearenolimitationsoncustomaryattachments.4.2.2Allgroundengagingtoolsshallbeinnormalcarrypositions.4.2.3Allsuspensionsystemsincludingpneumatictires,shallbesetatoperatinglevels.Variablesuspensionsshallbeinthe“hard”range.4.3Allcabelements,suchasremovablewindows,normallyremovablepanels,ornonstructuralfittings,shallberemovedsothattheydonotcontributetothestrengthoftheOperatorGuards,exceptasnotedin5.1.1.4.4TheGuardstobetestedshallberepresentativeofunitswithinthemanufacturer'sspecifications.SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-4-5.TestProcedure5.1TopGuardTest5.1.1Thestandardlaboratorydroptestobject(Figure1)shallbeplacedontopoftheTopGuard(smallendoftheobjectdown)atthelocationdesignatedin5.1.2,5.1.3,and5.1.4.ItisintendedthatthedroplocationincludeatleastaportionoftheverticalprojectionoftheheadareaoftheDLV.Ifitdoesnot,twodroptestswillberequired;onetobelocatedwithintheheadareaasfaraspossiblefrommajor,upper,structuralmembers;andtheothertobeasdefinedin5.1.2,5.1.3,and5.1.4.Also,whereothermaterialsoradifferentthicknessareusedindifferentareasabovetheDLV,eachareainturnshallbesubjectedtoadroptest.NOTE—ItistheintentofthisdocumenttoimposethemostseveretestconditionontheTopGuard.IfdesignfeaturessuchascutoutsforwindowsorequipmentorvariationsincovermaterialorthicknessindicateamoreseverelocationcouldobviouslybeselectedwithintheverticalprojectionoftheDLV,thedroplocationshouldbeadjustedaccordingly.Inaddition,ifcutoutsintheTopGuardcoverareintendedtobefilledwithdevicestoprovideadequateprotection,thosedevicesorequivalentmustbeinplaceduringthedroptest.5.1.2ThesmallendoftheobjectistobeentirelywithintheverticalprojectionoftheDLVontheTopGuard.5.1.3Withinthelimitationof5.1.2,theobjectshallbesoplacedthatithastheleastpossibledistancefromthecentroidoftheTopGuard.(TheareawhosecentroidisreferredtoisthatportionoftheTopGuardthatisnotovermajor,upper,structuralmembers.)(SeeFigure2.)FIGURE2—DROPTARGETEXAMPLE5.1.4ShouldtheverticalprojectionoftheDLVbedividedintotwoormoresegmentsbyverticalprojectionsofmajor,upper,structuralmembers,thedirectionsof5.1.2and5.1.3shallapplytothesegmentcontainingthegreatestareaoftheDLVprojection(seeFigure3).SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-5-FIGURE3—DROPTARGETEXAMPLE5.1.5Theobjectistoberaisedvertically5.2m(17ft)abovetheposition(s)indicatedin5.1.1,5.1.2,5.1.3,and5.1.4.5.1.6TheobjectistobereleasedsothatitfallswithouteffectiverestraintontotheTopGuard.5.1.7Asitisunlikelythatthefreefallwillresultintheobjecthittingattheexactlocationand/orintheattitudeof5.1.1,5.1.2,5.1.3,and5.1.4,thefollowinglimitsareplacedondeviations:5.1.7.1Theinitialimpactofthesmallendoftheobjectshallbeentirelywithinacircleof200mm(8in)radius.(Thecenterofthiscircleistocoincidewiththeverticalcenterlineoftheobjectaspositionedper5.1.1to5.1.4,butnotonanymajor,upper,horizontalmember.)5.1.7.2ThefirstcontactbetweentheobjectandtheTopGuardshallbeonlyalongthesmallendoftheobjectand/ortheradiuscontiguoustothatend(seeFigure1).5.1.7.3Thereisnolimitationonlocationorattitudeofsubsequentimpactsduetorebounding.5.2FrontGuardTest5.2.1ThesmallendofthestandardlaboratorypenetrationtestobjectshallbeplacedagainsttheFrontGuardatthelocationdesignatedin5.2.2,5.2.3,and5.2.4.5.2.2ThesmallendoftheobjectistobeentirelywithinthehorizontalprojectionoftheDLVontheFrontGuard.5.2.3Withinthelimitationof5.2.2,theobjectshallbeplacedsothatitistheleastpossibledistancefromthefrontoftheDLVandfromthecentroidoftheFrontGuard(theareawhosecentroidisreferredtoisthatportionoftheFrontGuardthatisnotinfrontofmajorstructuralmembers).Theobjectshallbeplacedsothatitpushesmidwaybetweenthetwoelements.(SeeFigure4.)SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-6-FIGURE4—DROPTARGETEXAMPLE5.2.4ShouldthehorizontalprojectionoftheDLVbedividedintotwoormoresegmentsbymajorstructuralmembers,thedirectionsof5.2.2and5.2.3shallapplytothesegmentcontainingthegreatestareaclosesttotheDLVprojection.