新编实用英语综合教程1__Unit_7

演示文档路漫漫其悠远少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤新编实用英语综合教程1__Unit_7 HealthPARTIPartingandFarewellLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONWordstoKnowShortConversationsSituationalDialoguesPassageListeningWordstoKnow 1.contact/'kɔntækt/ n.接触，联系;联系人v.(与)联系，(与)接触adj.接触的 2.reference/'refrəns/ n.参考，出处，参照n.推荐人，推荐函vt.提供参考 3.flight /flait/ n.飞行，航班n.奇思妙想，一段楼梯n.逃跑v.(鸟)惊飞 4.monthly/'mʌnθli/ adj.每月的，持续一个月的，每月发生的adv.每月，按月n.月刊 5.decision /di‘siʒən/n.决定，决策 6.umbrella/ʌm'brelə/ n.伞，雨伞adj.像伞状分布的vt.(用伞)遮住 7.sociology /.səusi'ɔlədʒi/n.社会学，社会关系学，群落生态学 8.slum/slʌm/ n.贫民窟vi.访问贫民区 9.evaluation/i.vælju'eiʃən/n.估价，评价 10.exception/ik'sepʃən/ n.除外，例外，[律]异议，反对 11.remain /ri'mein/ v.保持，依然，剩余，留下，逗留n.遗迹，剩余物，残骸 12.astound/əs'taund/ v.使惊骇，使大吃一惊adj.<古>震惊的 13.pursue /pə'sju:/ v.追捕，追求，继续从事 14.alert/ə'lə:t/ adj.警觉的，灵敏的n.警戒，警报vt.警惕，使意识到 15.formula/'fɔ:mjulə/ n. 公式 小学单位换算公式大全免费下载公式下载行测公式大全下载excel公式下载逻辑回归公式下载 ，配方，规则；代乳品adj.（赛车的）级的，方程式的ShortConversationsDirections:Listentothedialoguesandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.1.A:______________alittlelonger?B:___________,butIshall____________ifIdon’thurry.2.A:Well,IamafraidImustgonow.Youcan__________myhousewhenyou___________________.B:Yes,Iwill.Goodbye!3.A:Oh,thebell.__________________.Seeyoulater,Tom.B:Seeyoulater,John.4.A:OK.I’ll_______________________nextMondayaboutthejob.______________________.Seeyou.B:Seeyou.5.A:I’mreallysorry,butIhavetogonow.Myflight________________.B:_______________.Bye-bye.SituationalDialoguesDialogue1YouwillhearadialoguebetweenEmma,agirlwhoislookingforajobatacinemaandHugh,whoisaCinemaManager.1.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Film.B.Job.C.Ticket.D.Time.2.HowmanyhoursshouldEmmawork?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.3.WhencanEmmabefree?A.Monday.B.Friday.C.Sunday.D.Weekend.4.HowmuchmonthlypaydoesEmmahope?A.Morethan800yuan.B.Lessthan800yuan.C.Morethan600yuan.D.Lessthan600yuan.5.Whatdoesthemanagerthinkofthejob?A.Difficult.B.Complex.C.Simple.D.Hard.Dialogue2YouwillhearadialoguebetweenMaryandTom.Tomisabouttoleavetheparty,soheissayinggood-byetothehostess,Mary.1.WhattimeisitwhenTomissayinggood-byetoMary?A.Ten.B.Nine.C.Seven.D.Eleven.2.WherewillTomgonow?A.Hisoffice.B.Afriend’shome.C.Hisownhome.D.Theparty.3.WhathappenswhenTomissayinggood-byetoMary?A.Hiscarisgone.C.Hefeltcold.B.It’sraining.D.Hebecomeshungry.4.HowfarisTom’shousefromhere?A.NexttoMary’shouse.C.TenmilesfromMary’shouse.B.NotfarfromMary’shouseD.TenminutesfromMary’shouse.5.WhatdidTomthinkoftheparty?A.Wonderful.B.Bad.C.Noisy.D.Mad.SituationalDialoguesPassageListening1.Directions:Listentothepassageandfillinthemissingwordswiththeexactwordsyouhearonthetape.AcollegeprofessorhadhissociologyclassgototheBaltimoreslumstogetcasehistoriesof200youngboys.Theywereaskedtowritean___________ofeachboy’s________.Ineverycasethestudentswrote,“Hehasn’tgota________.”Twenty-fiveyearslater，anothersociologyprofessor___________theearlierstudy.Hehadhisstudentsfollowupontheprojecttoseewhathadhappenedtotheseboys.Withthe_____________of20boyswhohadmovedawayordied,thestudents_________that176oftheremaining180had_________morethanordinarysuccessaslawyers,doctorsand_____________.Theprofessorwasastonishedanddecidedtopursuethematter_________.Fortunately,allthemenwereintheareaandhewasabletoaskeachone,“Howdoyou______________yoursuccess?”Ineachcasethereplycamewithfeeling,“Therewasateacher.”　　Theteacherwasstill______,sohesoughtheroutandaskedtheoldbutstillalertladywhatmagicformulashehadusedtopulltheseboysoutoftheslumsintosuccessful______________.　　Theteacher’seyessparkledandherlipsbrokeintoa________smile.“It’sreallyverysimple,”shesaid.“Ilovedthoseboys.”2.Directions:Listentothepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(1)Whatevaluationdidthesociologyclasswriteabouttheseboys?_________________________________________(2)Whendidanotherprofessordiscovertheearlierstudy?_________________________________________(3)Howmanyboysachievedsuccesswhentheyhadgrownup?_________________________________________(4)Whomadetheseboyssuccessful?_________________________________________(5)Whatdidthewriterwanttotellusafterweheardthestory?