商务英语听力原文

精品文档精品文档..PAGE1◇◇◇BusinessEnglishTapescriptUnit1ApplyingforaJobII.ListeningTask1.RecruitmentWhenacompanyneedstorecruitoremploynewpeople,itmaydecidetoadvertisethejoborpositionintheappointmentssectionofanewspaperorontheInternet.Peoplewhoareinterestedcanthenapplyforthejobbysendinginaletterofapplicationorcoverletterandacurriculumvitae(CV)orrésumécontainingdetailsoftheireducationandexperience.Acompanymayalsoaskcandidatestocompleteastandardapplicationform.Thecompany’sHumanResourceDepartmentorPersonnelDepartmentwillthenselectthemostsuitableapplicationsandprepareashortlistofcandidatesorapplicants,whoareinvitedtoattendaninterview.2.SomeCommonAspectsofJobInterviewingJobinterviewsareallaboutmakingthebestmatches.Boththecompanyandthejob-seekerwanttodetermineifthereisacorrectfitbetweenthem.Job-seekersgoingonjobinterviewscanbasicallyexpectoneoftwostylesofinterviewing,thetraditionaljobinterviewandthebehavioralinterview.Whilethestylesdiffer,therearesomebasicactivitiesjob-seekersneedtodobothbeforeandaftertheinterviewinordertosucceed.PreparingandResearching:Job-seekersmustspendtimebeforetheinterviewconductingresearchonthetypeofjob,company,andindustrytheyareinterviewing.Yourknowledgeofthesefactorsiscriticaltoyoursuccess.AnticipatingQuestionsandPreparingAnswers:Althoughthetypesofquestionsdifferdependingontheinterviewingstyle,job-seekersmustplanandbepreparedforthetypicaltypesofquestions.Youshouldnotmemorizeanswers,butscriptspecificresponsessothatyouwillbeabletoremembermoredetailswhenaskedaboutthequestionintheinterview.Youshouldalsohaveseveralquestionsreadytoasktheinterviewer.Follow-Up:Itisamazinghowmanyjob-seekersskipthiscrucialstep.Youmustimmediatelywriteathank-younotetoeachpersonwhointerviewedyou.Notonlyisthisletterpartofprofessionaletiquette,butitisoftentimetoreinforceaconceptorskillthatyouhaveandthattheemployerdesiresinthepersontheywillbehiring.3.TraditionalInterviewandBehavioralInterviewThetraditionaljobinterviewusesbroad-basedquestionssuchas,“whydoyouwanttoworkforthiscompany,”and“tellmeaboutyourstrengthsandweaknesses.”Interviewingsuccessismoreoftenbasedontheabilityofthejob-seekertocommunicatethanonthetruthfulnessorcontentoftheiranswers.Employersarelookingfortheanswertothreequestions:doesthejob-seekerhavetheskillsandabilitiestoperformthejob;doesthejob-seekerpossesstheenthusiasmandworkethicthattheemployerexpects;andwillthejob-seekerbeateamplayerandfitintotheorganization.Thebehavioraljobinterviewisbasedonthetheorythatpastperformanceisthebestindicatoroffuturebehavior,andusesquestionsthatprobespecificpastbehaviors,suchas:“tellmeaboutatimewhereyouconfrontedanunexpectedproblem,”“tellmeaboutanexperiencewhenyoufailedtoachieveagoal,”and“givemeaspecificexampleofatimewhenyoumanagedseveralprojectsatonce.”Job-seekersneedtopreparefortheseinterviewsbyrecallingscenariosthatfitthevarioustypesofbehavioralinterviewingquestions.Recentcollegegradswithlittleworkexperienceshouldfocusonclassprojectsandgroupsituationsthatmightlendthemselvestothesetypesofquestions.Hobbiesandvolunteerworkalsomightprovideexamplesyoucoulduse.Job-seekersshouldframetheiranswersbasedonafour-partoutline:(1)describethesituation,(2)discusstheactionsyoutook,(3)relatetheoutcomes,and(4)specifywhatyoulearnedfromit.Unit2BusinessPhoneCallsII.ListeningTask1.HowtoMakeBusinessPhoneCallsBeinggoodinyourjobrequiresalotofhardwork.Itisaboutsubmittingthemostcomprehensivereport,shiningduringbusinessmeetings,beingabletomeetyourdeadlines,andhavinggoodpresentationskills.Equallyimportantasthesecompetenciesisyourabilitytoconducteffectivebusinessphonecalls.Phonecallscanbeveryusefultoolsindevelopingyourbusiness.It’sacommunicationprocesswhichcancontributealottoyourbusinessifyouknowhowtomakeeveryphonecallworkforyourobjectives.Herearesometipsformakingbusinessphonecalls.1.Developaprofessionalgreeting.Don’tjustsayhelloandjumpintoyourtelephonepresentationwithouttakingabreathorallowingtheotherpartytoparticipate.Yourgreetingshoulderronthesideofformality.BeginwithMr.,Mrs.orMs,asin“Goodmorning,Mr.Smith.”Or“Goodevening,Mrs.Jones.”Everyoneelsesays,“Hello.”Bedifferent.Beprofessional.2.Introduceyourselfandyourcompany.“MynameisJohnSmithwithABCCompany.We’realocalfirmthatspecializesinhelpingbusinessessaveHYPERLINK"http://www.entrepreneur.com/sales/salestechniques/article78540.html"\t"_top"money.”Don’tgettoospecificyet.Don’tmentionyourproduct.Ifyoudo,thatallowstheotherpartytosay,“Oh,we’rehappywithwhatwe’vegot.Thanksanyway,”andhangup.Bykeepingyourintroductiongeneral,yetmentioningabenefit,you’llpeakyourprospect’scuriosityandkeepthemonthelinelonger.3.Expressgratitude.Alwaysthankthepotentialclientforallowingyouafewmomentsinhisbusyday.Tellhimthatyouwon’twasteasecondofhistime.“Iwanttothankyoufortakingmycall.Thiswillonlyinvolveamomentofyourtimesoyoucangetbacktoyourbusyschedule.”Don’tsaythatyou’ll“justtakeamoment.”Thefeelingevokedbythemhearingthatyou’lltakeanythingfromthemwillputthemoff.4.Statethepurposeofyourcall.It’sbestifyoucanprovidethepurposewithinaquestion.“IfwecanshowyouawaytoimprovethequalityofyourproductatalowerHYPERLINK"http://www.entrepreneur.com/sales/salestechniques/article78540.html"\t"_top"cost,wouldyoubeinterestedtoknowmore?”Thisisverylikelytogetayesresponse.Atthispoint,you’rereadytostartsellinganopportunitytomeetthispersonorgettheirpermissiontoprovidethemwithmoreinformation.You’renotsellingyourproductyet—you’resellingwhatyourproductwilldoforhim.5.Scheduleameeting.Getaconfirmationtomeet,eitherinpersonortotheteleconferencetogettheinformationyouneedinordertogiveasolidpresentation.Ifhe’ssointerestedthathewantstodoitrightthenandthere,that’sOK.6.Ifaface-to-facemeetingisthemostappropriatenextstep,usethealternate-of-choicequestioningstrategy.Offerhimtwotimes,“Mr.Johnson,Icanpopbyyourofficeat2:15p.m.todaytodiscussthisfurther.Orwould9:45a.m.tomorrowbettersuityourHYPERLINK"http://www.entrepreneur.com/sales/salestechniques/article78540.html"\t"_top"schedule?”Youdidn’tsay,“Whencanwemeet?”Whenyouusethealternateofchoice,youtakecontrolofgettingtheappointment.Andnote:Askingforanoff-hourgetsyounoticed.There’ssomethingaboutsettingameetingatanoff-hourthatsaysyou’reasalespersonwho’llbepunctualandrespectyourprospect’stime.Tryit.7.Thankthemfortheirtimetodayandfortheupcomingappointment.Reconfirmthedate,timeandlocationoftheappointment.Askfordirectionsifyouneedthem.Tellhimhowmuchpreparationyou’lldoinordertomakethebestuseofthetimeyou’llshare.Givehimyourcontactinformationthisway:“IfanythingelsecomestomindthatIshouldbeawareofpriortoourmeeting,pleasecontactmeat88662688”.8.Followup.Ifyourmeetingismorethanafewdaysinthefuture,sendaletterofconfirmationimmediately.Ifthemeetingistomorrow,sendane-mailconfirmation.Keepitshortandupbeat.2.TelephoneMannersAlthoughemailandinstantmessagingarequicklybecomingstandardformsofofficecommunication,thetelephonestillplaysanimportantroleinbusiness.Justlikeaface-to-facemeeting,telephoneconversationsareexpectedtofollowcertainrulesofetiquettetohelpmaketheexperiencepleasantandproductiveforallthoseinvolved.Whenmakingabusinesscall,besuretofirstidentifyyourselfandyourcompany.Ifyou’reroutedtoareceptionistoroperator,alsoincludethenameofthepersonyou’retryingtoreach.Asimple,“Hello,thisisMarkRobertfromPacificEdgeInternational.MayIspeaktoMaryGrand?”willdo.Bepreparedwithoneortwosentencesexplainingthepurposeforyourcall.Whenyouareconnectedwiththeperson,statethepurposeofyourcallandthenbesuretoaskifyouarecallingataconvenienttime.Thisisoneofthemostoverlookedareasofphoneetiquette,andallowsthepersonyou’recallingtheopportunitytobetteraddressyourneedsatalatertime.Peoplemakebusinessphonecallsforspecificreasons.Veryrarelydoclientscalljusttocatchup.Telephonecallsusuallyleadtosomeactiontobetaken,somakesureyourfirstvocalimpressionisagoodonebytryingtoanswerthephoneaspleasantlyandprofessionallyaspossible.Identifyyourselfandyourcompanywhenreceivinganincomingcall.Whileit’snotimpolitetosay,“PacificEdgeInternational,MarkRobertspeaking,”itmightbeeasieronthelistenertosay,“ThankyouforcallingPacificEdgeInternational.ThisisMarkRobert.HowmayIhelpyou?”Variationsonthisthemecanconveyyourgreetingquiteeffectively.Ifyouworkatalargecorporationwithmanydepartments,itmayalsohelptoincludeyourdepartmentorsectionname,“ThisisMarkRobert,accountsreceivable.HowmayIhelpyou?”Ifyouhavetoleaveamessageorvoicemailforsomeone,makeitshortandtothepoint.Speakclearlyandslowlyandleaveyourname,phonenumber,andabriefmessage.Sayyournameandnumberatthebeginningandagainattheendofthemessage,especiallyifyoudon’tknowthepersonyou’recalling.Ifthevoicemailsystemallowsyoutoplaybackyourmessage,considertakingadvantageofthatfeaturetomakesureyourmessageisclearandcommunicatesyourneeds.Returningmessagespromptlyisalwaysappreciated.It’scustomarytoreturntelephonecallswithin24hours.Ifyoucannotattendtothecaller’sneedswithinthattime,brieflyphonethepersontosaywhenyouwillbeavailable.3.TelephoneEnglishAlotofpeoplefinditdifficulttomakephonecallsinaforeignlanguage—andthat’sunderstandable.Youcan’tseethepersonyouaretalkingto,theirvoicemightbeunclear,andyoumightfinditdifficulttofindtherightwords.Onethingyoucandotoimproveyourtelephoneskillsistolearnsomeofthemulti-wordverbsthatarecommonlyusedintelephoneconversations.Mostofthemarefeaturedinthismodule.Holdonmeans“wait”—andhangonmeans“wait”,too.Becarefulnottoconfusehangonwithhangup!Hangupmeans“finishthecallbybreakingtheconnection”—inotherwords:“putthephonedown.” Anotherphrasalverbwiththesamemeaningas“hangup”is“ringoff”. Theoppositeof“hangup”or“ringoff”is“ringup”.Ifyouringsomebodyup,youmakeaphonecall. Andifyoupickupthephone,(orpickthephoneup)youansweracallwhenthephonerings.Ifyouaretalkingtoareceptionist,secretaryorswitchboardoperator,theymayaskyoutohangonwhiletheyputyouthrough.“Putthrough”meanstoconnectyourcalltoanothertelephone.Withthisverb,theobject(you,me,him,her,etc.)goesinthemiddleoftheverb:putyouthrough.Butifyoucan’tgetthroughtothepersonyouwanttotalkto,youmightbeabletoleaveamessageaskingthemtocallyouback.