最新高英Lesson10(Book-2)-The-Sad-Young-Men精品课件

第一页，共82页。第二页，共82页。Unit10TheSadYoungMenbyRodW.Horton&HerbertW.Edwards第三页，共82页。TeachingPointsI.BackgroundknowledgeII.IntroductiontothepassageIII.TextAnalysisIV.RhetoricaldevicesV.Questions第四页，共82页。第五页，共82页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeA.TheAuthor----RodW.Horton(1910-)BorninWhitePlainsN.Y.Instructor,NewYorkUniversity,(1937-45)Assistantprofessor(1945-49)Associateprofessor(1949-57)Culturalaffairsofficer(1957-64)Professor,ColoradoUniversity(1964-)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofBrazil(1954-56)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofCoimbra(1961-64)Publications:BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought(1952)BackgroundsofEuropeanLiterature(1954)第六页，共82页。第七页，共82页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeB.  Someterms:--TheSadYoungMen--TheLostGeneration--TheBeatGeneration--TheAngryYoungMen第八页，共82页。TheSadYoungMenandTheLostGenerationrefertothesamegroupofpeople.TheformerwascreatedbyF.ScottFitzgerald;thelatter,byGertrudeStein.TheywereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairorcynicalhedonism.AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwritereswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.AtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.第九页，共82页。I.BackgroundKnowledgeC.  Otherliteraryfigures:--GertrudeStein--E.Hemingway第十页，共82页。1.GertrudeStein(1874-1946)Americanauthorandpatronofthearts.Acelebratedpersonality,sheencouraged,aided,andinfluenced—throughherpatronageaswellasthroughherwriting—manyliteraryandartisticfigures.ThefifthandyoungestchildoftheDanielandAmeliaSteinfamily,GertrudewasbornonFebruary3,1874intouppermiddleclasssurroundingsinAllegheny,Pennsylvania.In1902shewentabroadandfrom1903untilherdeathlivedchieflyinParis.Whenshewas3yearsoldthefamilymovedtoViennaandthenontoParisbeforereturningtoAmericainlate1878."SoIwasfiveyearsoldwhenwecamebacktoAmericahavingknownAustrianGermanandFrenchFrench,andnowAmericanEnglish,aniceworldifthereisenoughofit,andmoreorlesstherealwaysis."第十一页，共82页。第十二页，共82页。HerfathermovedthefamilytoOakland,Californiasoonaftertheirreturn.HerbrotherLeo,2yearshersenior,andGertrudefoundlikeinterestsandbecameclosealliesthroughmuchoftheirearlylives.Gertrudewas8whenshemadeherfirstattemptatwriting.ReadingbecameanobsessionforherbeginningwithShakespeareandbooksonnaturalhistory.Gertrude'sloveaffairwithwordswouldlaterrevealitselfinherownworks.Inschoolshewasfascinatedwiththestructuringofsentences."Isupposeotherthingsmaybemoreexcitingtoothers...Ilikethefeelingtheeverlastingfeelingofsentencesastheydiagramthemselves."第十三页，共82页。In1891herfatherdiedsuddenly,andtheoldestbrotherMichaelassumedthepositionofearningalivingforthefamily.TheSteinsmovedtoSanFranciscowhereGertrudebecameintriguedbythetheaterandopera...apassionshewouldcontinueaftershemovedtoBaltimorein1892tolivewithawealthyaunt."...howstrangeitwasformecomingfromaratherdesperateinnerlifeIhadbeenlivingforthelastfewyearstoacheerfullifeofallauntsanduncles."GertrudeenteredRadcliffeCollegein1893.Asastudentshedevelopedaspecialphilosophicalrelationshipwithherteacher,WilliamJames.Jamestoldher,"Ihopeyouwillpardonmeifyourecognizesomefeaturesofmyidealstudentasyourown."第十四页，共82页。OnaparticularlynicespringdayduringfinalexamsinJames'courseshewroteatthetopofherpaper..."DearProfessorJames,IamsorrybutreallyIdonotfeelabitlikeanexaminationpaperinphilosophytoday."ThenextdayshereceivedapostcardfromJamessaying,"IunderstandperfectlyhowyoufeelIoftenfeellikethatmyself."andthengaveherthehighestmarkinhiscourse.Withphilosophyandpsychologycoursesbehindher,GertrudedecidedonacareerinmedicineandenrolledatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ShelaterstudiedmedicineinEuropeandeventuallydismissedthewholeidea.WanderlusthadcapturedherattentionasshetraveledthroughItaly,Germany,andEngland...livingforawhilewithbrotherLeoinLondon.第十五页，共82页。