新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1-6答案全精编版

……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………………综合学术英语教程3答案Unit1DefinitionKeystotheExercisesTask1FamiliarizingYourselfwithDefinitionReading1GreatLeapsinModernTechnology2.Technology,ontheotherhand,ismoreofanappliedscience.Itiswheretoolsandknowledgeareusedforthestudyofaparticularscience.Forexample,thescienceofenergycanhavetechnologyasitsapplication.Inthecaseofenergyasasubjectinscience,solarpanelscanbeusedforavarietyoftechnologies,anexampleofwhicharesolar-poweredlights.Fromthefollowingwebsite:http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-science-and-technology/#ixzz37toZQcugTask2UnderstandingLecturesthroughDefinitionListening11.phobia,hypnophobia,cynophobia,aerophobia2.1)T2)F3)F4)T5)T6)T7)F8)F3. Phobia Characteristics1 anextreme,irrationalresponse Characteristics2 long-lasting Characteristics3 uncontrollable Terms Definition Hypnophobia fearofsleep Cynophobia fearofdogs Aerophobia fearofflying CausesofPhobia Firsttheory Phobiaistheproblemitself;itislearned. Secondtheory Phobiaisasignofadeeperproblemapersonhas.Task3ReadingDefinitionArticles1.1)Indigenousknowledgemeansknowledgebelongingtothecountry,ratherthanbeingbroughttherefromanothercountry.2)Allthelistitemswillprobablybeincludedsincethetitleisratherbroadandgeneral.3)Foropendiscussion2.1)Internationalknowledgesystem.2)Knowledgecapital,physicalandfinancialcapital.3)Itcontainstheskills,experiencesandinsightsofpeople,appliedtomaintainorimprovetheir4)Medicineandveterinarymedicine.5)Itisconsideredthesocialcapital,meaninganessentialresourceforsurvivalandmeansofsustenanceandlivelihood.6)a)Itisinappropriatefornewchallengesoritadaptstooslowly;b)Theintroductionofforeigntechnologiesordevelopmentconceptsthatpromiseshort-termgainsorsolutionstoproblemsthattheycannotsustain.7)Agriculture,animalhusbandryandethnicveterinarymedicine,primaryhealthcare,preventivemedicineandpsychosocialcare,savingandlending.8)Ahighervarianceoftraits,lesssusceptibletothefrequentdroughts,reducerisks.9)a)Indigenousknowledgeisvitalforitsbearers;b)Becomefullyawareofitsvalueandcontributionstotheintendedobjectives;c)Itisanintegralpartofglobalknowledgeinitsownright.10)Anintegrationorcombinationofindigenousknowledgeandforeignknowledge.Reading2IndigenousKnowledge3.1)r.override2)j.expertise3)d.intimate4)a.unanimous5)g.intrusion6)u.dissemination7)c.insights8)l.susceptible9)n.incorporating10)f.vanish11)m.interaction12)s.scenario13)i.detrimental14)p.implement15)k.alleviation16)b.encompass17)o.validate18)h.impending19)e.interweave20)t.rational4.Forreference:Thetwoarticlesbothemploydefinitionsfortheintroductionofthetermsandexamplestovalidateeachfacet.Bothuseclassifications,descriptions,comparisonandcontrastforfurtheranalysis.Onebigdifferenceliesintheperspectivetoviewthetitle,withthefirstaratherholisticdiscussionrangingfromthestatusquotothesettlementoftheexistingproblemsandthesecondapartialfocusonchieflyitsapplications.Reading3Ultrasonics5.1)component2)accumulate3)spherical4)navigate5)fatigue6)harness7)version8)synonymous9)inhibit10)integrity11)uniform12)detect13)incidence14)monitor15)probe16)intensity17)convert18)proceed19)visualize20)inspect6.Attention:thereisamistakehere,thefirstshouldbePara.KPara.K—ePara.B—aPara.C—cPara.D—fPara.E—hPara.F—dPara.G—jPara.H—iPara.I—bPara.J—g7.1)E2)F3)Para.E4)E5)F6)Para.H7)Para.H8)E8.ForopendiscussionTask4WritinganEssayofDefinitionReading4DisruptiveTechnologies1. Parts