_________________________________________PassageListeningPARTIISPEAKINGDEVELOPMENTPartingandFarewellSituationalDialogues UsefulSentencesandExpressions NewwordsandExpressionsDialogue1AChinesestudentvisitshermajorprofessorandeatsthedinnerwiththeprofessor’sfamily.Thisistheconversationwhenshehastogohome.Cao:I’msorryI’vegottoleave.Ihavetofinishtheessaytonight.Ed:Don’tworktoohard.Icanreviewyouressaywhenyoufinishit.Cao:It’skindofyoutosayso.Thankyouforyourdeliciousdinner.Ed:Thankyouforvisitingus.Pleaseremembermetoyourwifeanddaughter.Cao:Yes,Iwill.Ed:Takecareofyourself.Cao:Thankyou.Good-bye.SituationalDialoguesDialogue2Mr.HuvisitshiscolleagueEd,andit’stimethathehadtosaygood-byetoEd.Hu:Oh,it’slate.I’vegottoleavenow.Ed:Mustn’tyoustayalittlelonger?Hu:I’mgoingtoattendaconferenceateighttomorrowmorning,soImustgetupearly.Ed:Well,I’msorryyoucan’tstayanylonger.Thankyouforvisitingus.Hu:It’sverynicestayingwithyoutonight.Ed:Pleasestopbyusagainwheneveryou’reavailable.Youarealwayswelcome.Hu:Thankyouverymuch.Iwill.Goodnight.Ed:Takecare.Goodnight.Dialogue3MissCaowillgobacktoChina,andsheneverforgetstosaygood-byetoherprofessorEd.Cao:I’mcallingtosaygood-bye.Ed:Oh,myGod.You’releavinghere?Cao:Yes,Ihavefinishedmyresearchhere.I’mtakingmyflightatPullman?Ed:Whenisyourflight?Cao:NorthwestAirlines,Flight1098,tomorrowevening,eight-twenty.Ed:Isthereanythingwecandoforyou?Cao:No,thanks.TheChineseStudents’Associationhasmadeeverythingreadyforme.Ed:That’sgood.Dotellusifyouneedanyhelp.Cao:Thankyouverymuch.Infact,you’vedonealotforme.I’mreallygratefultoyouandthefaculty.Ed:It’smypleasure.Emailmeafteryougethome.Cao:Iwill.Good-bye.Ed:Good-bye,andhaveagoodflight.SituationalDialogues1.IthinkI’dbetterbegoingnow.I’vegottogetupearlytomorrow.2.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme,butIhavetogetbacktomyoffice.3.IthinkIoughttobegoingnow.Mybaby-sitteristoleaveat11:00.4.Ihatetosaygood-bye,butI’vegottogonow.5.Timetohittheroad.6.Bettergetmoving.7.I’dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.UsefulSentencesandExpressions8.Thankyou.I’veenjoyedthisbeautifulevening.9.Thankyouforcoming!10.Seeyou./Solong./Seeyoulater.11.Bye-bye./Good-byenow.12.Haveagood/niceday/weekend.13.Takecare.14.Ihopeyouenjoyyourtrip.15.I’lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.16.Let’shopewe’llmeetagain.17.Dropinanytimeyoulike.18.Myregardstoyourfamily.19.Apleasantjourneytoyou! association e-mail NorthwestAirlines PullmanNewwordsandExpressionsPARTIIIINTEGRATEDCOURSETextAWalkingMakesYouHealthyManypeopleareoftenverybusywithavarietyofthingsatworkorathome,sotheyhavenotimeforentertainment.Thisisabadphenomenon.Weshouldmakeanefforttolookforrelaxation.Aproverbsays,“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Lackingofrelaxationisreallyharmfulforone’shealth.Evenifwecan’taffordluxuriousrelaxingways,wecanjustwalkatleast.Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaystostayhealthy.Theycallittheworld'smostnaturalexercise.Walkingislessdangerousthanrunning.AboutfiftymillionAmericansareactiveinwhatiscalled“fitness”walking.Theytakeshortwalksafewtimeseachweektoimprovetheirhealth.Fitnesswalkingcanbedonealmostanywhere,anytime.Nospecialequipmentisneeded.Expertsadvisedrinkinglotsofwaterbeforeandaftereachwalk.Somepeoplemightaskthisquestion:Howusefuliswalkingforyourhealth?Now,theanswercomesasfollows:Walkingwillgiveyoumoreenergy,helpyoutorelax,reducestress,helpyousleepbetter,toneyourmuscles,decreasesomediseasesandadjustyourmood.Italsohelpscontrolyourappetite,andincreasethenumberofcalories.Forallthesereasons,peoplehavestartedwalkingprograms.Fromnowon,ifyourmoodisnotgood,justgooutwalkingforamoment;ifyoufeeltired,pleasewalkalongtheriverandhavearelax;ifyouarealittlefat,youcanalsokeepfitbywalking.Don’thesitateanymore,mydearfriends.Walkingisoneoftheeasiestwaystoexercise.Comewithmeandlet'sjustwalk!NewWordsandexpressionsphenomenon/fi'nɔminən/n.现象effort/'efət/n.努力proverb/'prɔvə:b/n.谚语afford/ə'fɔ:d/vt.负担得起，给予，供给luxurious/lʌg'ʒu:riəs/adj.奢侈的，豪华的expert/'ekspə:t/n.专家natural/'nætʃərəl/adj.自然的improve/im'pru:v/vt.改善，改进，提高special/'speʃəl/adj.特殊的，特别的equipment/i'kwipmənt/n.设备，器材energy/'enədʒi/n.能量，精力，活力stress/stres/n.压力muscle/'mʌsl/n.肌肉Decrease/di:'kri:s/vt.&vi.（使某物）变小或变少；减少n.减少，降低disease/di'zi:z/n.疾病mood/mu:d/n.心情，情appetite/'æpitait/n.食欲，胃口calorie/'kæləri/n.（热量单位）卡，卡路里hesitate/'heziteit/vi.犹豫，踌躇avarietyof各种各样的lackof缺乏lessthan不到，少于thenumberof...……的数量fromnowon从现在开始keepfit保持健康AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.这是一句谚语，意思是“只工作不玩耍，聪明的杰克也变傻。”此句强调了休闲活动的重要性。WordstoKnow afford及物动词vt.1)(常与can,could,beableto连用)买得起;有足够的...(去做...)[+to-v]Theydidnotconsiderwhethertheycouldaffordthetimeornot.他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。Wecan'taffordtopaysuchaprice.我们付不起这个价钱。2)【 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 】提供,给予[O1]Dancingaffordsuspleasure.跳舞给我们带来快乐。2.Advise1)及物动词vt.1.劝告,忠告Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.我们劝她等。Weadvisedhimagainstactinginhaste.我们劝他不要匆忙行事。2.当...的顾问[(+on)]3.通知,告知[(+of)][O5][O6]Pleaseadviseusofanychangeinyourplan.你们的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 倘有变更,请告诉我们。4.建议采取2)不及物动词vi.1.劝告,忠告Iadvisedagainsttheirdoingit.我劝他们不要做这件事。2.当顾问[W]3.建议4.【美】商量Headvisedwithhispartnersbeforemakingthedecision.他在作出决定前曾与合伙人商量过。3.hesitate1)不及物动词vi.1.踌躇;犹豫Don‘thesitateaboutthat.Doitatonce.对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。2.说话吞吞吐吐2)及物动词vt.1.有疑虑,不愿意[+to-v]Hedidnothesitatetoaskhertositbesidehim.