ShereturnedtoAmericatolivewithfriendsinNewYork.Itwasherethatshewroteherfirstnovel"Q.E.D.".Itwould,forsomereason,belostfor30yearsandnotbepublisheduntil4yearsafterherdeathunderthetitleof"ThingsAsTheyAre".LeoSteinmovedtoParisandtookupresidenceat27RuedeFleurus.Gertrudejoinedhimin1904,andwouldnottouchfootuponAmericansoilagainfor30years...soonbecomingalegendinherowntime.Stein’sbestknownworksare:ThreeLives(1909),TheMakingofAmericans(1925),AutobiographyofAliveB.Toklas(1933).第十六页，共82页。2.ErnestHemingwayErnestHemingway(1899-1961)Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.第十七页，共82页。Hisfictionfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives—soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters—whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter.第十八页，共82页。DuringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisascorrespondentfortheTotontoStar,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriatecirclesurroundinigGertrudeStein.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1926),hewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthe“lostgeneration”.第十九页，共82页。DuringtheSpainishCivilWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside;fromthisexperiencecamehisgreatnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).HemingwayfoughtinWorldWarIIandthensettledinCubain1945.HisnoveletteTheOldManandtheSea(1952)celebratestheindomitablecourageofanagedCubanfisherman.第二十页，共82页。In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliterature.Owingtoillhealthanddiminishingmentalfaculties,inJuly1961,hecommmittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.第二十一页，共82页。II.WordsandExpressions1.romanticize(L2,P1)vt.使浪漫化,使传奇化romanticallyadv.浪漫地romanticismn.浪漫精神,浪漫主义romanticistn.浪漫主义者romanzan.浪漫曲,叙事短诗(duǎnshī),抒情短诗(duǎnshī)第二十二页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions2.speakeasy(L7,P1)---aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegallyduringProhibition.3.Puritanmorality(L7,P1)---extremeorexcessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.4.flask-toting(L10,P1)---adj.alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorotherstrongliquor.第二十三页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions5.sheik(L10,P1)---amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistablyattracted6.flapper(L11,P1)---(colloq.)ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionsanddress.7.drugstorecowboy(L11,P1)---awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures第二十四页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions8.Victorian(L1,P3)---showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandoverwhichQueenVictoriaruled(1837-1901)9.Bohemian(L5,P4)---aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingway第二十五页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions10.Prohibition(L12,P4)---theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes(theperiodof1920-1933),theprohibitionbyFederallaw.11.jingoism(L7,P5)n.主战论,武力外交政策,沙文主义(Shāwénzhǔyì),侵略主义jingoistn.沙文主义(Shāwénzhǔyì)者,侵略主义者jingon.沙文主义(Shāwénzhǔyì)者第二十六页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions12.soapopera(L15,P5)---adaytimeradioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlymelodramatic,sentimentalnature.Ithasbeensocalledsincemanyoriginalsponsorsweresoapcompanies.13.GreenwichVillage(L1,P7)---sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan;notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.14.Babbittry(L9,P7)---(afterGeorgeBabbitt,titlecharacterofasatiricalnovelbySinclairLewis)asmuglyconventionalpersoninterestedchieflyinbusinessandsocialsuccessandindifferenttoculturalvalues.n.市侩作风、庸俗之人Philistinen.(中东古国)腓力斯人(sīrén),仇敌,俗气的人;adj.俗气的,无教养的第二十七页，共82页。Wordsandexpressions15.fast(L7,P8)---adj.livinginareckless,wild,dissipatedway16.boobery(L12,P9)---sameasBabbittry,smug,self-satisfied,conformistinculturalmattersn.愚人之统称,愚笨;booby:n.呆子(dāizi),傻瓜17.keepupwiththeJoneses(L22,P9)---strivetogetallthematerialthingsone’sneighborsorassociateshave.第二十八页，共82页。