2017-2018学年高二英语北师大版必修五教学案：Unit 15 Section 3含答案

2017-2018学年北师大版高中英语必修5教学案 　　 Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出单词 1．acquire　to gain knowledge or learn a skill 2．religion the belief in the existence of a god or gods 3．ignoreto behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something 4．urgeto strongly suggest that someone do something 5．inspire to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something 6．assumeto think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof Ⅱ.按要求写出单词 1．think(名词)→thought 2．worth(形容词)→worthy 3．defend(名词)→defence 4．willing(反义词)→unwilling 5．convention(形容词)→conventional 6．benefit(形容词)→beneficial 7．adapt(名词)→adaption 8．appreciate(名词)→appreciation Ⅲ.补全短语 1．to start with　　　　　　　首先 2．go against 反对 3．tend to 经常做，倾向于 4．(be) based on基于，在……的基础上 5．put forward 提出 6．in other words 　　　　 换句话说 7．be accustomed to 习惯于…… 8．come to one's defence 为某人辩护 9．make assumptions about 对……作出假设 10．approve of赞成，同意 11．be vital to对……重要 12．be beneficial to对……有益 1．...people like Galileo Galilei (1564～1642) who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 像伽利略这样证明了诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚，而没有人来保护他们。 [句式分析]　who引导定语从句。“with no one coming ...”为with复合结构作伴随状语。 [佳句赏析]　有向导引路，我们没费劲就找到了他的家。 We had no trouble finding his house with the guide leading the way. 2．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384～322 BC)． 人们愿意相信这些古老的观点也不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384～322 BC)提出来的。 [句式分析]　it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；as引导原因状语从句。 [佳句赏析]　这次考试他得第一名并不奇怪，因为他聪明又好学。 It is not surprising that he took first place as he studies hard as well as clever. 3．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 这些人懂得，知识和理解是要为之奋斗的事情，有些人(甚至)可能认为，对个人或人类来说，它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。 [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句，these men knew为主句，that引导宾语从句；some might say为插入语。 Learning constantly is very important for our life, but which do you think is better, trying to keep everything in mind or to understand them? And why? I_think_understanding_is_better_for_learning._Because_everything_is_changing,_there_is_too_much_information_for_us_to_memorize,_and_when_you_understand_it,_it_can_be_better_memorized._And_also,_as_we_get_older,_our_memory_is_getting_worse_and_worse,_but_our_understanding_is_stronger,_so_understanding_it_is_available._But_of_course,_memory_is_also_important._Without_a_good_memory,_we_can_not_learn_well. Ⅰ.Fast­reading Do the true or false questions according to the text. 1．People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.(T) 2．Most people in Bacon's time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.(F) 3．People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle wrong.(F) 4．Galilei proved that the Earth wasn't the centre of the universe, but he also made a mistake.(T) 5．We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.(F) Ⅱ.Careful­reading Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text. Understanding How did people think in Bacon's Time？ ·People believed more in ①religion than in facts.Those who proved scientific ideas were often punished by the church and no one came to ②defend them. ·People were unwilling to challenge what they had always believed and tended to make ③assumptions about the world on the ④basis of others' experience. How did people acquire knowledge nowadays？ We are accustomed to ⑤typing a few key words into a search engine and ⑥expecting the Internet to spit out the answers. How do scientists acquire knowledge and understanding？ ·To start with, they need questions. ·Then, they consider possible answers. ·After that, they ⑦test each to find the right ones. Conclusions ·No matter how great a scientist or a philosopher is, he can occasionally make ⑧mistakes. ·Our understanding of the world is ⑨constantly growing and changing and we need to step out of the ⑩conventional thought in order to explore the kingdom of knowledge. 考点1 acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到；养成(习惯等) [教材原句] It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 我们怎样获得知识和理解现在看起来好像显而易见了。 acquire knowledge/experience　　获得知识/经验 acquire a good knowledge of 学会，精通 acquire a taste for 开始喜欢 (2015·重庆 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 写作)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge. 与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的知识。 Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识，你才能正确地写作． He has acquired a taste for brandy at that time. 他在那个时候养成了喝白兰地的嗜好。 We should try to acquire good habits. 我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。 [辨析比较] gain 指在斗争、竞争中做出很大的努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定的价值 get 为普通词，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力 earn 意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力而获得 obtain 是较为正式的用语，指经过长期的努力，最终取得期待已久的东西 acquire 意为“获得，取得”，一般指经过漫长的过程而逐渐获得(知识、信息等) 选词填空： acquire, obtain, gain, earn, get ①Through hard work, they finally obtained their rights. ②I earned 2,000 pounds for one month's hard work. ③I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. ④The couple have acquired a good reputation (声誉) in art. ⑤A penny saved is a penny gained. 