他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁。→hesitationn.DetailedStudyoftheTextA1.Manypeopleareoftenverybusywithavarietyofthingsatworkorathome,sotheyhavenotimeforentertainment.Thisisabadphenomenon.Weshouldmakeanefforttolookforrelaxation.许多人经常忙于工作或家中各种各样的事情，所以他们没有时间娱乐。这是一个不好的现象。我们应努力寻找放松。◆bebusywithsth.忙于某事Iwasbusywithmychildren.我忙於照顾孩子。Theplanforthenewbookisoniceatthemoment.I'vebeenbusywithtoomanyotherthings.写那本新书的计划暂时搁一下，我一直忙于太多其它的事情。◆avarietyof多种多样的ithasavarietyofforms.所以它也就有了不同的形式。◆makeefforttodosth.尽力做某事Youwillfalltheexamifyoudon'tmakeeffort.如果你再不努力些的话,你会考不及格的.Idecidedtomakeonemoreeffort.我决定再作一次努力。2.Lackingofrelaxationisreallyharmfulforone’shealth.缺乏放松才是对人真正地有害健康。◆lackof缺少…Theflowersarewiltingforlackofwater.这些花因缺水而渐渐枯萎。Herdecisionseemstoshowalackofpoliticaljudgment.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。Thelackofrainaggravatedthealreadyseriousshortageoffood.干旱少雨使原本就很严重的粮食短缺问题更加严重。◆beharmfulto/for…对…有害Acidrainisharmfultoamphibianssuchassalamanders,springpeepers,andfrogs.酸雨是有害于两栖的动物,例如鲵、春天里唧唧叫的小动物和青蛙。3.Theycallittheworld‘smostnaturalexercise.他们称它是世界上最自然的运动。◆call1)把...叫做,称呼ShecalledhimJoe.她称他乔。2)把...视为,认为Icallitsilly.我认为这是一件蠢事。4.Now,theanswercomesasfollows:Walkingwillgiveyoumoreenergy,helpyoutorelax,reducestress,helpyousleepbetter,toneyourmuscles,decreasesomediseasesandadjustyourmood.现在，回答如下：步行会给你更多的能量，帮助你放松，减少压力，帮助你睡得更好，调节你的肌肉，减少疾病并调整你的情绪。◆reduce及物动词vt.1.减少;缩小;降低Heistryingtoreduceexpenses.他正试图减少开支。2.使处于(某种状态);使化为,使变为[(+to)]Thefirereducedthepaintingstoashes.大火将这些画作烧成了灰烬。3.迫使[H][(+to)]Povertyreducedhimtobegging.贫穷迫使他行乞。4.降服,攻陷5.使降级,使降职[(+to)]Theofficerwasreducedtotheranks.这军官被降为士兵。6.把...归纳,把...归并[(+to)]Finallythechairreducedallthequestionstoone.最后主席把所有的问题归纳为一个。7.把...弄碎;把...分解;把... 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 [(+to)]8.使变弱,使变瘦[H][(+to)]Thecancervictimwasreducedtoskinandbones.那个癌症患者瘦得皮包骨。9.把...折合(成较小单位)[(+to)]不及物动词vi.1.减少;缩小;降低2.减轻体重,减肥Itiseasytoreduceifyouwatchyourdiet.你如果注意饮食,减肥并不难。3.归纳为,化为[(+to)]5.Italsohelpscontrolyourappetite,andincreasethenumberofcalories.它也能帮助控制你的食欲并增加卡路里的数量◆control及物动词vt.1.控制;支配;管理Sheisskillfulenoughtocontrolthemachinenow.现在她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。TheBritishgovernmentatthattimecontrolledtheisland.当时英国政府控制该岛。2.克制;抑制Youmustlearntocontrolyourtemper.你必须学会克制着不发脾气。3.(用对照物)核实;检验名词n.1.支配;控制;调节;抑制[U][(+of/over)]Theyhavenocontroloverhim.他们控制不了他。2.控制手段(或措施);统制[P1][(+on/over)]3.操纵装置[P]ThehelicopterlandedwithJoeatthecontrols.直升飞机在乔的操纵下降落。4.指挥部[U][G]5.(实验的)对照物[C]6.Fromnowon,ifyourmoodisnotgood,justgooutwalkingforamoment;ifyoufeeltired,pleasewalkalongtheriverandhavearelax;ifyouarealittlefat,youcanalsokeepfitbywalking.从现在起，如果你的心情不好，就出去走了一会儿;如果你觉得累了，请沿江散步放松；如果你有点胖，你也可以通过步行来保持健康。◆along沿着;顺着Iwasdrivingmycaralongamuddypath.我沿着泥泞的小路开车。◆keepfit保持健康Thenwhatdoyoudotokeepfit?那么,你是怎么健身的?Iworkoutregularlytokeepfit.我经常努力锻炼身体以保持健康.7.Don’thesitateanymore,mydearfriends.不要再犹豫了，我亲爱的朋友◆anymore再Thedeadlineisdrawingnear;wecan'tdelayanymore.限期快到了，不能再拖延。Ican'teatanymore;mystomachisbulging.我一点也吃不下，肚子都鼓起来了。Stopit!Ican'tstanditanymore!住口!我再受不了了！TextBPublicHealthThegoalsofpublichealtharetopreventhumandisease,injury,anddisability;protectpeoplefromenvironmentalhealthhazards;promotebehaviorsthatleadtogoodphysicalandmentalhealth;educatethepublicabouthealth；andassureavailabilityofhighqualityhealthservices.Publichealthsystemsvaryindifferentpartsoftheworld,dependingupontheprevalenthealthproblems.Inthedevelopingworld,wheresanitationproblemsandlimitedmedicalresourcespersist,infectiousdiseasesarethemostsignificantthreattopublichealth.Publichealthofficialsdevoteresourcestoestablishsanitationsystemsandimmunizationprogramstocurbthespreadofinfectiousdiseases,andprovideroutinemedicalcaretoruralandisolatedpopulations.Inindustrializednations,sanitaryfoodandwatersuppliesandexcellentmedicalresourceshavereducedratesofinfectiousdisease.Instead,accidentsanddiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartattacks,andstrokesareamongtheleadingcausesofdeath.Intheseareas,publichealthgoalsincludeeducationprogramstoteachpeoplehowtopreventaccidentsandlessentheirriskfordisease,andthemaintenanceoftheexcellentdiseasepreventionsystemsalreadyestablished.Publichealthworkersmayengageinactivitiesoutsidethescopeofordinarymedicalpractice.Theseincludeinspectingandlicensingrestaurants;checkingthesafetyofhousing,water,andfoodsupplies.Inassuringoverallcommunityhealth,publichealthofficialsalsoactasadvocatesforlawsandregulations—suchasdruglicensingorproductlabelingrequirements.Mostpeoplethinkofpublichealthworkersasphysiciansandnurses,butawidevarietyofotherprofessionalsworkinpublichealth,includingsanitaryengineers,microbiologists,laboratorytechnicians,statisticians,economistsandadministrators.NewWordsandExpressionsgoal/gəul/n.目的，目标injury/'indʒəri/n.