Paragraphs MainIdeas SupportingDetails I A Definition:Disruptivetechnologiesaretechnologicalinnovationswhichdisruptorchangethestatusquoandthemarketforparticulartechnologies. Examples:flashmemory,digitalphotography,compressedairbatteries,gesture-basedinterfaces II B Significance:generateasubstantialimprovementoverexistingtechnology Classification:1)low-market2)new-market C FirstClassification:bothlow-andnew-market Examples:digitalcamera D SecondClassification:new-market Examples:telephone III E ThirdClassification:low-market Examples:netbook F Conclusion:Itisanythingbuteasytopredictwhenadisruptivetechnologywillworkwonders.Thebestpolicyistointegrateinvestment,researchanddevelopmentoncesuchtechnologyturnsouteffective. 5.Forreferenceonly1)Naturalbreathingwillbeprovidedbytherobotforthepatientduringsurgery.2)Thepressurewillhavetobereducedbyus.3)Allinstrumentsneedtobesterilized.4)Forus,somephysicalandtechnicalfactorsmaybeconsidered/takenintoconsideration.5)Ifwemakesustainedefforts,thereisachancethattheenvironmentwillbeimproved.6)Somespecificdemandsofthescientificestablishmenthavetobemade.7)Thepresenceofthecountryhasbeenfeltmorethaneverbythewholeworld.8)Itseemsthatotherexplanationsarehardtobefound.9)Theinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmentisbeingperceived.10)Thetestsworkmosteffectivelyifwhatwillbemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefined.IntegratedExercises2.1)component2)integrity3)mobilize4)option5)monitor6)navigate7)encompass8)compromise9)incorporate10)implement11)impending12)scenario3.1)Thesurveyencompassessocial,political,andeconomicaspectsofthesituation.2)Insomecountriespowerissynonymouswithcorruption.3)Thestrikeshutdownmanyairports,butinternationalflightswereunaffected.4)Thesceneryisbeautifulbutinaccessibletomostordinarytravelers.5)Theconflictdeprivedhimofthemeansoflivelihood.6)Suchanimalscanwithstandtheextremesofweather.7)TheriseinthetimespentontheInternetisconcomitantwiththemassivelossofsociability.8)ManyinventionssuchasgunpowderandthecompassoriginatedinChina.9)Thefrequencyofminingaccidentshasdecreasedoverthepast10years.10)Themaximumnumberofplacesofferedbythemedicalschoolfortheapplicantsis15.5.1)ScientistsshouldwarnpeopleaboutPM2.5andtheneedtorestricttheirchildren’soutdooractivitiestoavoideventheminimaldamage.2)Thelocalgovernmenthasimplementedadevelopmentprogramforthemountainclimberstoleavethesurroundingregionunaffected.3)Wecanreducetheriskstozerosincewearesureofwhatriskstheyarerunning.4)Tocombatyouranxiety,youshouldcompelyourselftovisualizeapromisingfutureinwhichaproblemhasalreadybeensettled.5)Heholdsthatdevelopedcountriesshouldbeheldaccountableforeconomicgrowthonaglobalscale.6)Trashisnotyetfullyutilized,leadingtooverlookingthepotentialinit.7)Alargenumberoffemaleschoosetheoptionofpersonalfinancetoachievecontroloftheirownlives.8)Theuniversityhasdecidedtoinvestintheprojectbecauseithasmanytechnicaladvantagesoverothersimilarones.9)Treescanprovideshelterforbothmanandanimals,whichwetendtooverlook.10)Wearetryingtoachieveasoundunderstandingofliberalartscourses,whichencompassesawiderangeofsubjects.Listening2A.