考点2 be accustomed to习惯于 [教材原句] Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us ... 虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们显示答案…… (1)get/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth. 　　　　　　　　　　习惯于(做)某事 be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 (2)custom n. 习惯，风俗，惯例 customs 海关，海关税 Her eyes quickly became/got accustomed to the dark. 她的眼睛很快就习惯了黑暗。 I didn't get used to the climate here a year ago, but now I've been used to. 一年前我还不习惯这里的气候，现在已经习惯了。 Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。 [名师指津] (1)be accustomed/used to 中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词。 (2)get/become/grow accustomed to 也表示“习惯于”，但它们多强调从“不习惯”到“习惯于”这一动态过程，意思是“变得习惯于”“开始习惯于”；而be accustomed/used to 往往表明“习惯于”的状态。 1．句型转换 ①It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations. →It took a while for me to get/become/growaccustomedto all the new rules and regulations. →It took a while for me to getusedto all the new rules and regulations. 2．完成句子 ②你已习惯了独自生活了吗？ Have you got accustomed_to_living_on_your_own? ③习惯于爬陡峭的山，他毫不费力地就爬上了山顶。 Accustomed_to_climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top. 考点3 tend to经常做；倾向于 [教材原句] The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。 (1)tend to do sth.　　　经常做某事；有做……的倾向 tend to/towards sth. 趋向，倾向于…… tend (to) sb. 照料，照看，护理某人 (2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势 I tend to your opinion to a certain extent. 一定程度上我倾向于赞成你的观点。 She spends her spare time tending (to) her old mother. 她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。 Roughly speaking, the tendency (tend) of the market is still uncertain. 大体来说，市场的趋势仍不确定。 完成句子 ①我冬天经常早睡。 I tend_to_go_to_bed_earlier during the winter. ②他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。 The sort of music he listens to varies, but tends_to_popular_music. ③护士熟练地护理着那些受伤的士兵。 The nurse skillfully tended_to_the_injured_soldiers. 考点4 approve of赞成，赞许 [教材原句] At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，人们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。 (1)approve vt.　　　　　　　　批准，通过 　　　vi. 赞成 (2)approval n. 批准，认可，赞同 give one's approval to 批准 with/without approval of 经/未经……的批准 I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要误了功课。 The National People's Congress approved these reports. 全国人民代表大会批准了这几个 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 。 He decided to go abroad for further study with the approval (approve) of his parents. 经父母同意他决定出国深造。 介词填空 ①She doesn't approve of my leaving school this year. ②His requirement for going abroad for further education had been approved by the university. ③She went to the evening party without her parents' approval. 考点5 urge v．力劝，催促；强烈要求 [教材原句] At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，人们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。 urge that ... (should) do ... 　力劝某人应做…… urge sb. to do sth. ＝ urge sb. into doing sth. 力劝某人做某事 urge sb. on to do sth. 驱策/鼓励某人做某事 He urged me to go there, but I refused. ＝ He urged me into going (go) there, but I refused. 他力劝我去那里，但我拒绝了。 The teacher urged us on to struggle against difficulties. 老师鼓励我们起来与困难作斗争。 [语境串记] An urgent bell rang, which urged us to get up quickly. We all knew a matter of urgency would happen. 紧急的铃声响起，催促我们快起床。我们知道紧急情况就要发生了。 1．单句语法填空 ①They urged that the Science Museum (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the vacation. ②He urged me to_accept/into_accepting(accept) his suggestion. 2．一句多译 他要求我们立即采取行动。 ③He_urged_us_to_take_an_immediate_action. ④He_urged_into_taking_an_immediate_action. ⑤He_urged_that_we_(should)_take_an_immediate_action. 考点6 inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励 [教材原句] But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多后继的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会出错的。 inspire sb. to do sth.　　　　鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth.＝ inspire sth. in sb. 激发某人某物 I hope this success will inspire you to make greater efforts. 我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。 The good news inspired us with pride and courage. ＝ The good news inspired pride and courage in us. 这一好消息激发了我们的自豪感和勇气。 [语境串记] I was inspired with your inspiring remarks, which brought me a creative inspiration. 你鼓舞人心的评论激励着我，给我带来了创作的灵感。 1．句型转换 ①What he said inspired us with confidence. →What he said inspiredconfidenceinus. →What he said inspiredustobeconfident. 2．完成句子 ②他所树立的榜样激发我们更加努力工作。 We are_inspired_to_work harder by his example. ③这个好消息使我们燃起了希望。 The good news inspired_us__with_hope. ④我们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲所激励。 All of us were_inspired_by_his_inspiring_speech. 考点7 assume vt.假定，假设；认为 [教材原句] Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth? 为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？ (1)assume＋n./pron.＋to be　　认为……是…… assume＋(that) ... 认为…… It is assumed that ... ……被认为 (2)assumption n. 假定，假设 make an assumption 认为，假定 on the assumption that ... 假定……，以……的设想为依据 (3)assuming (that) ... 假定…… We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。 On the assumption that everything is prepared, we can finish the task in 3 days. 假定一切准备好了，我们可以在3天内完成任务。 Assuming that you are right, what should we do next? 