2014年专业八级考试试题及答案解析(五十)

专业八级考试试题及答案解析(五十) 一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共4小题,共4.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题 How many people recognized the man in the pictures within 2 days? A 24. B 3. C 640. D 48. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] A worldwide appeal to find a man suspected of sexually abusing young boys in Southeast Asia has led to his arrest in the United States. [1] Interpol published photos of the man showing him abusing the boys. Within 48 hours, three people had identified him as Wayne Corliss. He was arrested in his apartment in New Jersey. An Interpol statement said he confessed to police. Interpol Secretary General Ronald Noble told the BBC how they were, able to track him down so quickly. "We received approximately 640 leads or further inquiries of one sort or another within the first 24 hours. [2] From those leads, we were able to identify one lead immediately that included the stage name of the person who has now been arrested, a photograph and his bio." Said Ronald Noble. [解析] 新闻中提到国际刑警将此男虐待男孩的照片印制出来以供辨认，48小时内就有3人指认他为Wayne Corliss，故B项正确。 [点睛] 事实细节题。重点抓住与题干信息相关的数字。 第2题 Which one is NOT included in the clue that helped the police identify the man? A His picture. B His apartment number. C His pseudonym. D His vita. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 新闻中提到国际刑警很快从众多的线索中确定了一条有用线索，此线索包括此男的艺名、一张照片以及他的个人简历。B不在此列，是正确选项。 [点睛] 事实细节题。①听音重点放在警察抓捕此男时所依据的线索，新闻听力常在对内容进行具体列举的部分出题。②A选项中picture是对原文中photograph的替换，D项的vita是对原文bio的替换，预读后听音须能对这三个词迅速做出反应。 第3题 The strike has broken out in South Africa because A more than one hundred miners died in a disaster. B black miners have been calling for a wage rise. C miners wanted to mourn over colleagues' death. D miners wanted to better their working conditions. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] South Africa's black miners have observed a one-day strike to mourn the death of one hundred and seventy-seven of their co-workers killed in a fire at the Kinross gold mine last month. Workers in other industries also participated in the symbolic action. More than a quarter of a million black miners were on strike to protest their colleagues' deaths, about half the country's total of 600,000 gold and coal miners, costing the mining industry an estimated $4,000,000. The stay-away was total at the Kinross gold mine where last month's disaster occurred. Black miners stayed inside their barrack-like hostels. Reporters were barred from the mine. In central Johannesburg, a protest meeting was held by the Black National Union of Mineworkers which called the strike action. A union, spokesman said miners had gathered not to mourn, but to commit themselves to liberation from apartheid and economic exploitation. White church leader, Bayers Nordea, told the crowd, "The accident at Kinross need never have occurred, and the one hundred and seventy-seven men need not have died." 第4题 Which of the following statements about the strike is TRUE? A The strike has resulted in a great loss to the mining industry. B A few reporters were allowed to approach the mine. C Half the country's black miners were on strike. D A white church leader called the strike action. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 二、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共19小题,共19.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them. The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic makeup could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent. The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests. However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in mm, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected. The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carded no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men. Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Twothirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account. In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes Raveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case. The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids A is always accurate and reliable. B is proved to be inaccurate. C may sometimes show inaccuracy. D has helped end doping in sport. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题目直接定位到第2段。 [解析] 该段最后两句表明了合成类固醇检测产生的两个结果，体现了这种检测的不准确性，故C正确。 [点睛] A、D两项的表述过于绝对，B项则完全否定了这种检测的作用，均不能选。 