III.IntroductiontothePassage1.Typeofliteratureapieceofexpositivewriting2.MainideaexplainingaperiodinAmericanhistory;itfocusesonattitudes,revoltoftheyoungpeople—disappointedanddisillusionedwritersandartists,backfromWorldWarI(1914-1918),oncelivedabroadasexpatriates,laterreturnedvoluntarily.TheywerecalledLostGenerationbecausetheywerecriticalandrebellious.However,theyneverlostbecausetheywerecreativeandproductive.第二十九页，共82页。3.Thetheme“Theintellectualsofthetwenties,the‘sadyoungmen,’cursedtheirluckbutdidn’tdie;escapedbutvoluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoinggavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginliteraryexperience.”4.Clearandsimplestructuralorganization---P.1:introducingthesubject---P.2-9:supportinganddevelopingthethesis---P.10-11:bringingthediscussiontoanend第三十页，共82页。IV.TextAnalysis1.IdentifyingandunderstandingAmericanismsinthisessay--speakeasy--sheik--flask-toting--drugstorecowboy--flapper--Babbittry--soapopera--fast--boobery第三十一页，共82页。2.EffectiveWritingSkills1).Effectiveuseoftopicsentences2).Developinganewbutrelatedaspectofthethoughtstatedinthethesisineachparagraphorparagraphunit.3.RhetoricalDevices1).metaphor2).personification3).metonymy4).transferredepithet第三十二页，共82页。4.SpecialDifficulties1).Prefixes“-un”and“-in”(-im,-il,-ir)bearinganegativemeaning2).Paraphrasingsomesentences3).Identifyingfiguresofspeech第三十三页，共82页。V.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIParagraph1Sentence1:sensationallyromanticized:(Thisso-calledproblem)wastreatedinapassionate,idealizedmannertoshockthrillandrousetheinterestofpeople.paraphrase:AfterWorldWarI,duringthe1920s,everyaspectoflifeinU.S.wascommentedupon,butpeoplecommentupontheRebellionoftheYoungerGenerationmorethanalltheotheraspects.Peopletreateditveryromanticallyandsensationally.第三十四页，共82页。Sentence2:1).Theslightestmention…bytheyoung:middleaged:Middle–agedpeoplelivedthroughtheTwentiessotheycanrecallwhatlifewaslikethen.theyoung:Theyoungpeoplehaveonlyheardaboutallthisandwereverycuriousaboutthelivesofyoungpeopleofanothergeneration.nostalgic,curious:Botharetransferredepithets.Theyreallymodify“themiddle-aged”and“theyoung”respectively.paraphrase:Attheverymentionofthispost-warperiod,middle-agedpeoplebegintothinkaboutitlonginglyandyoungpeoplebecomecuriousandstartaskingallkindsofquestions.第三十五页，共82页。2).memoriesof…countryroad:Thesearetherecollectionsofthenostalgicmiddle-aged.deliciouslyillicitthrill:Avisittoaspeakeasy,averyenjoyableandexcitingaction,wasprohibitedbecausetheseplacessoldalcoholicdrinksillegally.Puritanmorality:excessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.fashionableexperimentationsinamour:tryingoutnewwaysoflovemakingaseveryonewasdoingatthattimeparkedsedan:inasedancarparkedonlonelycountryroads第三十六页，共82页。3).questionsabout…drugstorecowboy:Someofthequestionsaskedbycuriousyoungpeople.naughty:mildlyindecentjazzy:(aparty)playingjazzmusicsheik:amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistablyattractedmoralandstylisticvagaries:oddandeccentricdressandconductflapper:inthe1920s,ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionanddressdrugstorecowboy:awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures第三十七页，共82页。Sentence5:Theanswerstosuch…jazzmadyouth.1).Theanswerstosuch…“yes”and“no”:paraphrase:Peoplecannotgiveasimple“yes”or“no”answertosuchquestions.Theyshouldbeansweredwithboth“yes”and“no”becauseofnecessity.2).“yes”…Problem:paraphrase:Duringtheprocesswhenchildrengrowuptobecomeadults,therealwaysexistsaYoungerGenerationProblem.Inthissensetheanswermustbe“yes”.第三十八页，共82页。3).“no”…jazzmadyouth:seeinperspective:tovieworjudgethingsoreventsinawaythatshowtheirtruerelationstooneanother.degeneration:moralcorruption,depravityjazzmad:blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusicparaphrase:Whenlookingbacknowtothosedaysandviewthingsintheirtruerelationstooneanother,weseethatthesocialbehavioroftheyoungpeoplewasnotverywild,irresponsible,andimmoral.Theirbehaviourwasfarfrombeingassensationalasthedegenerationofjazzmadyouth.Therefore,inthissense,theanswermustbe“no”.第三十九页，共82页。