(1)F(2)T(3)T(4)F(5)T(6)T(7)TB.(1)CloudingcomputingisabouttheprovisionofcomputerresourceslikeSaaS,PaaS,andinfrastructureprovisionwhileprivatecomputingisn’t.(2)67.(3)BecausetheIndustrialRevolutionisnotathing,anditcannotbedefinedbysomespecificproducts.Itisatransformationoratransitioninvolvingconcepts,ideas,waysofproduction,changingattitudes,etc.(4)Becauseitismorethanjusttechnology,asthespeakerfurthercomparesittoelectricity,whichhastransformedfromaninnovationtomuchmoreofautilityservice.(5)Ubiquitous.Listening3A.(1)C(2)B(3)A(4)C(5)DB.compressed,whisper,external,pockets,panic,assembly,psychological,reflection,simultaneous,architecture,figureout,legitimate,instantaneous,clicking,addictedC.(1)B,C(2)CUnit2ClassificationKeystotheExercisesTask1FamiliarizingYourselfwithClassification1.1)Man-madeoranthropogeniccauses,andnaturalcauses.2)Pollution(burningfossilfuels,miningcoalandoil,etc.),theproductionofCO2(theincreaseofpopulation,thedemolitionoftrees,etc.).3)CO2isagreenhousegasthattrapsheatintheEarth’satmosphere.4)Classificationhelpsustodetermineandunderstandtherelationshipofthepartsofasubjectwhichisstudiedbyus.Classificationismadeonthebasisofacleardefinition.5)Inordertomakeaclearandlogicclassification,oneneedstofollowaprincipleofclassificationandgoonwithasystemconsistently.Forexample,thecategoriesofclassificationshouldbemutuallyexclusiveandnooverlappingisallowed.Reading1CausesforGlobalWarming2.Coalisthemostabundantfossilfuelresource.Itprovidesaboutone-quarterofthetotalenergytheworlduses,and40percentoftheelectricitygeneratedworldwideispoweredbycoal.Thesteelindustryalsoisgreatlydependentuponthisfossilfuel.Likeotherdepletingsourcesofglobalenergy,coalreservesarealsoonasteepdecline.Moreover,coalisagreenhousegasnightmare.Naturalgasiscomprisedmostlyofmethane,althoughitalsocontainsethane,propaneandbutane.Itisaconvenientandefficientenergysource.Themajorconsumersofnaturalgasaretheresidential,commercialandindustrialsectors.Itisalsousedtogenerateelectricity.Unlikeotherfossilfuels,naturalgasiscleanerandcauseslesspollution.Likeotherfossilfuels,thisresourceisdepletingrapidly.Task2UnderstandingLecturesthroughClassificationListening11.Unconsciousmotivation,unconsciousconflict,theid,theego,thesuperego,etc.2.1)T2)F3)F4)F5)T6)F7)T8)F3.IdeaOne:TheexistenceofanunconsciousmotivationIdeaTwo:Thenotionofunconsciousdynamicsorconflict ThreePartsofPersonality Classifcations WorkingPrinciples PartOne id ThePleasurePrinciple PartTwo ego RealityPrinciple PartThree superego Notmentioned4.TherearetwointerestingideasinFreud’stheory:first,theexistenceofunconsciousmotivation;second,theconceptofunconsciousconflict.Freudbelievesthatunconsciousmotivationmightplayanimportantroleinalotofsituations,suchasmarriage,forgettingaperson’sname,callingoutthewrongnameetc.Inhisview,therearethreeprocessesgoingoninthehead,namely,id,egoandsuperego,whichareinviolentinternalconflict.Idfunctionson“thePleasurePrinciple”,whileegoworkson“theRealityPrinciple”andsuperegoistheinternalizedrulesofasociety.Egoisinbetweenidandsuperego.Task3ReadingClassificationArticlesReading2RenewableEnergySources—ABriefSummary1.1)Renewableenergyisenergywhichcomesfromnaturalresourcessuchassunlight,wind,rain,tides,andgeothermalheat,whicharerenewable(naturallyreplenished).2)eq\o\ac(□,√)Thepurposeofusingrenewableenergysources.eq\o\ac(□,√)Theclassificationofrenewableenergysources.eq\o\ac(□,√)Theexamplesofdifferenttypesofrenewableenergysources.eq\o\ac(□,√)Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvarioustypesofrenewableenergysources.eq\o\ac(□,√)Thehistoryoftheuseofdifferentenergysources.