第2题 According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? A 1:1. B 2.5:1. C 3.3:1. D 4.5:1. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据ratio between TG and EG定位到第3段。 [解析] 第3段最后一句提到，根据奥林匹克官方政策，如果前者与后者的比值大于4:1，就有使用兴奋剂的嫌疑，各选项中只有D大于4:1，因此应选D。 [点睛] 数字推断题。本题难点在于选项信息在文中并未直接出现，但它们给我们提供了一个方向，首先应准确理解文中的信息点：两者的比值达到多少才是可疑的，再核对各选项便不难找出正确答案。 第3题 Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? A None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people. B Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17. C Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2Bi7. D Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据UGT2B17定位到第4、5、6段。 [解析] 原文第6段第2句句末表明不到1/10的高加索人没有UGT2B17基因的正常变体，C中的Most与原文该句中的under a tenth不符，故选C。 [点睛] 细节辨析题。A是对原文第4段第3句前半句的同义改写；B是对第4段第4句的同义改写；第6段第2句中的Two-thirds表明D的说法正确。 第4题 Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games? A Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee. B Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results. C Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism". D Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题干的bring a copy of their genetic profile定位到最后一段。 [解析] 从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出，由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果，带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护，因此选B。 [点睛] A、B、C只是利用原文最后一段的片言只语随意拼凑，只要结合前文的说明不难排除它们。 第5题 Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think. None of those appeals to Loft Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher. It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight. But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll. The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validatiou of your work and approval." So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year". Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit." Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting." Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says. Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next. One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies. He was lured by the salary (SI million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mnstique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job. He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled, "So, I can still dream," he adds. I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure." According to the passage, A many people don't ask for much about their dream job. B most Americans are not satisfied with their jobs. C Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current job. D Lori Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据各选项内容定位到第2、3、4段。 [点睛] 细节辨析题。B第4段最后一句提到大部分美国人在一定程度上满意自己的工作，B与引表述不符；第2段最后两句Lori Miller提到自己对目前工作还有一些不满意，C的表述与此不符；D与第2段第2句loves it表述不符。此外，过于绝对化的表述一般不为答案，据此也可排除C和D。 [解析] 第3段第1句turns out后的内容表明对理想职业要求不高的人多得出奇，A是对该句的同义改写，因此选A。 第6题 What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? A To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job. B To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs. C To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph. D To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题目直接定位到文章第4段。 [解析] 第3段讲述的是很多人对理想职业的要求并不高，而第4段针对这一点进一步说明，并提出了论据，即盖洛普民意调查得出的结论，因此应选C。 [点睛] 段落逻辑题。A是第3段的内容；B属于第4段中的论据，但这两项均不能体现第4段在文中的作用，注意排除这两个干扰项。 第7题 The phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 means A a field for playing level games. B a level for playing field games. C a phenomenon of inequality. D a platform of fair competition. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题目直接定位到第6、7段。 [解析] 第6段讲到金钱对Elizabeth Gray的吸引力不及a level playing field，而后面接着讲述一个承包人根本没完成工作却得到酬金，还被授予“年度承包人”的头衔，这说明了工作中存在不公平竞争，而第7段讲到Elizabeth Gray希望那些真正付出劳动的人们应该得到奖励，因此可以推测出这个词组的意思为“公平竞争平台”，因此选D。 [点睛] 短语理解题。对这种题的解答需紧密联系上下文。通常比较表面、用同样字眼来解释的选项不是答案，故可在预读选项时排除A和B。 第8题 All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT A demonstrating duty and achievement. B being free of politics. C making people dream about it. D involving alcohol drinking. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据各选项内容定位到第1、5、7、11段。 [解析] D的内容只在第1段出现，且该段中的alcohol和paycheck并列出现，实际上alcohol蕴含的意思是“玩乐”，paycheck蕴含的意思是“赚钱”，表明有人认为理想的工作就是玩乐赚钱两不误，而alcohol drinking并不属于题干features of a dream，所以选D。 [点睛] 细节题。A与第5段第1句内容相符；B与第7段第1句中的free of politics相符；C与第11段第1句内容相符。它们都属于理想工作的特征。 