假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？ [名师指津]　在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有： (1)considering prep.&conj.鉴于，考虑到 (2)given prep.鉴于，考虑到 (3)including prep.包括，包含 (4)supposing conj.假设，假如 (5)provided/providing conj.假如，如果 (6)concerning prep.关于 1．句型转换 ①Considering what she has done, we assume her to be warm­hearted. →Considering what she has done, we assume(that)sheis warm­hearted. →Itisassumedthat she is warm­hearted considering what she has done. 2．完成句子 ②人们普遍认为努力工作会走向成功。 It_is_generally_assumed_that hard work leads to great success. ③假设他的 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt 是真的，我们应该怎么办？ Assuming_that_his_story_is_true,_what should we do. ④Let's work on_the_assumption_that (假定) our proposal will be accepted. 　It_is_not_surprising_that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384～322 BC)． 人们愿意相信这些古老的观点也不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384～322 BC)提出来的。 (1)在“It is＋adj.＋that ...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有necessary, strange, clear, possible, natural, important, likely, obvious等。 It is impossible that he will be here on time. 他不可能会按时到这儿。 It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿了。 (2)it作形式主语的其他常见句型 ①It＋be＋过去分词＋that ... 常见的过去分词有said, reported, believed, supposed, ordered, (well) known, suggested等。 It is reported that the fall of the landslide has caused two hundred deaths. 报报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。 ②It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that ... 常见的不及物动词(短语)有seem, appear, happen, turn out, occur to等。 It happened that we were all out that day. 碰巧那天我们都不在家。 ③It＋be＋名词(短语)＋that ... 常见的名词(短语)有a pity, a fact, a wonder, a surprise, no wonder等。 It is a pity that you didn't attend my birthday party last night. 很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。 1．句型转换 ①Obviously, he doesn't want to spend too much money. →Itisobviousthat he doesn't want to spend too much money. ②That our team has won the game is no surprise. →Itisnosurprisethat our team has won the game. ③That I couldn't ask for his opinion is a pity. →Itisapitythat I couldn't ask for his opinion. ④That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. →Itisgoodnewstousthat we are invited to a concert this evening. [对应学生课时达标训练(十一)] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The doctor suggested that he change his way of living (live)． 2．Her achievement is worthy (worth) of the highest praise. 3．Most people here are unwilling (willing) to give up their cars. They don't want to use buses instead. 4．At that time we had to make the assumption (assume) that the disease was spreading and took action to stop it. 5．Acupuncture (针灸) may work, but I still believe in a more conventional (convention) approach to medicine. 6．He stood up and said something in defense (defend) of himself. 7．Some food additives are regarded as beneficial (benefit) to people's health by the manufacturer. 8．If no agreement (agree) was reached, the army would step in. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．联合国敦促巴以双方停止交火。 The United Nations urges/urged Israel and Palestine to_stop fire. 2．春天人们往往会感到非常困倦。 People tend_to_feel very sleepy in spring. 3．我希望参加冬令营会对你有益。 I hope joining the winter camp will be_beneficial_to you. 4．他的父母不同意他独自旅行的决定。 His parents didn't approve_of his decision to travel on his own. 5．她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。 She was a person accustomed_to_having eight hours' sleep a night. Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空 “Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much，” said Francis Bacon.Now 1.it seems obvious how we acquire knowledge and understanding. However, in the 17th century, people believed more in religion 2.than in facts.3.As a result, people who proved scientific ideas were often 4.punished(punish)．Many people tended 5.to_ignore the facts and were 6.unwilling (willing) to challenge what they had believed.Till today, people still feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be 7.so.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is 8.constantly (constant) growing and changing.In other words, we learn more every day and 9.none of us can simply say, “We know it all.” “All truths are easy 10.to_understand (understand) once they are discovered；the point is to discover them，”said Galileo Galilei. Ⅳ.阅读理解 A It's one school where teachers will not be able to send dunces (后进生) to stand in the corner — because every classroom is round.All eight classrooms at the new school are built round.Teachers will stand in the middle with pupils sitting in a circle all around him. And instead of an old­fashioned blackboard, a projector (投影仪) will bounce (反射) words and pictures onto the classroom walls.The $ 4 million school is being built in the former mining village of Abergwynfi, near Neath, South Wales. Teachers and architects believe the classroom will be a big success.They believe that the 360 degree classrooms will give pupils a new learning experience and no chance to hide behind their desks in the back row.Neath Port Talbot Council spokesman Gareth Nutt said, “The teacher is in the centre of the classroom among the pupils.No one is at the back of the class and no one is at the front.” The classrooms, all grouped around a circular main building, make it look as if a flight of UFOs has landed in the village.Hi­tech features include windows which open and close automatically depending on the temperature.Local schoolboy Morgan Jones, 10, said，“It looks cool — a lot better than old­fashioned schools.” Some adults are less impressed.One parent said，“I have lovely memories of going to the old school in the village — it was a happy place with good teachers.The classrooms were square and the desks all lined up in rows with the best children in the front and the worst at the back — what was wrong with that？