伤害，侮辱disability/disə'biliti/adj.无力，无能，残疾environmental/invaiərən'mentl/adj.周围的，环境的hazard/'hæzəd/n.危险，有危险的事物promote/prə'məut/vt.增进，促进，发扬assure/ə'ʃuə/vt.确保，保证，担保availability/əˌveilə'biliti/n.可用性，有效性，实用性quality/'kwɔliti/n.重量，品质，性质vary/'vɛəri/vt.改变，变更，使多样化prevalent/'prevələnt/adj.普遍的，流行的sanitation/sæni'teiʃən/n.卫生设施persist/pə:'sist/vi.坚持，持续infectious/in'fekʃəs/adj.有传染性的，易传染的devote/di'vəut/vt.投入于，献身immunization/imjunai'zeiʃən/n.免除，免疫curb/kə:b/vt.抑制；控制rural/'ru:rəl/adj.乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的，生活在农村的isolated/'aisəleitid/adj,隔离的，孤立的，单独的sanitary/'sænitəri/adj.(有关)卫生的,(保持)清洁的，清洁卫生的lung/lʌŋ/n.肺，呼吸器，肺脏stroke/strəuk/n.中风leading/'li:diŋ/adj.主要的；重要的lessen/'lesn/vi.减少，减轻maintenance/'meintinən/n.维护，保持engage/in'geidʒ/vt.使从事于，使参加scope/skəup/n.(活动)范围，机会，余地advocate/'ædvəkeit/n.提倡者，鼓吹者label/'leibl/n.标签，签条，商标professional/prə'feʃənl/n.专业人员statistician/stætis'tiʃən/n.统计员，统计学家economist/i:'kɔnəmist/n.经济学者，经济家administrator/əd'ministreitə/n.管理人，行政官NewWordsandExpressionsprotectsb.from...保护某人免遭……dependupon/on依靠；依赖avarietyof各种的，多种多样的thinkof...as...把……当做……leadto通往，通到；导致suchas...例如……，比如……actas担任，充当；起……作用beto将要engagein使从事于，参加environmentalhealth环境卫生publichealth公共卫生Wordstoknow prevent及物动词vt.1)防止,预防VitaminCissupposedtopreventcolds.维生素C被认为能预防感冒。2)阻止;制止;妨碍[(+from)]Whopreventstheirplansfrombeingcarriedout?谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?OfcourseIcan'tpreventyourgoing.当然,我不能阻止你去。3)【古】先做;先去;先来不及物动词vi.1.妨碍;阻止2.protect及物动词vt.1.保护,防护[(+against/from)]MayGodprotectyoufromharm.愿上帝保佑你免受伤害。Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。2.【经】(借着对进口商品征收关税或设限等)保护(本国产业)3.为...保险[(+against)]Theinsurancepolicyprotectsyouagainstinjury.如遭伤害,这保险单保证偿付你的损失。4.【商】备款以支付(应期汇票,债务等)5.在...上装防护装置以免伤害3.promote及物动词vt.1.晋升[(+to)]Hecertainlyoughttobepromoted.他应该要提升。2.使(学生)升级[(+to)]Pupilswhopassthetestwillbepromotedtothenexthighergrade.通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。3.促进;发扬;引起ThePrimeMinister'svisitwillpromotethecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。4.促使(法律等)通过PromoteabillinParliament.促使议案在议会获得通过。5.发起,创立Severalbankerspromotedthenewcompany.好几个银行家联手创立了这个新公司。6.【美】宣传,推销(商品等)Yourjobistopromotethenewproduct.你的工作是促销这一新产品。7.【美】【俚】用不正当手段获得4.assure及物动词vt.1.向...保证,担保[(+of)]Icanassureyouofthereliabilityoftheinformation.我向你保证这消息可靠。Thecaptainoftheshipassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.船长向乘客保证没有危险。2.使确信,使放心[(+of)]Weassuredourclientsofanenjoyableholiday.我们使游客确信准能过一个愉快的假期。3.(后接oneself)使弄清楚,使确定Theyassuredthemselvesthatthebridgewassafebeforecrossingit.他们直到弄清楚那座桥确实安全后才通过。4.确保,保障Herfuturewasassured.她的未来是有保障的。5.保证给予5.depend不及物动词vi.1.相信;信赖[(+on/upon)]Iknewhewasn'ttobedependedupon.我知道他不可信赖。2.依靠,依赖[(+on/upon)]Healthdependsongoodfood,freshairandenoughsleep.健康依靠的是良好的食物,新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。3.依...而定;取决于[(+on/upon)]Itdependsontheweather.这取决于天气。Thepricedependsonthequality.价格取决于品质。4.悬而未决6.threatn.威胁，凶兆vt.威胁，恐吓例句:Pollutionposesathreattothecontinuedexistenceofthisspecies.污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。Thethreatofwarhasdepressedbusinessactivity.战争的威胁使经济萧条。Thesituationposesagravethreattoworldpeace.这局势对世界和平构成了严重的威胁。7.establish及物动词vt.1)建立;设立;创办Ourhospitalwasestablishedin1950.我们的医院建于一九五○年。2)确立;使得到承认;使立足于[(+as/in)]Sheestablishedherfameasanactress.她已成为大名鼎鼎的演员。3)确定;证实;表明[+that][+wh-]Thenewevidenceestablishesthesuspect'sguilt.新证据证实嫌疑犯有罪。4)安置5)制定;规定6)定...为国教DetailedStudyoftheTextB1.Thegoalsofpublichealtharetopreventhumandisease,injury,anddisability;protectpeoplefromenvironmentalhealthhazards;promotebehaviorsthatleadtogoodphysicalandmentalhealth;educatethepublicabouthealth；andassureavailabilityofhighqualityhealthservices.公共卫生的目标是预防人类疾病，损伤和残疾;保护人类免受环境健康危害，促进导致良好的身体和精神健康的行为；对公众进行健康教育;并保证高质量的保健服务。◆prevent…from…阻止…以免遭受…Whopreventstheirplansfrombeingcarriedout?谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?◆leadto导致TheGovernment'spresentcoursewillonlyleadtodisaster.政府的现行方针後患无穷。Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。Suchanoffencewillleadtoasummaryfine.这类过错要当场予以罚款。2.Publichealthsystemsvaryindifferentpartsoftheworld,dependingupontheprevalenthealthproblems.3.Publichealthofficialsdevoteresourcestoestablishsanitationsystemsandimmunizationprogramstocurbthespreadofinfectiousdiseases,andprovideroutinemedicalcaretoruralandisolatedpopulations.公共卫生官员投入资源创建卫生系统和免疫 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 以遏止传染病的蔓延，并提供日常医疗卫生给农村和边远地区居民。◆devote…to…把…投入于…Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork.请把更多的时间用于工作。Hestartedtostudyecologyanddecidedtodevotehiswholelifetothescience.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。devoteoneselfto…献身于ThenoblestidealtowhichonecandevoteoneselfisCommunism.能为之献身的最崇高的理想是共产主义。◆curb遏制Attimesaclimatemaycurbmotives;atothertimesitmayarousethem.有时环境可能压抑士气,有时却能激发士气。