第9题 The passage is mainly about A how people should choose their jobs. B how to survive workplace politics. C what people's dream jobs are like. D what to do to have a dream job. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 全文。 [解析] 本文主要讲述了人们对理想职业的要求，即人们认为的理想职业是怎样的，因此应选C。 [点睛] 主旨题。本文一开始就提到“如果所有工作任你选，你会选择做什么”，并在行文中不断提到人们心中的理想职业，因此不难总结出文章主旨为“what people's dream jobs are like”。 第10题 Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers. So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown " immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever, its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestié. Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They are prospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home. Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data. Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets. BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Col, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Col planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly. Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries. Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on fiat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flashcards by hand. The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about. According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, A India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influenced. B India's milk market will be completely lapped up. C Amul will lose in the competition with EI. D Unilever and Nestl6 will leave the Indian market. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题干中的EI enters the Indian dairy business定位到第2段。 [解析] 第2段开头两句提到，EI未必能蚕食掉印度牛奶市场。A讲到印度牛奶市场未必会受到巨大影响，与原文意思最接近，因此选A。 [点睛] 细节辨析题。B与第2段开头两句相矛盾，故不正确；第3段第1句说到Amul是“本土发电机”的企业之一，说明它实力强，C的推断无原文支持；第2段最后一句提到Unilever和Nestle,但文中并未提及这两家公司会退出印度市场，所以D也无原文支持。 第11题 According to the passage, "local dynamos" are firms that A are venturing abroad most eagerly. B tend to be more capital-intensive. C are prey to "export fetishism". D mostly focus on home market. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题干中的local dynamos定位到第3段。 [解析] 第3段第2句提到，这些“本土发动机’’企业在其国内市场繁荣发展，而not focused on国外扩张，因此D符合文意。 [点睛] 词汇辨析题。local dynamos在文中用了双引号，其本身有比喻义。该词属于比较生僻的词汇，通常作者会在后面加以解释，要理解它的意思可以从其后的解释中获得。 第12题 According to the passage, "export fetishism" A has lost its appeal for emerging economies. B values international success for a firm. C encourages firms to become "local dynamos". D has been endorsed by a recent review. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题目中的export fetishism定位到第4段。 [解析] 第4段"export fetishism"后面一句，解释了它所指的观点，即国际市场上的成功是一个企业最能引以为傲的资本，做B符合文意。 [点睛] 词汇辨析题。export fetishism在文中也加了双引号，它是由哈佛大学的Dani Rodrik提出，解题思路和方法同上面的22题。 第13题 All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT A relying more on skilled labor. B specializing in Consumer businesses. C taking advantage of the cheap workforce. D better understanding home consumers' tastes. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 从题目中的the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil定位到第5、6、8段。 [解析] 第5段最后一句提到the feat，并在之后几段讲述了获得这一本领的几种方法。A的内容在第8段第 1句的后一分句提及，但是该分句中的主语they指的是前一分句中的主语Exporters，所以是出口商更依赖熟练的劳动力，因此选A。 [点睛] 细节辨析题。本题难点在于要理解题干中蕴含的主语(即动作的发出者)是什么。on home soil表明了需要在本土抵抗外企业的冲击应该是前文提到的local dynamos。B和D在原文第8段第2句提及，它们动作的发出者都是local dynamos，故均不能选。 第14题 Which of the following would the author most probably agree? A Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing. B Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home. C Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world. D Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 全文。 [解析] 原文第3段最后一句提到最热心于海外经营的公司在本上并不一定是最成功的，而第5段最后一句也提到在本土抵抗外国企业的冲击是一项不逊于在全球市场将他们击败的高超本领，结合这两句可推断发展中国家中最成功的公司并不一定都是全球化的，A正确。 [点睛] B“最热心于海外经营的公司在本土往往是最为成功的”与第3段最后一句矛盾；C“本土发动机公司在全世界都是最成功的”过于绝对的；D“全球化对新兴经济体国家的公司没有好处”在文中没有体现。 第15题 It is hard for modem people to imagine the life one hundred years ago, No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet. Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The bypass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever. A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels. When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses. Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a " disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person." Within a year, the time had been reduced W five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines. Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come." Many of totay's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'" To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means A he made quality wheels famous to the whole world. B he produced cars for free for people all over the world. C his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a car. D his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 从题目的the man who put the world on wheels定位到第3段。 [解析] 第3段第1句是对题干引号中内容的解释，而C是对该句的同义改写，故C正确。 [点睛] 文意推断题。对文意的推断通常需联系上下文来理解。A、B、D的内容都不能从上下文推断得出，故不能选。 第16题 The idea of assembly line came from A slaughter houses. B Japan. C auto engines. D cars. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 从题目及选项内容定位到第4段。 [解析] 第4段最后一句提到这种方法起源于屠宰场，且第5段对此作了详细介绍，因此可直接得出答案A。 [点睛] 推断题。本题需要综合分析定位句子，稍加计算便可得出正确答案。 第17题 The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year. A 20% B 38% C 65% D 75% 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 从题目中的reduced the time以及within a year定位到第5、6段。 [解析] 第5段倒数第2句讲到完成整个组装过程的工人，平均每人每20分钟组装一台磁石发电机，第6段第1句讲到一年内，时间减少到5分钟，可知时间减少了75%，因此选D。 第18题 Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was A $260. B $130. C $520. D $1040. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 从题干中的the price of a Ford's car以及选项数字定位到第6段。 [解析] 第6段第5句讲到Henry Ford将自己生产出来的汽车削价一半，降至每辆260美元，可知之前的汽车价格应为520美元，应选C。 [点睛] 推断题。该句中的in half是解题关键，结合$260便不难排除A、B、D。 第19题 The last paragraph implies that A Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturers. B Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and Tomorrow. C Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the Americans. D Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [定位] 根据题目直接定位到最后一段。 [解析] 最后一段引语部分讲到丰田高官采用完全不同的制造方法的想法来自Today and Tomorrow这本书，而这是日本革新的一个例子，可见B“很多日本的革新都从《今天和明天》吸取灵感”正确。 [点睛] 内容推断题。在第6段中作者在提到《今天和明天》这本书时，说它是关于Henry Ford的革新，而不是针对具体技术问题的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ，故A不对；文中并没有提到这本书究竟是在日本还是在美国更受欢迎，C也不对；D的说法过于绝对，文中末尾只是说《今天和明天》被日本人拿来参考，但不足以证明它是百科全书，所以D不对。 三、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共5小题,共5.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题 What is special about Mr. Phelps's degree? A It integrates an assortment of courses. B It includes Economics in the curriculum. C Courses are taught individually. D Students learn in separate booths. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]1-5 W: Mr. Phelps. I'm Margaret Smith. please sit down. M: Thank you. Good afternoon Mrs. Smith. W: Well now Mr. Phelps--for a start--and just to set the bail rolling--can I check that you're applying for the post of Management trainee? And that you're graduating in integrated Business Studies? Tell me, why integrated? Is there something special about this degree? M: Yes, in a way there is. [1] The subjects in the program, Finance, Marketing, and Banking, and so on, are taught as aspects of a single study that of Business, rather than as separate disciplines which the student has to relate to each other as best he can. I chose it for that reason. W: And what advantage do you think it has over a more conventional course of study? M: I think it's more coherent and more motivating. Everything we have done, including the study of Economics which can easily seem rather dry and remote, is related to one or more of the sorts of careers that we plan to take up. W: And what makes you apply for this training position Mr. Phelps? M: I want to work for one of the premier banks of the world. And I want the training opportunities offered by Citibank. W: [2] You see long term opportunities as more important than the immediate salary, do you? M: Yes, I do. And my family agrees with me--and that's generous of them. I'm looking two or three years ahead. W: Tell us a bit more about these extra-curricular activities of yours. What exactly did you do when you organized this--what is it now? Orientation camp? M: Well It wasn't a camp under canvas with singsongs round a campfire of course! [3] We had a number of students who were going to join us in September living on campus during August, and we tried to give them experience of some features of university life that might be unfamiliar and rather alarming. Not academic classes and lectures, but living together, and making friends and taking part in some outside activities, but not too many. And we tried to show them what we