Everyone knew where they were then.It is not the shape of the classroom that is important but the teacher giving the lessons anyway.” 语篇解读：南威尔士建造了一种圆形的教室，这样的教室没有黑板，使用投影仪上课。老师站在中间，学生围着老师坐成一个圆圈，这样就不会造成好学生坐在前排而后进生坐在后排的现象了。 1．When having classes in the new classroom, the teachers can ________. A．stand in the front of the classroom B．ask some students to stand in the corner C．write the words on the blackboard D．teach without drawing pictures 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And instead of an old­fashioned ...onto the classroom walls.”可知，这里没有黑板，而是借助投影仪把图片和文字反射到墙上的。故D项正确，C项错误。根据第一段“Teachers will stand in the middle with pupils sitting in a circle all around him.”可知A项错误；根据文章第一句“...teachers will not be able to send dunces (后进生) to stand in the corner ...”可知B项错误。 答案：D 2．The writer wants to tell us ________. A．why the dunces don't have to stand in the corner B．how the teachers will teach in the new classroom C．what the new kind of classroom will be like D．what kind of equipment the teachers will need 解析：写作意图题。文章主要向我们描述了一种新型的教室布局。故正确答案为C项。 答案：C 3．According to the teachers and architects, this new kind of classroom will ________. A．cost too much money B．be needed only in villages C．provide the students the chance to hide D．become very popular 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Teachers and architects believe the classroom will be a big success.”可知，他们认为这种新型的教室会是一个巨大的成功。也就是说他们认为这种教室将会很受欢迎。 答案：D 4．What is the opinion of one parent? A．The best children had better not sit in the front. B．The shape of the classroom affects the students. C．The teachers' teaching plays an important role in school. D．The desk shouldn't be lined in rows. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is not the shape of the classroom that is important but the teacher giving the lessons anyway.”可知，在一个家长看来不是教室的形状而是教师的教学水平对学生的学习起重要作用。故正确答案为C项。 答案：C B If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault (过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering. 语篇解读：本文论述了记忆力不是天生的，而是靠后天培养的。 5. The main reason for one's poor memory is that ________. A．his father or mother may have a poor memory B．he does not use his arms or legs for some time C．his memory is not often used D．he can't read or write 解析：推理判断题。根据“When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it” 可推出答案为C。 答案：C 6. Which of the following is NOT true? A．Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs. B．Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don't give it enough chance for practice. C．Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory. D．A good memory comes from more practice. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，A、B、D项均正确，只有C项错误，所以选择C。 答案：C 7. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because ________. A．they have save much trouble B．they have saved much time to remember things C．they have to use their memories all the time D．they can't write everything in a little notebook 解析：推理判断题。根据“This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things ”和“...so their memory is the whole time being exercised”可知答案为C。 答案：C 8. Which is the best title for this passage? A．Don't Stop Using Your Arms or Legs B．How to Have a Good Memory C．Strong Arms and Good Memories D．Learn from the People 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲记忆力不是天生的，而是靠后天培养的，所以应该选择B。 答案：B Ⅴ.语法填空 Once upon a time, there was a mother who lived alone with her son. They worked very hard all year round 1.but they still couldn't make ends meet. They really looked forward to making their life better, but didn't know how. One year, a merchant came to the village. He needed to spend some weeks there. The merchant was so kindhearted that he made a 2.decision (decide) to help the poor mother. He gave 3.them some money from time to time.Because they 4.were_helped (help) by the merchant, they lived a 5.better (good) life than before. But day after day, the woman became 6.greedy (greed)．One day, she talked to her son, “The merchant will leave sooner or later. After he leaves, we'll live 7.poorly (poor) again. Since he lives alone and isn't always at home, we can go and get all his money.” But the son instantly refused 8.to_do (do) so, saying, “Oh, no, Mom! We should never do that. He helps us a lot! We should be grateful to him instead of robbing him.” 9．Having_heard (hear) her son's words, the woman gave up her evil idea. When the merchant left, he took the son with him and taught him how to do business. And the son returned as 10.a successful merchant. 1