4.Instead,accidentsanddiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartattacks,andstrokesareamongtheleadingcausesofdeath.相反，事故和疾病，例如，肺癌，心脏病发作，和中风，都在主要死亡原因之中。◆instead副词ad.1.作为替代Heistoobusy,letmegoinstead.他太忙了,让我去吧。2.反而,却Insteadofdisturbingher,thenewshadastrangelycalmingeffect.这消息非但没有令她不安,反而产生了一种奇怪的镇定效果。Hedidn'tgiveJohnthemoney,buthegaveittomeinstead.他没把钱给约翰,却给了我。5.Intheseareas,publichealthgoalsincludeeducationprogramstoteachpeoplehowtopreventaccidentsandlessentheirriskfordisease,andthemaintenanceoftheexcellentdiseasepreventionsystemsalreadyestablished.在这些区域，公共健康目标包括教导人们如何防止意外发生，减少他们对疾病的风险，同时优良的疾病预防系统的维护已经建立。◆include及物动词vt.1.包括,包含[W][+v-ing]Thepriceincludesbothhouseandfurniture.价钱包括房子和家具。2.算入,包含于...里面Iincludehimamongmyfriends.我把他当作朋友。◆prevent及物动词vt.1.防止,预防VitaminCissupposedtopreventcolds.维生素C被认为能预防感冒。2.阻止;制止;妨碍[(+from)]Whopreventstheirplansfrombeingcarriedout?谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?OfcourseIcan'tpreventyourgoing.当然,我不能阻止你去。3.【古】先做;先去;先来不及物动词vi.1.妨碍;阻止6.Inassuringoverallcommunityhealth,publichealthofficialsalsoactasadvocatesforlawsandregulations—suchasdruglicensingorproductlabelingrequirements.为了保证整体社区健康，公共卫生官员也充当法律法规的倡导者的角色，如药品许可证或产品标签要求。◆suchas例如，比如Manylettersinthealphabetsuchasb,c,d,etcareconsonants.字母表中的许多字母像b，c，d，等等都是辅音字母。Inthisparagraphtherearemanynouns,suchasboy,girl,andbook.这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。It'smoreusefultolearnmodernlanguages,suchasEnglishandGerman,thanLatin.学习英语和德语等现代语言比学习拉丁语更为有用。7.Mostpeoplethinkofpublichealthworkersasphysiciansandnurses,butawidevarietyofotherprofessionalsworkinpublichealth,includingsanitaryengineers,microbiologists,laboratorytechnicians,statisticians,economistsandadministrators.大多数人把公共卫生工作者认为成是医生和护士，但是有一个很广泛的范围的工作是包含在内的，包括卫生工程师，微生物学家，实验室技术人员，统计学家，经济学家和管理人员。◆thinkofvt.想到(考虑，想象，设想，打算，出主意)例句:Icouldn'tthinkofthenameofthatmananyhow.我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。Whatdoyouthinkofmynewcar?你觉得我的新车怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofhisnewjob?你对他的新工作看法如何？TextCADayI’llNeverForgetIthappenedonSt.Valentine’sDay,soit’seasytoremember.Iwenttothegymwithmyhusband,Mark,firstthinginthemorning.Welikegoingearly,beforeitgetstoobusy.Aftergoingthroughourroutineweusuallygoforaswim.ImetMarkattheshower’s,hewascomingoutasIwasgoingin.WhenIcameouttomeethimhewasn’tthere.Afewminuteslateranambulancepulledup.Iwastoldthatamanhadcollapsedinthechanging-room.CoulditbeMark,couldhehavefainted?ButwhentheycarriedhimdownonthestretcherIknewitwassomethingmuchmoreserious.Hewasunconsciousandblue.Thedoctordrovemetothehospitalandsaidhe’dsufferedamassiveheartattackandhishearthadstoppedwhilehewasaloneinthechanging-room.Nooneknewhowlonghehadbeenlyingthere,Iwastoldhehada50-50chanceofsurviving,andwasadvisedtocallourchildren.ThosewerethehardestphonecallsIeverhadtomake.Ourdaughter,Georgia,wasonherwayovertoustointroduceanewboyfriend.Whatawaytomeetyourgirlfriend’sfamilyforthefirsttime!Stuart,ourson,wasatuniversityinSouthampton.HecaughtthefirsttraintoLondon.Markwastakentointensivecareandputonalifesupportmachine.Hewasgivendrugs,whichwouldgivehisheartacompleterest.Whataday!Andsounexpected.Markhasneverhadanyproblemswithhisheart;nohighbloodpressure,nohistoryofheartdisease.Hedoesn’tsmokeordrink;hehasneverbeenover-weightandtakesregularexercise.ThefollowingdayMarkwasstillunconscious.Weweretoldtotalktohim.Hehadanursesittingbyhimmonitoringhim.Itwassohardmakingconversationwithherthere.MybrainfeltnumbwithfearandIwasgettingnoresponse.OnthesurfaceIwascalm,butinsideIwasscreaming;thiscan’tbehappening!Wespentanotheranxiousnightwithlittlesleep.FortunatelyMarksoonstartedtoimprove.ItseemedlikeamiraclethatMarkhadsurvived.Afterafewdaysinhospitalhelookedrestedandwell.Infacthelookedbetterthanme.Butthenightmarewasn’toveryet.MarkhadX-rays,whichshowedupsomethingquiteunexpected.Thedoctorstoldusitwaslikelytobecanceronhislung.Thiswasquiteashock.MarkandIarebothself-employed,sowhileallthiswasgoingon,aperiodofseveralmonths,neitherofuswasabletoworkandtherewasnomoneycomingin.Thiswasaconstantworryinthebackofourminds.Butfriendsandfamilyralliedroundandpeoplehelpedinwhateverwaytheycould.AtlastMarkwasgivenadateforhisoperation.Wehaveputitallbehindusnow.Markisabletoworkandliveacompletelynormallife.Wedon’tdwellonwhatmighthavehappenedorwhat’sroundthecorner.Wejustgetonwithourlives.Butonewayithaschangedusisthatwe’llneverbeabletoforgethowpreciouseverymomentisandtobegratefulforit.Andtoappreciatethekindnessandgenerosityoffamilyandfriendswhocaredaboutusandhelpedusthrough.NewWordsandExpressionsroutin /ru:'ti:n/n.程序;日常工作adj.日常的；例行的ambulance/'æmbjuləns/n.救护车；战时流动医院Collaps/kə'læps/vi.暴跌;瓦解vt.使倒塌，使崩溃;使萎陷monitor/‘mɔnitə/n.监视器，监听器，监控器，班长vt.监视constant/'kɔnstənt/adj.经常的;恒定的n.常数；恒量precious/'preʃəs/adj.宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的appreciate/ə'pri:ʃieit/vt.