Paragraph2Sentence1:paraphrase:Infact,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasanecessaryandexpectedconsequenceoftheconditionsthatexistedinthisperiodofhistory.Sentence2:paraphrase:WemustrememberthattherevoltoftheyoungdidnottakeplaceonlyintheU.S.,butaffectedallthecountriesintheWesternworld.TheirrevoltwastheresultofWorldWarI—thebiggestandmostseriouswarinahundredyears.第四十页，共82页。Sentence3:1).Itwasreluctantly…ortradition:subconscious:occurringwithoutconsciousperception,orwithonlyslightperception,onthepartoftheindividualtradition:stories,beliefs,customs,etc.,handeddownorallyfromgenerationtogenerationparaphrase:SomepeopleintheU.S.fullyunderstood,thoughunwillingly,thattheU.S.shouldnolongerremainisolatedpoliticallyorinmattersofsocialcustomsandpractices.Ifthesepeopledidnotstatetheirviewsopenly,atleast,theyunderstooditsubconsciously.第四十一页，共82页。2).Wehadreached…borderingoceans:reachinternationalstature:todevelopandgrowintoanationrespectedandesteemedbyallothernationsintheworldprovincial:narrowinoutlook/views,limitedlikethatofruralprovinces.Herethewordmeansnarrowlikethatofasinglecountry—theU.S..paraphrase:metaphor,comparing“provincialmorality”to“artificialwalls”.Wehavebecomeaworldpowersowecannolongerinouractionjustfollowtheprinciplesofrightandwrongasacceptedinourowncountry,norcanweremainisolatedgeographicallyprotectedbytheAtlanticandPacificoceans.Inotherwords,theU.S.cannolongerpursueapolicyofisolationism.第四十二页，共82页。Paragraph3Sentence1:Victorian:showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandgentility:thequalityofbeinggenteel;now,specificallyexcessiveoraffectedrefinementandeleganceparaphrase:Inanycase,Americacouldnotavoidcastingasideitsmiddle-classrespectabilityandaffectedrefinement.第四十三页，共82页。Sentence2:roaring:veryactiveorsuccessful;briskimpersonality:thelackorabsenceofapersonalorhumancharacter;thequalityorstateofnotinvolvingpersonalfeelingsortheemotionsaggressive:impliesaboldandenergeticpursuitofone’sends,connoting,inderogatoryusage,aruthlessdesiretodominateand,inafavorablesense,enterprise,initiative,etc.code:anysetofprinciplesorrulesofconductparaphrase:AfterWorldWarI,Americabecameahighlyindustrializedcountry.Therewerebigsuccessfulfactoriesoperatingeverywhere.Businessbecamehugecorporationsdevoidofanyhumanfeelingsandtheruthlessdesiretodominatewasexercisedtoalargescale.Inthisnewatmosphere,theprinciplesofpolite,courteousandconsideratebehaviorandconductthatwereformedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage(beforeWorldWarI)couldnolongerexist.第四十四页，共82页。Sentence3:medium:environmentbattleforsuccess:metaphor.Theyhadtofightasinabattleinordertobecomesuccessful.paraphrase:Withorwithoutawar,asonegenerationfollowedanother,theyoungpeoplefounditincreasinglydifficulttoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatseemedinnowaytoberelatedtothenoisy,busyworldofbusiness,anditwasinthisbustlingbusinessworldthattheywereexpectedtobecomesuccessful.第四十五页，共82页。Sentence4:1).Thewaracted…socialstructure:agent:anactiveforceorsubstanceproducinganeffectcatalyticagent:catalyst;apersonorthingactingasthestimulusinbringingaboutorhasteningaresultparaphrase:metaphor,thewarbeingcomparedtoacatalyticagent.ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.2).byprecipitating…violentenergies:paraphrase:BythrowingouryoungpeoplesuddenlyandunexpectedlyintoaWorldWar,whichwasaformofmassmurder,wereleasedtheviolentenergieswhichtheyoungpeoplehadsofarheldincheckorrepressed.3).which,aftertheshooting…society:paraphrase:Whenthewarwasover,theyoungpeopleusedtheirnewlyreleasedviolentenergies,bothinEuropeandAmerica,todestroythenineteenth-centurysocietythatwasgettingoldandbecomingunacceptable.第四十六页，共82页。PartIIParagraph4Sentence1:challenge:anything,asademandingtask,thatcallsforspecialeffortordedicationmores:customs,especiallythefixedortraditionalcustomsofasociety,oftenacquiringtheforceoflawparaphrase:Thusinaworldwhereeverythingwaschanging,ouryoungpeoplehadtotakeupthedemandingtaskofreformingourtraditionalsocialcustomsinordertokeepupwiththischangingworld.第四十七页，共82页。