□Howenergyisobtainedfromvarioussources.3)Iwouldwrite:(1)Thedefinitionoftherenewableenergy.(2)Theclassificationoftherenewableenergy.(3)Theadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofvarioustypesofrenewableenergysources.2.1)ThesigningoftheKyotoTreaty.2)Itconvertsthesun’sraysintoenergy.3)Themaindemeritisthatitislimited.4)Sailors,farmersandarchitects.5)Themainadvantageisthatthisdoesn’tproduceanyby-productsthatcanbeharmfultotheenvironment.6)BecausetheEarth’scrustcontinuouslydecays,replenishingtheheat.7)Theyusetheforceofthewatertopushtheturbinewhichinturnpowersageneratorthusgeneratingelectricity.8)Itposesaproblemforfishandaquaticplantsonbothsidesofthedam.9)Theycontainnopetroleum,andtheyarenontoxicandbiodegradable.10)TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.3.1)j.evolution2)s.solar3)a.architect4)l.geothermal5)p.preserve6)b.biodegradable7)r.radioactive8)f.crusade9)h.distribute10)q.radiant11)i.domestic12)t.validation13)k.generator14)d.capture15)g.definitely16)n.install17)e.consumption18)m.harness19)o.internal20)c.bladeReading3TypesofPollution5.1)voluntary2)construction3)contamination4)eruption5)regulation6)deforestation7)yield8)irrigation9)confine10)sewage11)hazardous12)residential13)vapor14)decay15)erosion16)disrupt17)particulate18)underground19)concentration20)combat6. Paragraphs Mainideas (_k_)Para.A a.Definitionandsourcesofnoisepollution. (_s_)Para.B b.Characteristicsofradioactivepollution (_z_)Para.C c.Effectsofwaterpollution. (_f_)Para.D d.Consequencesofradiationpollution. (_o_)Para.E e.Causesofthermalpollution. (_x_)Para.F f.Effectsofairpollution. (_c_)Para.G g.Problemscausedbythermalpollution. (_y_)Para.H h.Undesirableresultscausedbylightpollution. (_q_)Para.I i.Damagescausedbynoisepollution. (_v_)Para.J j.Causesandharmsofvisualpollution. (_a_)Para.K k.Ageneraldescriptionofthe9recognizedsourcesofpollution. (_i_)Para.L l.Sourcesofradioactivepollution. (_b_)Para.M m.Effectsofvisualpollution. (_l_)Para.N n.Sourcesofvisualpollution. (_d_)Para.O o.Whatiswaterpollution. (_w_)Para.P p.Definitionandsourcesofpersonalpollution. (_e_)Para.Q q.Soilpollutionsources. (_g_)Para.R r.Theinterrelationsamongallkindsofpollution. (_u_)Para.S s.Thedefinitionofairpollution. (_h_)Para.T t.Howtoeliminatepersonalpollution. (_j_)Para.U u.Definitionandsourcesoflightpollution. (_n_)Para.V v.Problemscausedbysoilpollution (_m_)Para.W w.Definitionofthermalpollution. (_p_)Para.X x.Causesofwaterpollution. Paragraphs Mainideas (_t_)Para.Y y.Definitionofsoilpollution. (_r_)Para.Z z.Sourcesofairpollution.7. Paragraphs(MarkedI,orEorF) Statements Para.Z 1)Aknowledgeofdifferentpollutiontypesenablesapersontochangehislifestyle. E 2)Thermalpollutioniscausedbytoomuchheatwhichcreatesunfavorableeffectsoveralongtime. Para.D 3)Iftheairisfilledwithahighconcentrationofpollutants,itwouldleadtoobviousproblems. Para.L 4)Noisepollutionmayleadtodeafnessorinterruptthenormallifeofwildanimals. Para.E 5)Waterpollutionmayresultinaninsufficientsupplyofdrinkablewater. F 