领会;感激；欣赏vi.增值；涨价intensivecare 重病特别护理pullup拔起；停下来；阻止rallyround 帮助某人；团结起来；聚集起来St.Valentine’sDay 情人节heartattack心脏病发作Wordstoknow1.pull1)及物动词vt.1.拉,拖,牵,拽;搬走Shepulledhissleevetogethisattention.她拉他的袖子以引起他的注意。2.拔;采,摘;揪下;拉开;扯破[(+out/up)]Whydidyoupulluptheseplants?你为何把这些植物拔起来?3.拉伤,扭伤4.吸引;招徕;获得Thebasketballgamepulledagreatcrowd.这场篮球赛吸引了一大群人。5.拔出(凶器)[(+on)]2)不及物动词vi.1.拉,拖,牵;拔,摘2.(能)被拉(或拖、拔)动[Q]Thedoorpulledopen.门拉开了。3.(车)行驶;(船)划动[Q]Theboatpulledtowardtheislet.船向小岛划去。4.大口喝;深吸[(+at)]3)名词n.1.拉,拖[C]Hegaveastrongpullattherope.他用力拉了拉绳子。2.拉力;引力;魅力[S]Themoon'spullaffectsthetidesonearth.月亮的引力影响地球上的潮汐。2.Collapse1)不及物动词vi.1.倒塌Havingbeenneglectedforyears,thehousecollapsed.这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。2.崩溃,瓦解;(价格)暴跌;(计划等)突然失败Theirprojectcollapsedforlackofmoney.他们的计划因缺钱而告失败。3.(健康等)垮掉;衰退;累倒Hishealthcollapsedbecauseofoverwork.他的身体因工作过度而垮掉了。2)及物动词vt.1.使倒塌;使崩溃Theweightofsnowcollapsedtheroof.积雪的重压使屋顶倒塌了。2.使瘪掉;使萎陷3.折叠Hecollapsedthewheelchairandputitontheboat.他将轮椅折叠起来放在船上。3)名词n.1.倒塌;崩溃[U]Thecollapseofthebuildingcausednocasualties.建筑倒塌没有造成伤亡。2.突然失败[U][C]3.暴跌[U]4.(健康等的)衰竭,垮掉[U][C]Thecollapseofhishealthwasbroughtonbyundernourishment.他的健康恶化是由营养不足造成的。3.Suffer1)及物动词vt.1.遭受;经历Hesufferedmanyhumiliationsbeforehebecameafootballstar.他在成为足球名将前受过许多屈辱。2.(常用于否定句)忍受Icannotsuffersuchrudeness.我不能容忍这种粗鲁的举止。3.容许;任凭2)不及物动词vi.1.受苦;患病[(+from)]Hesufferedfrompovertyallhislife.他一生受贫穷之苦。Myfathersuffersfromhighbloodpressure.我父亲有高血压。Theysufferedagreatdealinthosedays.那时他们吃了不少苦。2.受损害,受损失;变糟[(+for/from)]Thisscientificinstrumentsufferedseverely.这部科学仪器受到严重损坏。3.受惩罚;被处决[(+for)]Hesufferedforhisoffence.他因自己的过错而受到惩罚。4.appreciate1)及物动词vt.1.欣赏,赏识Hertalentformusicwasnotappreciated.她的音乐才能无人赏识。2.感谢,感激Theydeeplyappreciatedhiskindness.他们对他的好意深表感谢。3.体会,领会,察知[W][+(that)]Iamafraidyouhavenotappreciatedtheurgencyofthematter.恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。4.正确地评价,鉴别2)不及物动词vi.1.(土地、货币等)增值[(+in)]Landwillcontinuetoappreciate.土地将继续增值。DetailedStudyoftheTextC1.IthappenedonSt.Valentine’sDay,soit’seasytoremember.正是因为在情人节发生的，所以很容易记住。◆happen发生Whathappenedwhenyoutoldhimthenews?你告诉他这消息时，他有何反应?◆happento碰巧Ihappenedtositbyherinthecinema.在电影院我碰巧坐在她旁边。◆itiseasytodosth.做某事很容易Itiseasytocompletetheproject.完成这个项目很简单。2.Hewasunconsciousandblue.他是无意识的并且是沮丧的。◆除表示“颜色”外，这些单词的其他含义1．blue除表示“蓝色”以外，还可以表示：1）（人的脸色等）发灰的，紫的；（动物的毛皮）青灰色的。如：Sheturnedbluewithfear.（她吓得脸色发青。）2）沮丧的、忧郁的、使沮丧的。如：XiaoWanglooksblue.（小王看上去情绪低落。）2．black除表示“黑色”意思外，还可以表示：1）暗淡的、阴郁的、怒气冲冲的。如：Hehasablackfuture.（他前途黯淡。）因此，abluemood不表示“黑色情绪”而表示情绪低落。2）邪恶的、不吉利的。如：theblackart（妖术）。Thingslookblack.（事情不妙）3）极度的。如：Idon’tknowhim.Heisablackstranger.（我不认识他，他是一个完全陌生的人。）3．green除表示“绿色”外，还可以表示：1）未熟的、生的。如：IhaveastomachachebecauseIateagreenpearyesterday.（我肚子痛，因为我昨天吃了一个生桃子。）2）无经验的、没有受过训练的、幼稚的。如：Sheisstillgreenatthisjob.（她对这件工作还是生疏的。）3）（脸色等）发青、苍白的。如：Youlookgreen,what’swrongwithyou?（你的脸色这么苍白，怎么啦？）4．red除表示“红色”外，还可以表示：1）（指脸色因羞愧、愤怒等）涨红的。如：Hewasredwithanger.（他因为发怒而涨红了脸。）2）流血的。如：aredbattle（血战）.3）火烧的。如：redruin（火灾）.5．white除表示“白色”以外，还可以表示：1）空的，没有写过字的（或没有印刷过的）。如：cleanwhitemargins（干净的页边空白处）。2）清白的、纯洁的、善意的。如：awhitelie不是“白色的谎言”，而是“善意的谎言”。6．yellow除表示“黄色”外，还可以表示：1）胆小的。如：Ialwayssuspectedhewasyellow.（我总是怀疑他胆小。）2）（报刊等）采用耸人听闻的手法做低级渲染的。如：yellowpress（总称“黄色报刊”）。3.Markwastakentointensivecareandputonalifesupportmachine.马克被送到加护病房，并在用生命支持机器。◆intensivecare重症监护Intensivecareinhospitalsisgiventotheseriouslyill.在医院里病重的人得到悉心护理。Hefeelscompletelyrestoredtohealthafteraperiodofintensivecare.通过一段时间的精心照顾，他感到身体完全康复了。Thispatientrequiresintensivecare.该病人需要加强护理。4.Itwassohardmakingconversationwithherthere.MybrainfeltnumbwithfearandIwasgettingnoresponse.和她在那交谈时这么的困难。我感到麻木与恐惧。我没有得到任何回应。◆makeconversation(with…)(与…)交谈Itcanbeverydifficult,makeconversationataparty.在聚会时有时很难找话题跟人应酬。EvenifyoureadFrencheasily,you'llfindit'sanothercupofteatomakeconversationinFrench.尽管你能轻松地看法语书，但要用法语对话时，你会感到那可就是另外一回事了。Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.Itriedtomakeconversation.她的眼睛直盯着盘子，不久，她就全神贯注地吃起来了。我试着和她攀谈。5.MarkhadX-rays,whichshowedupsomethingquiteunexpected.马克做了X光，结果发现了一些意外的东西◆showup揭露，露出，露面例句:Thedustontheshelfshowupinthesunlight.在阳光照射下能看见架子上有灰尘。Carefulcontrastofthetwoplanshowupsomekeydifference.把这两个计划仔细地加以对比就可以看出一些关键性的差异Hisshow-offonlyservestoshowuphisignorance.他的卖弄只不过暴露了他自己的无知。6.MarkandIarebothself-employed,sowhileallthiswasgoingon,aperiodofseveralmonths,neitherofuswasabletoworkandtherewasnomoneycomingin.马克和我都是自雇者，所以当这一切发生的时候，数个月内我们谁也不是能够工作，也就没有收入了。◆neither1）形容词a.1.两者都不Neithershoefitscomfortably.两只鞋都不合脚。2）代词pron.1.(两者之中)无一个Neitherofmyfriendshascomeyet.我的两个朋友都还没来。3）连接词conj.1.(与nor连用)既不...也不;也不Wehadneithermoneynorfood.我们既没有钱,也没有食物。Heneitherdrinksnorsmokes.他既不喝酒也不抽烟。Neitherthefathernorthesonisinterestedinthefilm.父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。4）副词ad.1.(与no,not,never等连用)也不"Johncan'tswim.""NeithercanI.""约翰不会游泳。""我也不会。"