had learned about how to organize work, so as to do justice to a range of different subjects. And to let them know the points at winch they needed to make choices. And to know that we students in the year senior to them, were friendly and really wanted them to do well. W: Sounds good. That kind of responsibility can be intimidating if you are dropped into it without any sort of assistance, especially if you are the first member of your family to get into university. M: Yes, indeed it can. That was what happened to me. My parents were entirely supportive, but they simply had no idea what the experience of university study was like. It took me several months to find my feet. That's why I was keen to get involved in the orientation project. W: So what do you get out of your involvement? M: As I said, I learned how to identify the problems, and to talk about them in terms that newcomers to the university could understand--or at least, I got to be much better at it! It's actually quite a difficult thing to do. W: Can you tell me, in just a sentence or two, how. you see a career in Management? M: [4] Essentially I see Management as an activity that involves problem solving, and communication. A manager identifies and resolves increasingly complex and significant problems as his career develops and he has to communicate adequately the solutions he finds. He has to be able to find a suitable form of words to communicate to his superiors, his colleagues, and increasingly as he gains experience, with the people junior to him. W: Yes, I'd agree with you there. And you imply, Mr. Phelps, that he has to be a team worker. Yet you claim that you can work independently. Can you reconcile these two claims? M: I think so. I don't see them as contradictory when I say that I can work independently I mean that I'm a self-starter. If I see that something needs doing I like to check lust that it does fall within my terms of reference, and then to get on with it. Of course you have to be careful that you don't tread on someone else's patch if you do that. I'm afraid I've learnt that the hard way. W: Mr. Phelps, have you any questions for us? M: Do you think there may be opportunities in future for today's recruits to work--for a time--elsewhere than Hong Kong? [5] I'm very keen to see something more of South East Asia and I'm especially interested in the possibility of Japan. W: I think the future prospects for people joining us now are very good indeed. Anything further Mr. Phelps? M: No, thank you. And thanks for the opportunity of the interview. I do hope I'll hear further from you. W: Well. We usually expect to be in touch with successful applicants within a week. Thank you for coming in. It's been good to talk to you. [解析] 面试一开始,Mrs. Smith问Mr．Phelps所学专业integrated Business Studies的具体情况， Mr．Phelps回答，它综合了与商务有关的各门互相联系的课程，因此A正确。 [点睛] 事实细节题。说话人有时会对自己说过的某个概念或某句话加以解释，听音时应善于从前后信息的互相印证中获取线索，例如当听到Mr. Phelps解释integrated Business Studies 时，应抓住“rather than as separate disciplines”，“relate to each other”等互相印证的关键词。 第2题 Which of the following does Mr. Phelps consider the LEAST when applying for the vacancy? A The reputation of the bank. B Good training opportunities. C Room for long-term career growth. D Immediate wages and bonuses. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 面试开始不久时，Mrs. Smith问到求职动机时，Mr．Phelps的回答表明他更看重长远的机会，着眼于两三年后的发展，而非眼前的工资。可见短期的待遇不是他求职时看重的方面，D为正确答案。 [点睛] 推理判断题。①听音时注意前后互为对比的信息，有助于核实对信息的理解，录音中long term 和immediate就是意思相反的关键词。②Mr. Phelps提到想到世界顶级银行工作；又提到希望能有 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 的机会；此外，他更看重长期目标，故A、B、C均符合他的求职动机。 第3题 What is Orientation Camp mainly about? A Having fun around a campfire in open air. B Helping freshmen adapt to college life. C Welcoming newcomers at the school gate. D Offering optional courses free of charge. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从Phelps的回答可知，Orientation Camp这个活动的内容主要是在暑假8月份左右时老生与新生分享大学生活经验、消除他们对新生活的陌生感，因此B正确。 [点睛] 推理判断题。选项A和D与Mr. Phelps对迎新营会的解释刚好相反；选项C无原文依据。 第4题 According to Mr. Phelps, being a good manager means all the following EXCEPT A putting his ideas across to others. B solving thorny problems. C explaining solutions to others. D planning ahead of colleagues. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 面试中，Mrs．Smith问Mr．Phelps如何看待“a career in Management”，Mr．Phelps主要是从发现问题、解决问题、上传下达的角度作答，没有提及“比同事早规划”，故D是正确答案。 [点睛] 观点态度题。