6)Sincevisualpollutioncausesfewimmediatehealtheffects,itisnotseriousatall. Para.H 7)Soilpollutionmaybebothintendedandunintended. E 8)Oversmokinganddrinkingbelongstopersonalpollution.8.Mysummaryis:Evenifsolarenergyislimited,itenjoysalonghistoryandhasbeenadvancingconstantly,thusenablingustoconvertheatintoelectricity,whichcanbestored,readyforuse.Task4WritinganEssayofClassificationReading4TypesofSustainability1. Parts Paragraphs Mainideas Supportingdetails I A Classificationofsustainability:human,economic,social,andenvironmental. Itisvitaltounderstandthedifferencesofeachintermsofitsnatureandrequirements. II B Definitionofhumansustainability:goodproductivehealthandsafechildbearing. Elementsinvolved:Forparents:caringfortheirchildren,givingthemaccesstopropereducation,andpromotingtheirhealthandwell-being.Forchildren:havingenoughskillsandknowledge. C Definitionofeconomicsustainability:havingasetamountofcapitalforacertainperiod. Explanation(relationbetweenpreservationandconsumption):Wemustpreservealloursourcesasweconsumethem. D Whysocialcapitalisimportant:Itisthroughcommunitiesandcivilsocietiesthathumankindcaneasilyandinexpensivelyworktogether. Explanation(howtoachieveit):Throughpropermaintenanceofandadherencetolaws,rules,andvaluesthatsocietieshavedevelopedforthecommongood,socialsustainabilitycanbeachieved. E—F Whyenvironmentalsustainabilityisimportant:Itinvolvesnaturalresourcesthathumanbeingsneedforeconomicormanufacturedcapital. Elementsinvolved:Naturalresources:Materialstakenfromnatureareusedforsolutionsthataddresshumanneeds.Wasteemissions:Theymustbeatvolumesthatnaturecanhandle.5.1)Declarativesentencesaremostlyemployedinacademicwriting,despitetheoccasionalutilizationsofinterrogativesentences.2)Tosupportthetruths,reliableevidenceisquotedbyscholarsinalldisciplines.3)Muchimportanceshouldbeattachedtothecomprehensionofthedifferencebetweeneducationandtraining.4)Apersonwhoexposeshimselftothesunlightforexcessivetimeissusceptibletomalignantmelanoma.5)Studentsdoingtemporaryjobsdisplayabetterperformanceintheiracademicstudies.6)AmericanfrontierisdeeplyrootedinmanyaspectsofAmericancharacter.7)ThedirectinvolvementofmanyaforeigncountryisevidentintheprocessofUSterritorialexpansion.8)Parentsneedtoequippedwithmuchcareandknowledgewhileraisingakid.9)Environmentplaysavitalroleinthegrowthofplants.10)Inthepast,Beijingwasravagedbyduststormsfor20daysannually.IntegratedExercises2.1)motivation2)demolish3)symptom4)combat5)capture6)distribute7)assert8)yield9)internal10)emergence11)adherence12)disrupt3.1)Internetaccessisavailableinthestudents’dormitory.2)Ifyoucanharnessyourenergy,you’llberewardedwithhugeaccomplishments.3)Ithasbeenconfirmedthatfoulweatherishighlyhazardousforseanavigation.4)Thegovernmentalnuclearwastedisposalplanarousedfierceprotestsfromthelocalresidents.5)Extinctionofthisrarespeciesofbirdisforeseeableifeffectivemeasuresarenottaken.6)Whiledeliveringapublicspeech,aspeakermustarticulatehis/herarguments.7)Ihighlyesteemhiscurrentresearchonstemcells.8)Aspeakercannotalwayssecurethecooperationoftheaudience.9)Thecarindustryofthiscountryisshelteredbyitsgovernmentfromforeigncompetition.10)Evenamoderateelevationofbloodpressureleadstoshortenedlifeexpectancys.5.1)Theeffectivedisposaloftherecognizedsourcesofpollutiondemonstratestobeofgreataidintheelevationofpeople