“Callback”meanstoreturnaphonecall.Ifyouuseanobject(you,me,him,her,etc.),itgoesinthemiddleoftheverb:callyouback.Unit3AttheMeetingII.ListeningTask1.MeetingsMeetingsarecommunicatingwithanaudienceinaformatinwhichmorethanoneindividualcometogethertointroduce,review,ordecidesomething.Manypeoplemakefunofmeetingsandsaytheyareawasteoftimebutthesearetheplacesandtimeswhenalotofdecisionsaremadeandbusinessgetsdone.Meetingtimesandplaceshavebecomemorecomplicatedasnewtechnologieshaveemergedandbecomelessexpensiveandmorepopular.Asexamples,teleconferencesarenowastandardwaytobringpeopleindifferentplacestogetherforameeting.Videoconferencesaremoreexpensiveandrequirebroadbandconnectionsandmoreexpensiveequipment,buttheiruseisgrowingrapidly.TheuseofaudioandvideoconferencingovertheInternetisnowgrowingquickly.Itslowerpriceisattractive,butthelowerqualitycanbeadistraction.Usuallysomeonecallsameeting,andotherpeoplechecktheircalendarsandattendiftheirscheduleisfreeandtheydon’thaveaconflictorotherpriorcommitment.Ameetingplaceandmeetingtimearearranged,andanagendaorthegoalsofthemeetingareset.Oncetheseareestablishedandagreedon,peoplepreparewhattheywillneedforthemeeting,likegraphs,oraPowerPointpresentation.Thefutureofmeetingsisthattheywillhappenanywhereyouare,anytimeyouareawake.Businessesnowoftenhavetomakestrategyandplanandtakeactionquickly.Todothis,thepeopleinvolvedhavetocometogetherinsomeform,reviewthesituation,andmakeadecision.Moreandmore,thesepeopleareindifferentplaces,andmayevenspeakdifferentlanguages.Thesearethechallengesthatmodernmeetingtechnologiesneedtosolve.AdvancesincompressionandstreamingtechnologiesareallowinghigherandhigherqualityaudioandvideotransmissionovertheInternet,somanypeoplebelievesmall,affordableInternetmeetingtechnologiesarethefutureofmeetingswhenpeoplecan’tmeetfacetoface.2.WhyHaveaMeeting?Dependingonyourjob,youmaybeinvolvedinmeetingsonceaweekorseveraltimesaday.Manyworkteams,forexample,functionbymeetingtogetherformallyandinformallytodiscussworkplaceissues.Organizationsusemeetingstohelpco-ordinateactivitiesinvolvinganumberofpeopleorworkgroups.Meetingsareusedtonegotiatesales,investigateproblems,planevents,setupbusinessarrangements,developnewproceduresandsoon.Communitybodiesandsocialclubsalsohaveregularmeetings,soevenyoursparetimecanbetakenupinthisway.Meetingsoffermanybenefitstoanorganizationanditsmembers.Awell-runmeetingencouragesco-ordination—peoplecankeepup-to-datewithdevelopmentsandchanges,whichmeansbetterplanningandco-operationbetweensections.Meetingscangivepeopleanopportunitytoshareideasandhelpdevelopteamspirit.Otherbenefitsofwell-managedmeetingsincludegreaterorganizationalconsensusresultingfromcollaboration,andmoreeffectiveproblemsolving.Differentsituationsrequiredifferentkindsofmeetings.Dependingontheproblemtobesolved,thetypeofbusinesstobetransactedandthenatureofthegroupandleadershipstyle,youmightchoose:committeemeetings;conferences;informaldecision-makingsessions;conventions;generalstaffmeetings;formalboardmeetings;meetingstogiveinstructionsandtrainingsessions.3.MeetingOpeningWell,we’dbettermakeastart.Iwouldliketostartbywelcomingeveryone.Thisisthefirstmeetinginournewseriesofweeklymeetingsjustforengineers.Thereasonwhyweareheretodayistodiscussthetwomostimportantissueswewillbedealingwithnextmonth.Mostofyouhaveaskedmetoincludetheseontheagenda,andIhavedoneso.Asyoucanseeontheagenda,theseissuesare:first,therenovationofourlaboratory;andsecond,theselectionofthedesignteamforourPWCproject.Themeetingwillfinishatnoon.Thatgivesustwohours.Ordinarily,themeetingwilllastonlyonehour.ButIthinkthisfirstmeetingwillrequirealotofdiscussion,sinceyouarealleagertodiscussthetwoissuesontheagenda.So,let’sbeginwiththefirstitemofbusiness:therenovationofourlaboratory.Let’sbeginbygoingaroundthetableandgettingeveryone’sopinionbeforewehaveafreediscussion.Unit4BusinessPresentationsII.ListeningTask1.TheRoleofBusinessPresentationsAnyonewhoplansacareerinsales,training,oreducationexpectstomakemanyoralpresentationstocustomers,employees,orstudentseachweek.Whatyoumaynothaverealized,though,isthatalmosteveryoneinbusinesswillgiveatleastonemajorpresentationandmanysmalleroneseachyear,tocustomers,superiors,subordinates,orcolleagues—nottomentionpresentationsatvariouskindsofmeetings,civicclubsandthelike.Thecostsofeffectivepresentationsareimmense.Withmanymanagersearningbigsalaries,apresentationthatdiscussesideasincompletelyandineffectivelywastestimeandmoney.Salesarelost,vitalinformationisnotcommunicated,trainingprogramsfail,policiesarenotimplemented,andprofitsfall.Technologyisundoubtedlychangingthephysicalcharacteristicsoforalpresentationsinbusiness—forexample,bymakingpresentationspossibleviainteractivecomputerortelevisionratherthaninperson.Competentcommunicatorsrecognize,however,thatthecompellingeffectsofverbalandnonverbalcommunicationstrategiesthatarepossibleinoralpresentationswillcontinuetomakethemacriticalcommunicationcompetencyinthecontemporarybusinessorganization.2.HowtoOvercomePresentationNervesGoodmorning,everyone.Iwouldliketogiveyouabrieftalkonhowtoovercomepresentationnerves.It’simportanttothinkaboutwhypeoplegetnervousandtheeffectsnervescanhaveonyouwhenyoupresent.Thereareallsortsofsymptomsthatcanbecreatedthroughnerves.Andsometimestheycanmanifestthemselvesquitealotwhenpeoplepresent.Sothemoreyouareawareofthemandawareofthefactthatit’squitenormaltofeelnervousthenthemorethatyoucanactuallystarttoovercomethem.PreparingforthepresentationThefirstthingtothinkaboutispreparingyourselfforyourpresentation.Yourpreparationmayinvolvetheplanning,structuring,thevisualaids,etc.Butthere’salsoyou—thepresenterandhowbesttoprepareyourself.Obviouslythebenefitsofproperplanningareveryimportant—andwillcertainlyhelptoreducenerves. Howeverthereareotherthingsthatyoucandotofullytakecontrolofthenervesbeforeyoupresent.PhysicaltechniquesThebenefitsofbreathingareoftenoverlookedbutthisonesimpletechniquecanreallyhelptocalmyouandslowyoudown.Whenyouarenervousyouprobablyalsospeedupyourspeech.Socontrollingthespeedthatyouspeakatisagoodwaytohelpcontrolyournerves.Ofcourse,asyoucanimagine,therearelotsofotherphysicalstrategiesthatpeopleemploytohelpreducenervesandfocustheirminds.PsychologicaltechniquesTherearealsosomekeypsychologicaltechniquesthatyoucanapplytohelpyoutokickoutthosenegativethoughtsthatcancreepintoyourmindandreduceyourconfidence.Thesetechniquescanhelpyoutomaintainapositivementalattitudetowardsyourpresentationandhelpyouremain incontrolifanynegativethoughtsstarttocreepintoyourmind.Onetechniqueistoimaginethatthepresentationhasjusttakenplace–andthatitwassuccessful.Spendtimeimaginingthatsuccess—andhowyoufeelatthattime.Imaginethevoicesandothersoundsthatyouhearattheendofthepresentationandwhattheaudiences’faceslooklikeandwhatelseyoucanseeintheroom.Taketimetoimagineallofthepositivesaboutthepresentationthatmadeitasuccess.Alotofthetimeourimaginationfocusesonthenegatives—soforcingittofocusonthepositivecanhelptoturnthingsaroundandwillhelpbuildyourconfidence.RehearsingthepresentationRehearsingyourpresentationisessentialforpracticingandassessingyourtimekeeping,bodylanguage(suchaseyecontactandhandgestures),voiceprojection,paceofspeechandlogicalorderofcontent.Itgivespresentersachancetoamendtheirpresentationandenvisagehowtheywillgoaboutpresentingontheday.Itmaybeusefultorecordyourvoiceonamobilephone,orvideoyourselfandwatchitback,notinggoodpointsandareasforimprovement.Themorepresentationexperienceyouhavethemoreconfidentyouwillfeelandlessnervousyoubecome.Familiarizeyourselfwithseveraltechniquesforovercomingpresentationnervousnesssothatyournextspeakingengagementcanbeafunandrewardingexperience.3.ACTSystemsCorporationMyname’sJaneLittlefieldandI’mtheTechnicalandQualityManageratACTinLondonandworkwithintheMTD—theMaterialsTestingDivision,whichmakesequipmentusedbyindustrialfirmstotestthestrengthanddurabilityofmaterialslikeplastics,metalsandsoforth.We’reasubsidiaryofACTSystemsCorporation,anAmericanfirmbasedinSanFrancisco.ACTemploysabout2,880peopleworldwideandisaleadingsupplierofmechanicaltestingandsimulationequipment.OurmajordevelopmentandmanufacturingoperationsarelocatedintheUS,Britain,France,Germany,andAustraliaandwehavesalesandserviceofficesaroundtheworld.BeforeIdescribetheorganizationofmydepartment,I’lloutlinethestructurefromthetop,startingwithDavidJohnson,ourCEO,whooverseesallaspectsofouractivitieshere.JustbelowhimistheGeneralManager,BillHarry,whoismyimmediatesuperior.Thenthere’sEdwardBrown,theHumanResourcesDirector,andAliceWhite,theGM’sSecretary,whoalsoreportdirectlytohim.Wehaveamanagementteamthatincludesmyself,PeterSmith,theSalesManager,CatherineLee,theFinanceManager,andofcourse,SanjoyBose,whoisalsotheMarketingManager.Therearealsotwonewdepartments—CustomerServiceandNVD,theNoiseandVibrationDivision—headedbyLouisRegnierandAlanSeymourrespectively.Now,gettingbacktothewaymydepartmentisorganized,I’mresponsibleforoperations,soI’minchargeofPurchasingandPlanning,R&DandQuality.ThePurchasingandPlanningDepartmentschedulesproductionbasedonordersprovidedbythesalesteamandforecastsfromtheMarketingDepartment.InR&D,thereareaboutthreesub-departments—MechanicalEngineering,Electronics,andSoftwareEngineering—whichareinvolvedindevelopingnewproductsandmodifyingexistingproductstomeetcustomerdemands.TheyreceivetechnicalspecificationsfromtheMarketingDepartmentandprovidedrawings,apartslistandassemblyinstructions.ArvinMarshworkscloselywithmeonQuality—anareathattakesupnearlyathirdofmytime.Andfinallythere’stheheadofShipping,aswellasthepersoninchargeofAssembly,whoalsoreporttome.Unit5BusinessTravelII.ListeningTask1.TipsforTravellingAbroadIfyouplantotravelabroadeitherforbusinessorleisure,youshouldcheckthatyouhavemadeallthenecessaryarrangementstominimizetravelproblems.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoutomakeyourtraveleasierandsafer:1.Makesureyouhaveasigned,validpassportandvisas,ifrequired.Also,beforeyougofillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport.2.Registersothedepartmentconcernedcanbetterassistyouinanemergency.Thiswillhelpthemtocontactyouifthereisafamilyemergencyinyourcountry,orifthereisacrisiswhereyouaretraveling.3.Familiarizeyourselfwiththelocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretraveling.Remember,whileinacountry,YOUARESUBJECTTOITSLAWS!4.Make2photocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.This