7.Wehaveputitallbehindusnow.现在我们已经把一切都抛在身后了。◆all在这里是起到了一个强调的作用，用来强调itYouallshouldobeytherules.你们所有的人都应该服从规定。8.Butonewayithaschangedusisthatwe’llneverbeabletoforgethowpreciouseverymomentisandtobegratefulforit.但是它改变了我们的是我们将永远无法忘记每一刻是多么珍贵的，并为此感激。◆change及物动词vt.1.(使)改变;更改;使变化[(+from...to...)][(+into)]Onsecondthoughtshechangedhismind.进一步考虑后,他改变了主意。2.换;交换,互换[(+for)]Wechangedseatsintheinterval.中间休息时,我们交换了一下座位。3.换(衣服);替(婴孩)换尿布或衣服;给(床)换床单Shechangedthebabyoften.她不时地给婴孩换尿布。4.兑换(钱)[(+for/into)]Letmechangethedollarbillforcoins.让我把这张美元的纸钞换成硬币。5.换乘(车等)You'llhavetochangeplanesatSeattle.你得在西雅图换乘另一架飞机。不及物动词vi.1.改变;更改;变化[(+from...to...)]Infalltheleaveschangefromgreentobrown.秋天,树叶由绿变成褐色。2.更衣[(+outof/into)]Hechangedintoanewsuit.他换上一套新的西装。3.换车InNewYork,you'llchangeforBoston.你在纽约换车去波士顿。4.换档[(+up/down/into/to)]名词n.1.变化;变更;变迁[C][U][(+of/in)]Manychangeshavetakenplacesincethen.自那以来,发生了许多变化。2.改变一下[S1]Ithinkachangemightdoyougood.我想换换环境也许对你有好处。3.更换;替换[C][(+in/of)]4.零钱;找零[U]"Here'syourchange,"saidthesaleswoman."这是你的找零,"女店员说道。5.【口】绝经(期);更年期[theS]◆forget及物动词vt.1.忘记[+to-v][+v-ing][+(that)][+wh-]Iforgotpostingtheletter.我忘了信已寄出。Don'tforgettoposttheletter.别忘了去寄信。Sorry,I'veforgottenyourname.对不起,我忘了你的名字。2.忘记带(或买等)Iforgotmykeys.我忘了带钥匙了。3.不再把...放在心上Let'sforgetourdisagreements.我们不要再提我们之间的争吵了。4.忽略;忽视;怠慢Don'tforgetthewaiter.不要忘了给侍者小费。5.不再考虑;放弃Ifwecan'tgetanyfinancialbacking,wemightaswellforgetthewholething.如果得不到经济上的支持,我们还是放弃整个计划好。不及物动词vi.1.忘记[(+about)]Iforgotaboutthefoodcookingonthestove.我忘记炉子上做的饭了英文请柬的格式与范文   中文请柬和英文请柬有固定的格式和措辞，因此不能简单地以单句为单位进行翻译，而应从整个篇章的角度去把握，使译文符合目的语的表达习惯。请看下面这则例子： Mr.andMrs.JohnSmithrequestthehonorofthepresenceofMr.andMrs.J.A.BrownatthemarriageoftheirdaughterElizabethSmithtoMr.JohnFrederickHamiltonSaturday,thetwenty-ninthofSeptemberatfouro'clockp.m.ChurchofHeavenlyRestNewYork  译文如下： J．A．布朗先生及夫人： 兹定于九月二十九日（星期六）下午四时在纽约天安教堂为小女伊丽莎白．史密斯与约翰?弗雷德里克．汉密尔顿先生举行婚礼，届时恭请光临。 约翰．史密斯夫妇谨订。 这是一张正式的英文结婚请柬，格式采用固定的分行式。在内容安排上按照“邀请者被邀请者邀请之意活动内容时间地点”这样的先后顺序。汉语的顺序是“活动时间活动地点活动内容邀请之意邀请者的姓名”，邀请者的姓名应写在右下角，与正文分开。无论是英语请柬还是汉语请柬，在语言上的要求是一致的，都须简洁明了，措辞庄重、文雅，比如，原请柬中为表达邀请之意所用的是“requestthehonourofthepresenceof”，翻译时用“恭请光临”与之对应。此外，译文的开头用了“兹定于”，结尾处用“谨订”，这样的用词都体现了请柬正式的文体。但有两点不同：第一，英文请柬从头至尾都采用第三人称，译成中文时，一般应改用第一人称，如：“themarriageoftheirdaughter”译成“为小女”；第二，英文请柬中星期应写在日期之前，译成汉语时，星期应写在日期后面的括号内。 这是一张正式的英文结婚请柬，格式采用固定的分行式。在内容安排上按照“邀请者被邀请者邀请之意活动内容时间地点”这样的先后顺序。汉语的顺序是“活动时间活动地点活动内容邀请之意邀请者的姓名”，邀请者的姓名应写在右下角，与正文分开。无论是英语请柬还是汉语请柬，在语言上的要求是一致的，都须简洁明了，措辞庄重、文雅，比如，原请柬中为表达邀请之意所用的是“requestthehonorofthepresenceof”，翻译时用“恭请光临”与之对应。此外，译文的开头用了“兹定于”，结尾处用“谨订”，这样的用词都体现了请柬正式的文体。但有两点不同：第一，英文请柬从头至尾都采用第三人称，译成中文时，一般应改用第一人称，如：“themarriageoftheirdaughter”译成“为小女”；第二，英文请柬中星期应写在日期之前，译成汉语时，星期应写在日期后面的括号内。 下面是一封英语邀请函、请柬的范文，供大家参考：         July29,2005 XXX,CEOXXX,VPSalesXXXXXXXXCorporation(Address) It’sourgreathonortoinviteyoutovisitXXXCompanylocatedat(address)inAugust,2003.Thisvisitwillprovideanopportunityforyoutomakeabetterunderstandingofourmarketingissues,andtocommunicateourfuturebusinesscooperationindetail. XXXCompany,asoneofyourdistributorsinChina,hasbeengreatprogressinginpromotingandsellingyourproducts.Webelievethisvisitwillbeofgreatbenefittoourfuturebusinesscooperation. PleaseusethisinvitationlettertoapplyforyourVISAtoChina. Wearealllookingforwardtoseeingyousoon,andshouldyouhaveanyquestions,pleasefeelfreetoinformme. Yourstruly, XXXVicePresidentSalesXXXCompany  时态一般现在时 1、客观规律、客观事实、公式、名言 Theearthmovesaroundthesun. IliveinWenzhou. Oneandtwois/arethree. He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman. 2、经常性或习惯性动作 Weoftenhavelunchattwelveo‘clock. Wehavesportseveryday.一般现在时 1)Theygotoworkbybikeeveryday. 2)Doesthemoonmovearoundthesun?Yes,itdoes. 3)Hedoesn'tlovesports. 4)Weareallteachersfromthecountry. 5)Thechildrendon’thaveenoughfoodinAfrica. 6)Doyougotoseeyouruncleeveryotherday?一般过去时 1、过去某时发生了动作或存在的状态。 IhadamathslessonfromMr.Chenyesterdaymorning. Iwasillyesterday. 2、历史的事实。 GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates. 3、过去错误的判断。 IthoughtyoucamefromShanghai. Ioften_go____toschoolearlyeverymorning,buttodayI__went___toschoollatethismorning.(go)一般过去时 1）Mymotherwasn'tinlastnight. 2）Wedidn'twatchTVlastnight. 3）Thegirlcriedjustnow. 4）Weweremiddleschoolstudentslastyear. 5）--Wereyouathomelastnight? --Yes,Iwere./No,Iwasn’t. 6）Didyouwashclotheslastnight?No,Ididn't.现在进行时 1、现在正在进行的动作，常与now，today，look，listen连用。 NowwearehavinganEnglishclass. Look,thegirlisplayingwiththecomputer. Listen,theboysaretalkinginChinese. 2、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。 NowheiswritingabookaboutChina，butI’mnotsurewhetherhehasfinishedityet. Ioften___go_____(go)toschoolinthemorning,butnowI____amlearning_(learn)Englishathomenow.现在进行时 2、现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。 NowheiswritingabookaboutChina，butI’mnotsurewhetherhehasfinishedityet. Ioften___go_____(go)toschoolinthemorning,butnowI____amlearning_(learn)Englishathomenow.