《浅滩》的生态女性主义研究

学校代码：_10126_学号:31605012分类号：__________编号：_____________论文题目AStudyofShallowsfromthePerspectiveofEco-feminism《浅滩》的生态女性主义研究学院：外国语学院专业：英语语言文学研究方向：澳大利亚文学姓名：王文钰指导教师：宋敏教授2019年6月4日内蒙古大学AStudyofShallowsfromthePerspectiveofEco-feminismbyWangWenyuUndertheSupervisionofProfessorSongMinSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsFortheDegreeofMasterofArtsEnglishDepartmentForeignLanguagesCollegeInnerMongoliaUniversityJune2019原创性声明本人声明：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行的研宄工作及取得的研究成果。除本文已经注明引用的内容外，论文中不包含其他人己经发 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得内蒙古大学及其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。学位论文作者签名：指导教师签名：矣於日期：ｌｙ日期：在学期间研究成果使用 承诺书 安全生产承诺书免费下载六级承诺书下载诚信承诺书下载个人承诺书下载个人承诺书下载 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 ，Ｂ卩：内蒙古大学有权将学位论文的全部内容或部分保留并向国家有关机构、部门送交学位论文的复印件和磁盘，允许编入有关数据库进行检索，也可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。为保护学院和导师的知识产权，作者在学期间取得的研究成果属于内蒙古大学。作者今后使用涉及在学期间主要研究内容或研究成果，须征得内蒙古大学就读期间导师的同意；若用于发表论文，版权单位必须署名为内蒙古大学方可投稿或公开发表。学位论文作者签名：指导教师签名：日期：６＇＾日期：＼＼ＤｅｃｌａｒａｔｉｏｎＩｈｅｒｅｂｙｄｅｃｌａｒｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｓｕｂｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｉｓｍｙｏｗｎｗｏｒｋａｎｄｔｈａｔ，ｔｏｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｆｍｙｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅａｎｄｂｅｌｉｅｆ，ｉｔｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓｎｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｏｒｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｂｙａｎｏｔｈｅｒｐｅｒｓｏｎｏｒｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｔｏａｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｅｘｔｅｎｔｂｅｅｎａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅａｗａｒｄｏｆａｎｙｏｔｈｅｒｄｅｇｉｅｅｏｒｄｉｐｌｏｍａａｔａｎｙｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｒｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ，ｅｘｃｅｐｔｗｈｅｒｅｄｕｅａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｍｅｎｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｉｎｔｈｅｔｅｘｔ．Ｓｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅ：＾ｔｉｋＮａｍｅ：＼Ｍ／ＭＵＶ＾ｌ＾Ｄａｔｅ：：ＩｉｉｉivACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirstofall,themostgratitudewillbedirectlygiventomysupervisor,ProfessorSongMin.Duringthewholeprocessofthisthesis,sheoffersgreathelptomewithherbroadknowledgeandpatientattitude.Fromthechoiceofthethemetothecompletionofthisthesis,sherectifiesittimeandtimeagainverycarefully,fromthemacroscopicstructuretotinygrammaticalmistakes,whichisquitesignificantformetofinishthetask.Withoutherpatienceandhelp,thethesiscannotgetitsshape.Ialsowouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheteachersofmyuniversity.Inthefirstyearofmystudy,itisthemwholaythefoundationofmylearningabilityinmymajorandtheresearchofthethesis.Duringthewholeprocessofmystudy,theirpassionforworkandpursuitofacademiccareerhaveabigeffectonme.ThenIwanttogivemythankstomyclassmatesandfriends.Intheprocessofmythesis,theyoffermemanysuggestionsaboutthestructureandformat;wheneverImeetdifficulties,theywouldalwayskindlyencouragemeandhelpmetofindoutthewaytosolvetheproblem.FinallyIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetomyfamily.Theyunconditionallysupportmeinmaterialandspirit,andjustwantmetobeabetterpersonandleadahappierlife.WhateverobstacleIencounterintheprocessofthethesis,theyaremystrongestbackupforce.vABSTRACTTimWintonisawell-knownwriterofAustralia,whobeginswritingatanearlyage.ShallowsisthefirstnovelwhichwinsMilesFranklinAwardforhim,themostsignificantawardofliteratureinAustralia.Thenumberofresearchesonthisnovelislimited.Asaresult,thisthesistriestostudyShallowsfromanewperspective:eco-feminism.Undertheguidanceofthistheory,thisthesismainlydoesfollowingwork:Aseco-feminismputs,comparedwithmales,femalesbearacloserrelationshipwithnature.Sothisthesisfirstsearchesforthesimilaritiesbetweenfemalesandnaturethatmakethetwointimate.Theresultisthat,femaleslovenature,includingplants,animals,waterandairofit,allofwhichmakefemalesfeelrelaxedandconfident;females’fateconnectstothealternationofseasonsinnature:springmeansfreechildhoodfullofhopesinfemales’life;summerstandsforromanticloveandhappymarriagelifeoffemales;autumnrepresentsthesufferingsandpainsthatfemalesgothrough;andfinally,winter,isthedarkestandloneliestperiodoffemales’life.What’smore,thisthesisfindsoutanotherimportantsimilaritybetweenfemalesandnature,thatis,boththetwoareforcedtoamarginalpositionofhumanculture.Femalesareprejudicedandoppressedbymales,whilenatureisexploitedanddestroyedbyhumanbeings.Thenhowfemalesandnaturebecomethevictimisalsoexploredbythisthesis.Undertheguidanceofeco-feminism,thisthesisdiscoversthatbothnatureandfemalesfightagainstthesufferingsintheirownways,andfemalesshouldandhavethecapabilitytofightagainsttheoppressionandprejudicesnotjustforthemselves,butalsofornature.viIntheend,thisthesisdrawstheconclusionwhichisincoincidencewiththeaimofeco-feminism:onlybysubvertingthenotionofmalesupremacyandhumansupremacy,andreconstructingtherelationshipbetweentwogendersandthatbetweenhumanbeingsandnature,canfemalesandnaturebeliberatedcompletely;sothatmales,femalesandnaturecangetalongharmoniouslyandcreateabetterfuture.Keywords:Shallows;eco-feminism;similarity;revoltvii摘要蒂姆·温顿是澳大利亚的知名作家，很早就开始从事写作。《浅滩》是第一部为他获得澳大利亚文学中最重要的奖项——迈尔斯·富兰克林奖的长篇小说。关于这本小说的研究数量并不多。本文试图以一个新的角度去 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 《浅滩》这部小说：生态女性主义。在此理论的指导下，本文主要做了如下研究：正如生态女性主义认为，与男性相比，女性和自然有着更亲密的关系。本文首先探索了女性和自然之间的相似性，正是这些相似性使得二者的关系更加亲密。研究结论表明，女性热爱自然，那里是植物、动物、水和空气存在的地方，这一切都令女性感到轻松，并赋予她们勇气。女性的命运也和自然界四季的变迁有着紧密的联系：春天意味着女性充满希望的童年，夏天代表了她们拥有了浪漫的爱情和幸福的婚姻生活，秋天是她们经历痛苦和磨难的时期，冬天是女性一生中最黑暗和孤独的日子。除此之外，本文也发现了女性和自然之间其他重要的相似性，那就是二者同属于受压迫者：女性受男性歧视和压迫，同时自然被人类疯狂掠夺和破坏。之后，本文又探索了导致自然和女性受害者命运的原因。在生态女性主义理论的指导下，本文又探索了自然和女性对悲惨遭遇发起的反抗，并且认为女性应该并且有能力反抗压迫和偏见，不仅为了自己，而且为了自然。最后，本文得出了和生态女性主义如出一辙的结论：只有颠覆人们男性至上和人类至上的观念，重构两性以及人类和自然之间的关系，女性和自然才能够彻底地解放，从而男性、女性和自然之间可以更加和谐地相处，共同创造更美好的未来。关键词：《浅滩》，生态女性主义，相似性，反抗viiiTABLEOFCONTENTSACKNOWLEGEMENTS.............................................................................................iivABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................v摘要.................................................................................................................................viiChapterOneINTRODUCTION...................................................................................11.1AnIntroductiontotheAuthorandHisWorks......................................................11.2TheBackgroundofThisResearch.......................................................................41.3TheStructureofThisThesis................................................................................5ChapterTwoLITERATUREREVIEW........................................................................72.1AnIntroductiontoEco-feminism.........................................................................72.1.1TheconnotationandprinciplesofEco-feminism......................................72.1.2TheEco-feministLiteraryCriticism..........................................................82.2CurrentStudiesofTimWinton’sWorksAbroad..................................................92.3CurrentStudiesofTimWinton’sWorksatHome..............................................13ChapterThreeTHESIMILARITIESBETWEENFEMALESANDNATURE.....153.1TheConnectionbetweenFemalesandNature...................................................153.1.1Queenie’sintimacywithnature................................................................153.1.2Queenie’slifeembodiedinseasonsofnature..........................................183.2TheOppressionoverNatureandFemales.........................................................243.2.1Humanbeings’destructiontonature........................................................243.2.2Humanbeings’damagetoanimals...........................................................263.2.3Males’attitudetowardsfemales...............................................................283.3DeepCausesofDominationoverNatureandFemales......................................32ChapterFourFEMALES’ANDNATURE’SREVOLT...........................................35ix4.1StruggleofFemales............................................................................................354.1.1Queenie’sstruggle....................................................................................354.1.2Marian`sstruggle......................................................................................384.2RevengefromNature.........................................................................................394.2.1Influenceonhumandailylife...................................................................404.2.2Alienationofhumanbeings......................................................................41ChapterFiveTHEGOALOFECO-FEMINISM......................................................445.1HarmoniousRelationshipbetweenMalesandFemales.....................................445.2HarmoniousRelationshipbetweenHumanBeingsandNature.........................49ChapterSixCONCLUSION.......................................................................................556.1MajorFindings...................................................................................................556.2LimitationoftheStudyandSuggestionforFutureStudies...............................57WORKSCITED............................................................................................................581ChapterOneINTRODUCTIONTimWintonwasborninapolicefamilyinWesternAustralia,andspendshischildhoodinaseasidetown.HehasfalleninlovewithliteraturesinceaveryyoungageandbecomesanimportantwriterinAustralia.Shallowsisoneofhisearliestnovels,whichtellsastoryaboutwhale-killingandwhale-protecting.Inthischapter,amainintroductiontotheauthortogetherwithhisworks,thebackgroundandthestructureofthisthesiswillbeput.1.1AnIntroductiontotheAuthorandHisWorksWintonisacontemporaryAustralianwriterwhoisknownasachildprodigy.Aftergraduationfrommiddleschool,heenterstheuniversitytolearnliterature.Helovesliteraturefromayoungage.Hebeginstowritepoemsateightornineyearsold,devoteshimselftowritingaftergraduatingfromthemiddleschool,andfinishesfortyorfiftystoriesinthelatertwoyearswithoutbeingpublished.Attheageoftwenty-one,hisfirstnovelAnOpenSwimmercomesout,andhebecomesaprofessionalwriteroneyearlater.HeisregardedasthemostprolificandprestigiousyoungwriterintheAustralianliteraryworld.Uptonow,hehaspublishedtwenty-oneworks,amongwhichareeightnovels,foursetsofstories,sixchildren’snovelsandmanyothernon-fictionworks.Someofthemaretranslatedintwenty-fivelanguagesandothersareadaptedfortelevision.Hisworkshavewonliteraryawardsformanytimes;forexample,hisShallows(1984),CloudStreet(1991),DirtMusic(2001)andBreath(2008)winMilesFranklinAward,thehighestawardinAustralianliterary,forfourtimes,whichalsomakeshimthefirstwriterwhowinstheawardforthemosttimes.What’smore,his2worksofTheRiders(1994)andDirtMusic(2001)arenominatedtwicefortheBookerPrize.In1998,TimWintonisselectedasAustralia’s“NationalTrust”andreceivesthe“AustralianAchievementAward”;laterin2006heisnamedoneofthe“100MostInfluentialAustralians.”Inrecentyears,heevenappearsontheoccasionthatwasonceexclusivetotheQueen:thestampsofAustralia’sWorldTreasuresseries,beingtheyoungestoneofthesixwriterswiththishonor(He448).DespiteWinton’snovelsbeardifferencesincontentsandskills,therearesomecommonalities:first,whathepaysattentiontoaretheresidentsinsmallplaces,wholiveinthelowermiddlesociety.Mostoftheplaceswherethestorieshappenarebeachesandtownsnearthesea,becauseWintonismostfamiliarwiththem.Mostcharactersunderhispenareyoungsters,whoarenotgoodatwordsandalwaysfeelpowerlesswhilefacingtherealityofallkindsofsituation,whichcanbereflectedbytherolesinAnOpenSwimmer,ShallowsandThatEye,thesky.Whencreatingtheseworks,Wintonisatthesimilarageasthoseyoungstersinnovels,sohecangraspthefeaturesoftheirbehaviorsandpsychologyaccurately.Secondly,theyounginhisnovelarealwaysguidedbyanelderwhentheyareintroubleoftheirlife;however,interestingly,theseelderswhothinktheycanhelptheyoung,finallyallfailtosolvetheirownproblems.ThereasonswhyWintonarrangessoarefollowing:firstisthathedoesnotwanttorelyonSaviorwhichiscriticizedinthehistoryofliteratureformanytimes;secondisthatheaimstoprovethattheproblemsmetbytheyoungcannotbesolvedbytheelder,andtheyshouldlearntosettledownthedifficultiesduringtheirgrowingup.What’smore,therearealwaysthecontentsandideasoftheBibleshatteringamongthewordsandsentencesofthenovel,whichproducesapropheticresonanceinthetextandmakesthecharacterreachastateofloftysolemnity.Lastbutnottheleast,theendsofhisnovelsareinclinedtobeopen,whichleavesspaceforreaderstoexplorethesolutionoftheproblems(Huang289-290).Inadditiontohisnovels,Winton’sstoriesarealsoexcellent,whichinheritthestyleoftraditionalstoriesofAustralia.Heneverconstructstheplotelaboratelyorpaysmuchattentiontothenarrativestyle.Thelanguageisjustcasual,plainandmellow,whose3toneisverynaturalandtheauthordoesnotinterveneandjustclearlystatesobjectively.Inadvertently,thereisoftenanAustralian-stylenarrative,thatis,theauthormaintainshisplaincomposure,butthereaderscannothelplaughing,inspiredbyWinton’suniqueobservationsandvividdetailsthatoftenarousethereader’sdeepthoughts.TheprotagonistsofShallowsaretwoyoungpersons:CleveandhiswifeQueenie,betweenwhomtheconflictcomesintobeing.AtawhalingstationinWesternAustralia,Queeniewasborninawhalingfamily,butsheisaloyalenvironmentalistwhoparticipatesintheprotesttofightagainstwhaling;however,Cleveisinfavorofwhaling,andthedisagreementbetweenthemseparatesthemfromeachother.Duringthisperiod,hecarefullyreadsthewhalinglogsleftbyhiswife’sancestors,whichmakeshimhaveabetterunderstandingofthecrueltyandbloodinessofthewhalingprocess,andgraduallyhassomechangesinhismind.Atlast,