(SeeFigure4).5.2.5TheobjectistobepushedhorizontallyintotheFrontGuardatthelocation(s)indicatedin5.2.2,5.2.3,and5.2.4.5.2.6Therateofapplicationofdeflection(load)shallbesuchthatitcanbeconsideredstatic.Atdeflectionincrementsnogreaterthan13mm(0.5in),measuredatthepointofapplicationoftheload,recordforceanddeflection.ThisloadingistocontinueuntiltheFrontGuardhasachievedtheenergyrequirements.(SeeFigure5formethodofcalculatingenergy.)ThedeflectionusedincalculatingenergyistobethatoftheFrontGuardalongthelineofactionoftheforce.Thelineofactionoftheloadobjectshallbemaintainedwithinacircleof50mm(2in)radiusoftheinitialcontactpoint.SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-7-FIGURE5—METHODFORCALCULATINGENERGY6.Performance6.1NoportionoftheDLVoranyextensionofthehorizontaltopplaneoftheDLVshallbeenteredduetoanydeflectionoftheTopGuardunderthefirstoranysubsequentimpactsofthedroptestobject.6.2TheDLVshallnotbeenteredduringtheFrontGuardtestbefore11526J(8500ft-lb)ofenergyhavebeenabsorbed.6.3ThetestshallbeperformedwiththeGuardsat-18°C(0°F)orbeloworthematerialusedintheOperatorGuardsshallexhibitoneoftheCharpyVnotchimpactstrengthsat-30°C(-20°F)showninTable1.(SAEJ1119presentsmoredataonspecificsofCVNspecimensize-testtemperatureinteractionthatmeetstheintentofthebasicrequirementsofTable1.SAEJ1119alsogivesinformationonchemistries,manufacturingprocesses,andtensilepropertiesofsteelsuitableforuseinOperatorGuardsbutonlytheCVNimpactstrengthsaremandatory.)SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002-8-PREPAREDBYTHESAEOPERATORPROTECTIONTECHNICALCOMMITTEESC4—PROTECTIVESTRUCTURESTABLE1—MINIMUMCHARPYVNOTCHIMPACTSTRENGTHSSpecimenSize,mmJft-lbSpecimenSize,mmJft-lb10´10(1)1.Indicatespreferredsize.Specimensizeshallbenolessthanthelargestpreferredsizethatthematerialwillpermit.Reference:ASTMA370,StandardMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProducts.11.08.010x68.06.010x910.07.510x5(1)7.55.510x89.57.010x47.05.010x7.5(1)9.57.010x3.36.04.510x79.06.510x36.04.510x6.78.56.510x2.5(1)5.54.0SAEJ1356ReaffirmedAUG2002Rationale—ThisReaffirmedDocumenthasnotchangedotherthantoputitintothenewSAETechnicalStandardsBoardFormat.Section1isScope,1.1isPurpose,andSection2isReferences.Alsosomeofthereferenceshavebeenupdated.Somehavebeencancelledandreplacedwiththenewreference.Thisdocumentwasdevelopedtoprovidecriteriaforevaluatingstructuresintendedtogiveoperatorsprotectionfromfallingobjectsforcertainexcavatorapplications.Mini-Excavatorsarenotintendedtobecovered.TheyarenotrecognizedasaseparatetypeofmachinebySAEatthistime,butarequesthasbeensenttoSAEtodefinethem.Wechoosenottoredefineexcavatorsinthisdocument,pendingSAEaction.Thescopehasbeenlimitedtoexcavatorsoperatingnearafaceorindemolitionapplications.Bothtopandfrontguardingcriteriaarecovered.ThefallingobjectenergycriteriausedinSAEJ/ISO3449(formerlySAEJ231)(MinimumPerformanceCriteriaforFallingObjectProtectiveStructure)wasusedasthebasicapproachforthisspecification.AdynamicprocedureisquotedforthetopguardasinSAEJ/ISO3449.Anequivalentworktestwasspecifiedforthefrontguardwiththeminimumsetatthesamevaluespecifiedforthetopguard-11525J(8500ft.lbs.).Thiswasdonetoavoidfreefalltestcomplicationswiththecabinanormalorientationwithitsspecifiedmounts.RelationshipofSAEStandardtoISOStandard—Notapplicable.Application—ThisSAERecommendedPracticeestablishesaconsistent,repeatabletestprocedureandperformancerequirementsforevaluatingguardsintendedtoprovideexcavatoroperatorswithreasonableprotectionfromfallingobjectssuchasrocks.ReferenceSectionSAEJ231—MinimumPerformanceCriteriaforFallingObjectProtectiveStructure(FOPS)SAEJ397FEB86—DeflectionLimitingVolume-ROPS/FOPSLaboratoryEvaluationSAEJ1119APR80—SteelProductsforRolloverProtectiveStructures(ROPS)andFallingObjectProtectiveStructures(FOPS)SAEJ/ISO3449—EarthmovingMachinery—Falling-ObjectProtectiveStructures—LaboratoryTestsandPerformanceRequirementsSAEJ/ISO6165—EarthmovingMachinery—BasicTypes—VocabularyASTMA370—TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProductsDevelopedbytheSAEOpertorProtectionTechnicalCommitteeSC4—ProtectiveStructuresSponsoredbytheSAEOperatorProtectionTechnicalCommittee