现在进行时 1）Theyareshowingusaroundthefarm. 2）Arethestudentsreadingnow？ 3）Itisn'traininghard. 4）WeareleavingonFriday.过去进行时 过去某时正在进行的动作叫过去进行时.结构:主语+was/were+现在分词,常与thistimeyesterday;lastnight,lastweek等时间状语连用. Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday. Whatwereyoudoinglastnight? 过去进行时 Hewasdoinghishomeworklastnight,butI’mnotsurewhetherhehasfinishedit. I_amhaving_______anEnglishclassnow,butI____had___aphysicslessonthistimeyesterday.(have)过去进行时 用过去进行时：在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作。瞬间动词（如arrive）无进行时态。同时发生的两个动作1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时。2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时WhenIwasdoingmyhomework,mymotherwascooking.表面上是分工：两个动作同时开始，表示同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时。Whensomeoneknockedatthedoor,Iwashavingdinner.过去进行时 1）Iwasreadingatnightyesterdaymorning. 2）Weweren'tplantingtreesthistimeyesterday. 3）Weretheysingingwhentheteachercame?Yes,theywere.一般将来时 对于现在而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用一般将来时：主语+will/begoingto+动词原形。常与表示将来的时间状语用:tomorrow,nextweek,thisafternoon,thisevening,in2008. Iamgoingtolearnwritingthisafternoon. IwillbeinGradeEightnextterm. I__am__14yearsoldandnextyearI_willbe_____15,butlastyearI___was_____only13yearsold.(be)一般将来时 1）Whenwillyoubeabletovisitusagain? 2）Iwon'tbefreetonight. 3）Mysisterwillfinishhermiddleschoolthisyear.过去将来时 对于过去某时而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，我们常用过去将来时，常与表示过去为基点的将来的时间状语连用：thenextweek/month/term。 would+do:过去将来式，间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来 HesaysthathewillvisitChinanextyear. HesaidthathewouldvisitChinathenextyear.过去将来时 1）Hesaidhismotherwouldbuyabikeforhim 2）Mybrothertoldmehewouldn’tbelieveJackanymore. 3）Woulditbeallrightifheknewhisillness?现在完成时 两种基本用法： １、过去动作对现在的影响，与ever，never，just，sofar，inthesedays，already，yet连用； 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作 注意： havebeento：去过某地，当事人在场 havegoneto：去了某地，当事人不在场现在完成时 1）Howmanywordshaveyoulearnttoday? 2）Hehasn'tgotupyet. 3）IhavebeentoEngland. 4)Tomisn’there.HehasgonetoHangzhou.现在完成时 1）Howmanywordshaveyoulearnttoday? 2）Hehasn'tgotupyet. 3）IhaveeverbeentoEngland.过去完成时 过去的过去： 1、在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作：过去完成式，过去以前发生的事情。someonehadtold... Thetrainhadleftbeforehegottotherailwaystation. 2、过去时间的过去：by+过去时间 WehadfinishedGrade7bytheendofthisJune. HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntbytheendoflastterm?someonehadtold...过去完成时 1）Hesaidhehadn'tcollected300stamps. 2）Hadyoulearnt280newwordsbytheendoflastmonth? 3）WhenIrushedtothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.★Specialdifficulties vt+adv+宾语(n)vt+宾语(n/pron)+advvi+prep+宾语(n) 宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以v+prep+宾语(n)副词可以省略，v+宾语(n/pron)+adv或v+adv+宾语(n) 是副词还是介词要看动词是及物动词还是不及物动词vt-advvi-prep-object而判断是不是及物动词就要看平时的积累了。动词时态练习 1.–Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick? --John_________. A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.has 2.Lookatthosebigblackclouds.It______rain.Let’shurry. A.mustB.will C.wouldD.isgoingto动词时态练习 3.--CanIspeaktoMr.Smith,please? --I’mafraidnot.He___ameetingatthemoment. A.havingB.ishavingC.hasD.had 4.Look!Somebluebirds___inthesky. A.flyB.flying C.areflyingD.isflying动词时态练习 5.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter? --Hetoldmethathe____theDisneyWorldthenextday. A.willvisitB.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit 6.Mrs.Shao____ourscienceteacher. A.amB.isC.areD.were动词时态练习 7.He____alettertohisfamilylastSunday. A.writedB.wroteC.writesD.haswritten 8.—Howlonghaveyou___thebook? --Foraweek. A.borrowedB.lent C.keptD.bought 9.—HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou? --Yes.I___theretwoyearsago. A.havebeenB.went C.havegoneD.wentto 动词时态练习 10.Keepquiet,please.They_______ameetingnow. A.haveB.had C.arehavingD.havehad 11.Please___mesomethingaboutthepicture. A.tellB.sayC.speakD.talk动词时态练习 12.–Whataretheydoingoverthere? --They___treesonthehill. A.plantsB.plant C.willplantD.areplanting 13.We_____happilywhentheycamein. A.aretalkingB.talked C.talkD.weretalking动词时态练习 14.Jennyandherparents____goingtovisittheYandangMountainstomorrow. A.willB.isC.areD.be 15.China____theWTOandbecameanewmemberofitlastyear. A.joinedB.join C.willjoinD.hasjoined动词时态练习 16.Look!Theboys______intheswimmingpool. A.swimB.swam C.wereswimmingD.areswimming 17.They____abouteighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm. A.willlearnB.havelearned C.learntD.hadlearned动词时态练习 18.Mygrandpaoften____usfunnystories. A.speaksB.tellsC.saysD.talks 19.MissLinisourEnglishteacher.She___usEnglishatschool. A.teachB.teaches C.areteachingD.wouldteach 20.Mike___hishomeworkandnowheiswatchingTV. A.hasfinishedB.finished C.willfinishD.finishes