thesolutionoftheconflictbetweenthemattributestotheactionofwhalesthemselves.Ahugenumberofwhalesswimtotheshallowandkillthemselves,whichmakesthewitnessesshockedanddeeplysad.Finallythecouplemakeuptheirrelationshipandgotoseekwhalestogether.ShallowsoutlinesarelativelyclosedlifestyleofseveralgenerationsinAustralia’sremoteareasaboutwhalingandanti-whalinginacoastaltownandthechangesintheirvalueswhichmakethemfeelconfusedandinextricable.WhatWintondescribesisordinarybutoftencontainsprofoundtruth.HearrangesapendantdetailwhenportrayingtheentanglementsbetweenlifeandcharactersofcontemporaryAngelus,thatis,thejournaldiscoveredunintentionallybyCleverecordsandreproducesthelivingconditionsandwhalingactivitiesmorethanonehundredyearsago,thusextendingtheerareflectedinthenovel,enhancingtheepicfeaturesofthenovelandalsoexpandingtheconnotationofit,allofwhichmakeShallowsarichandsolidlifehistoryofthesmalltowninwesternAustralian.Winton’screativeeffortsaremainlyintheuseoflanguage.Heisgoodatusingcarefullyselectedwords,meticulouslydescribingthechangingweather,thechaoticscenes,thestirringsea,theweirdscenesandtheundulatinglife.“Wintonexploressecrets,love,death,remorse,maturity,etc.byhisskillfultechnique;thatis,maturity4giveshumansbetter,oratleastdifferentoutlooksonlife”(Robin141).Thewordsinhisnovelsareveryexquisite,whichareveryabstractbutclearlyexpressspecificconceptsendowedwithprofoundmeaning.1.2TheBackgroundofThisResearchInrecentyears,worksofTimWintonwhichfocusontheproblemsofenvironmentaswellastherelationshipbetweentwogendersareattractingmoreandmorecritics’attention.Astheworlddevelops,thepollutionofcreatures’habitatshasbecomemoreandmoreserious,whichthreatenstheirsurvivalaswell;ontheotherhand,sincethestartofprotectingtheenvironment,femaleshavebeentakingpartpositively(Chen5).Eco-feminism,whichcombinesfemalesandnaturethatareboththevictimsinpatriarchysociety,isanewwayforustounderstandawork.AsforShallows,therearefewresearchesonit.Thisthesistriestousethenewmeansofeco-feminismtoanalyzethisworkofWinton,soastoprovidesomeideasforthesolutionoftheconflictamongmales,femalesandnature.Thisresearchaimstosolvethefollowingquestionsindetails:(1)HowareecologicalandfeministideasreflectedinShallows?(2)Howtointerprettherelationshipbetweenfemalesandnaturewiththemethodofeco-feminisminShallows?(3)Howtointerprettherelationshipbetweentwogendersbyusingthemethodofeco-feminisminShallows?(4)WhatconclusioncanbedrawnbyanalyzingShallowswiththemethodofeco-feminism?Eco-feminismisatheorycombiningfeminismandecologismtogether,whichclaimsthatfemalesbearacloserrelationshipwithnaturethanthatbetweenmalesandnature.Allthesemovementsaimtofoundaharmoniousworldwithoutprejudiceoroppression.Sincethepublicationofthenovel,thestudiesofitareverylimited,mostofwhicharefromtheperspectiveofecologism.Sothisthesistriestoanalyzethenovelinanew5aspectofeco-feminism,whichmaybecomeameaningfulresearch.Besides,byexploringtherelationshipamongmales,females,andnature,wemayhaveamorethoroughcomprehensionofWinton’sworldview.Wintonwearsaponytailuptonow,asymbolofHippiein1960sand1970s,whichmeansthathenevergivesupwhataHippieclaims:protectingtheenvironmentandanimals,callingforequalitybetweenmalesandfemales,etc.Finally,analyzingthenovelinthismethodhasrealisticmeanings.Asthesocietyandtechnologydeveloprapidly,theproblemofenvironmentandtheharmofanimals’diversitybecomemoreandmoreserious.Thisresearchundertheguideofeco-feminismcanremindusoftheresponsibilityanddutythathumanbeingsshouldtakeon.Aharmoniousworldwheremales,femalesandnaturegetonwellwitheachotherneedseveryone’seffort.1.3TheStructureofThisThesisTherearefivepartsofthisthesis.ChapterOneisabasicintroductiontotheresearch,whichincludesabriefintroductiontotheauthorandhisworks,thebackgroundofthisstudyandthestructureofthisthesis.ChapterTwotalksabouttheliteraturereviewandtheoreticalframeworkwhichconsistsoftwoparts:oneisthecurrentstudiesofWinton’sworksathomeandabroad,theotherpartisanintroductiontoeco-feminism.Chapterthreeandfourarethemainbodyofthestudy.Firstitexplainsthesimilaritiesbetweenfemalesandnature.FemalesbearconnectionwithnatureintwoaspectsinShallows:Queenie’sintimacywithnatureandQueenie’slifeembodiedinseasonsofnature.What’smore,femalesaresimilartonaturebecausetheyarebothoppressed.First,natureisdestroyedbyhumanbeings;atthesametime,malesholdtheprejudicesagainstfemales;finallyhumanbeingsdoalotofharmtoanimals.IntheendofChapterThree,thecausesofdominationovernatureandfemalesarediscussed.InChapterFour,theresponsesofnatureandfemalesaswellasthepurposeofthisthesisareexpressed.Firstfemalesandnaturerevoltagainsttheoppressionanddominationtheyhavesufferedfrom;byanalyzingtheirrevolt,thegoalofharmonybetweennatureandhumanbeings,andbetweentwogenderscriesoutitssignificance.Thecontentof6thelastchapteristheconclusionofthisthesiswhichconsistsofmajorfindingsandlimitationofthestudy,alongwiththesuggestionsforthefuturestudies.7ChapterTwoLITERATUREREVIEW2.1AnIntroductiontoEco-feminismEco-feminismis“acontemporarypoliticalmovementoperatingonthetheorythattheideologieswhichauthorizeinjusticesbasedongender,race,andclassarerelatedtotheideologieswhichsanctiontheexploitationanddegradationoftheenvironment”(Garrad1).Itisanemergingword,whosefirstappearancecameintopeople’sviewin1974,whenitwasputforwardbyafeministofFrance.Shecoinsanewconceptionwhichiswidelyknownaseco-feminism,theinspirationofwhichcomesfromthefeministmovementreferringtotheecologicalproblems,especiallyanorganizationcalled“Ecology-feminismresearchcenter”setupatthattime.Sinceformed,ithasreceivedwideapprovalfromplentyoffeminists.Inthemeanwhile,AmericanscholarLestellaKingintroducedthenotionintoclassroominstructionin1976,andheldaforumincludinghundredsofpeoplenamed“FemaleandLivesonEarth”in1980sasoneofinitiators,andpositivelypromotedthedevelopmentofeco-feminismandthesocialmovementofit(Chen6-7).Afterthat,moreandmoreresearchescameintobeingandscholarsbegantosupportthetheory,whichthrivesalotwiththehelpofitsadvocatesofallkindsofdomainsandcountries.2.1.1TheconnotationandprinciplesofEco-feminismThenameofeco-feminismshowsthecloserelationshipbetweenfeministmovementandecologicalmovementwhichcallforbroadmassesoffemalestolaunch8anecologicalmovementtorescuetheearth.Itisthethirdwaveoffeminism,whichnotonlyincludestheconflictsanddialogueswithsocialecology,butalsohascriticismandtranscendenceoverdeepecology;ontheotherhand,italsoconstantlyamendsandperfectsitstheoryandpractice,whichbothtogetherbringaboutuniquepoweroftheconstructionofthetheoryduringthecoursefilledwithconfrontationandhostilities(Hu,History338).Itisunrealistictodefineeco-feminismasonegeneralacceptedconcept.Itis“anumbrellaterm,whichincludesmanyrelated,essentialmulti-culturalviewsthatstudybetweenpeoplewhoarelocatedasthesubordinatesofhumansociety,(especiallyfemales)andthesocialsystemthatrulesnon-humannature”(Warren,EcologicalFeminism1).Asmorethanonekindofviewoffeminismexists,eco