Sentence2:air:anoutwardappearance;generalimpressionorfeelinggivenbysth.sophistication:thestateofbeingartificial,worldly-wise,urbane,etc.pose:awayofbehavingorspeakingthatisassumedforeffect;pretenseBohemian:aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.,wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingwayparaphrase:InAmericaatleast,theyoungpeoplewerestronglyinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilities.Theypretendedtobeworldly-wise,drinkingandbehavingnaughtily.Theypretendedtolivelikeunconventionalartistsorpoets,breakingthemoralcodeofthecommunity.第四十八页，共82页。Sentence3:1).Thefaddishness…patternofescape:faddishness:thefollowingoffadspattern:aregular,mainlyunvaryingwayofactingordoingparaphrase:Theyoungpeopledidmanyofthefollowingfoolishandwildthingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilities.Theywentinforallkindsoffads,spentmoneyfreelyontransitorypleasuresandmomentarynovelties.Theypretendedtobewildlygayandexperimentedwithallkindsofsensations,includingthoseproducedbysex,drugs,alcoholandperversions.2).anescape…responsibilities:paraphrase:TheyoungpeoplecoulddoallthesethingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilitiesbecauseaftertheWorldWartherewasgeneralprosperityinthecountryandpeopleweretiredofpolitics,economicrestrictionsandinternationalresponsibilities.第四十九页，共82页。Sentence4:1).Prohibition…illicit:Prohibition:theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes;specificallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920-1933)ofProhibitionbyFederallawparaphrase:TheyoungpeoplefoundgreaterpleasureintheirdrinkingbecauseProhibition,bymakingdrinkingunlawful,addedasenseofadventure.2).Themuch-publicized…escapism:much-publicized:reportedoftenandwidelyinnewspapersandmagazinesorgy:anywild,riotous,licentiousmerrymakingGreenwichVillage:sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan,notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.,formerlyavillageparaphrase:Themuch-publicizedwildandriotouslifeoftheintellectualsinGreenwichVillageandtheirdefiantopendeclarationsoftheirmotivesandintentionsprovidedtheyoungpeoplewithaphilosophythatcouldjustifytheirescapism.第五十页，共82页。Sentence5:1).Andlike…ranout:paraphrase:Andlikemostwild,riotouslivesledbytheescapist,thisonealsoendedwhentheescapistsdidn’thaveanymoremoneytospend.2).Thecrash…tosoberup:paraphrase:metaphor,comparing“thewild,riotouslivingoftheescapists”to“aparty”,and“theescapists”to“drunkenrevelers”.TheGreatEconomicDepressionwhichstartedintheU.S.in1929broughttheyoungescapistsbacktotheirsensesandstoppedthewild,riotouslivestheywereliving.第五十一页，共82页。Paragraph5Sentence2:1).Theprolongedstalemate…idealisticcitizens:thestalemateof1915-1916:ThisreferstothestalemateontheWesternFrontinEurope.Gruelingtrenchwarfaretookplace,butthebattlelinesremainedvirtuallystationaryforthreeyears.insolenceofGermanytowardstheUnitedStates:ThisreferstothesinkingoftheLusitania,alinerunderBritishregistration,byaGermansubmarineonMay7,1915.Inthesinking,1,195personslosttheirlives,ofwhom128wereU.S.citizens.TheconsiderablesympathyforGermanythathadpreviouslyexistedintheU.S.toalargeextentdisappeared,andthereweredemandsfrommanyforanimmediatedeclarationofwar.todeclareourstatusasabelligerent:todeclarewar.Americaenteredthewarratherlate,onApril6,1917.第五十二页，共82页。2).ouryoung…flags:paraphrase:Ouryoungmenjoinedthearmiesofforeigncountriestofightinthewar.Thewholesentencemeans:Manypeoplecouldnotenduretheeventsofthestalemate,theinsolenceofGermany,andAmerica’snotdeclaringwar,andencouragedbythewarlikePresidentRoosevelt,youngAmericanswenttothewarbythemselves.第五十三页，共82页。Sentence3&4:fun:amusement,sport,recreation,adventure,etc.theyoungidealisticpeoplethoughtfightinginawarwassth.adventurousandromantic.turnbellyup:tofinish,toend.atermborrowedfromfishing.Afishthatfloatsbellyupisdead.paraphrase:WhydidtheyoungpeoplegotothewarwithoutAmericangovernment’scallingon?TheanswercouldbefoundinWilliamsorinPassos’works.Thatistheywantedtotakepartinthegloriousadventurebeforethewholewarended.Andduringthatperiod,they