’squalityoflife.2)Sincetherapidevolutionoftechnology,thelifestylesofthegenerationsaheadofuswillwitnessarevolutionizedchange.3)TappingheatfromtheEarthenablestheresidentsofresource-poorregionstocombatthepoorconditions.4)Thedownsideofthepracticeoffertilizingthesoilbyburningstrawsisthefactthatthereleaseddustsandparticlesposeaseriousproblemforthehealthoftherespiratorysystem.5)Thiscampaign,organizedbyenvironmentallyconsciousindividuals,hasameasurableeffectonthegeneralimprovementofallthepeople’senvironmentalprotectionawareness.6)Thehistoryofdeforestationcandatebacktotwomillenniumsago,whichhasdeterioratedconstantlyinthemoderntimes,leadingtoahugelossofwildlifehabitat.7)DuringthevisittoHuangshan(YellowMountain),thetouristswereamazedathownatureworkswonders,realizingthatbeautyisonlysustainableifallofuscarefortheenvironmentaroundus.8)Drugabuseisageneraldegradationoflifestyle,causingimmediatehealtheffects.9)Oilleakageinthemainstreamriverconsiderablydecreasesthequantityofdrinkablewater;what’sworse,theadverseeffectsarenotconfinedtoareasnearthesource.10)Luckily,thepollutioninflictedbythisaccidentwillbeeffectivelyremovedthroughnaturalcycles,nothavinganegativeimpactontheenvironment.Listening2A.(1)T(2)F(3)F(4)F(5)T(6)F(7)FB.(1)Theindividual’spotentialandtheimportanceofgrowthandself-actualization.(2)Thelowerone.(3)Byprovidinglunchbreaks,restbreaksandsufficientwagestopurchaseessentials.(4)Theloveandbelongingneeds.(5)Theyareself-aware,concernedwithpersonalgrowth,lessconcernedwiththeopinionsofotherpeople,andinterestedinfulfillingtheirpotential.C.ThislectureisaboutMaslow’stheoryofthehierarchyofneeds,namelyphysiologicalneeds,safetyneeds,socialneeds,esteemneeds,andself-actualizationneeds.Physiologicalneedsarethemostbasicandinstinctiveones,whichmustbesatisfiedfirst.Safetyneedsrefertotheneedsforsafetyandsecurity,alsoimportantforsurvival.Socialneedsincludetheneedsforbelonging,loveandaffection,thedeprivationofwhichleadstounhappiness.Esteemneedsreflectonpersonalworth,socialrecognitionandaccomplishment;ifunmet,itmayleadtoinferioritycomplex.Self-actualizationneedsareatthehighestlevel,meaningtorealizeaperson’sfullpotential,capacitiesandtalents.Listening3A.(1)A(2)A(3)D(4)C(5)BB.classically,runnynose,sorethroat,intrigued,initially,clinically,alludesto,buildingup,immune,alongside,shuffling,ripthrough,hospitalizationsC.(1)BCE(2)①ABC②AB③AB④AB⑤ABC⑥C⑦A⑧A⑨A⑩ACUnit3ComparisonandContrastKeystotheExercisesTask1FamiliarizingYourselfwithComparisonandContrast1.1)Electricvehiclesandgasvehicles.2)Theenergytheyused,thedistance,thecostandconvenience.3)Theelectricvehiclesandgasvehiclessharesomesimilarities:theappearanceofmusclecars,allthestandardfeaturesandtheyevenperformsimilarly.Thedifferencesarelistedbelow: Differences Electricvehicles Gasvehicles Energy lithium-ionbatteryisused,sofarlessenergy guzzlingV8engineisused,sofarmoreenergy Distance 150—200miles 14milespergalloninthecityand22onthehighway Cost $6to$12aweek $5agallon Convenience manypeopleandmuchenergyareusedtorefuel onlyneedtoplugandrechargeitintoaoutlet4)Thewritercomparesandcontrastsbothvehiclesitemafteritem.Insuchapattern,thewriterstructureshisparagrapharoundpointsofcomparison,movingbackandforthbetweenthesubjects.5)Theformerone—listallsimilaritiesofthetwosubjects,thentheirdifferences.Reading1ElectricVehicl