谈到称职的经理应具备的能力时，Mr. Phelps提到应能处理复杂重大问题，故B符合题意；他还提到充分传达解决方案，故C符合他的认识；此外他还提到应能用适当话语向他人表达他的意见，故A符合他的认识。 第5题 When encouraged to ask the interviewer a question, Mr. Phelps shows interest in opportunities to A work elsewhere in Asia. B receive training in Europe. C rise to managerial position. D make independent decisions. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 对话接近尾声时，Mr. Phelps问到新招聘的员工是否有机会在香港以外的地方工作，例如去东南亚，并表示他最想去日本。因此A是正确答案。 [点睛] 事实细节题。熟悉面试中话题发展的模式是预测信息的有效方式。一般面试即将结束前考官会让应聘者提一两个问题，此时应聘一般会得体问到招聘广告中没有言明而他们又关心的问题，这常会作为考点。 none、四（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 How Interpreters Work? Ⅰ. Understanding A. About words and expressions —(1) ______ words may be left out:  —If not knowing a key word or expression, a) admit or clarify the question if necessary, with the delegates. b) deduce from (2) ______  B. About ideas/concepts —(3) ______ of different kinds of texts that  a) present logical arguments b) present a sequence of (4) ______  c) are descriptive, focusing on an event, a scene or a situation —identification of the main ideas —analysis of ideas linked by (5) ______  Ⅱ. Memorization of a speech A. Objective —to create a telegraphic version of the discourse —to link its different parts through its semantic-logical connections B. Means of memorization —concentrating on the ideas —connecting main ideas to a series of (6) ______  —focusing on the links among the main ideas Ⅲ. (7) ______ of the content in another language  A. Goal: make sure the audience understand the speech. B. Suggestions: —enriching one's general vocabulary and style —following the press in one's native language —watching TV, see movies, etc. in the (8) ______ language  Ⅳ. Conclusion A. Interpreting is a profession that is all about communication: —"make their own speech" (9) ______ the speeches they interpret  —be faithful to the original speech —as accurate as possible B. Interpreters should take advantage of all the possible (10) ______ available in their working languages.  【正确答案】： 答案:Unimportant/Less important [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]1-10 How Interpreters Work Good morning. Today I'd like to give you a brief introduction to an interpreter's work. Generally speaking, an interpreter has to fulfill three stages during his work: the understanding of the speaker's original message, the memorization of a speech and the re-expression of the same content in another language, with the help of some notes the interpreter writes down upon hearing the original message. The first stage is the understanding. The understanding we refer to here is not of words but of ideas, since an interpreter has to convey concepts. But what happens if an interpreter doesn't know one word or an expression that he or she hears in a speech? First of all we can underline that an interpreter can understand a speaker's meaning without actually understanding every single word and expression used. There are other occasions, however, where [1] a word is too important to be left out. ff the interpreter does not know a key word, there can be problems. But after hearing the whole speech, he or she should be able to deduce the meaning of it from the context, given the numbers of clues they have. Moreover, interpreters cannot be expected to be encyclopaedic dictionaries, and they must accept that there are times when they do not know a word or an idiomatic expression. In a situation of direct contact with the delegates, the interpreter must admit his or her ignorance and, if necessary, clarify the question with the delegates. On the other hand, the interpreter does not have the right to guess at meanings in order to hide a normally possible, even if embarrassing, situation. Furthermore, in order to understand meaning without knowing all the lexical items, [2] and to be able to deduce from context, interpreters must in any case have a thorough knowledge of their working languages. [3] in order to understand the ideas of a speech, an interpreter needs to get familiar with different kinds of texts. They can present logical arguments showing both points of view on a question before arriving at a synthetic conclusion, [4] they can be a sequence of logical deductions leading to an obvious conclusion according to the speaker's point of view, and they may simply be descriptive, focusing on an event, a scene or a situation. What follows is the identification of the main ideas. In order to understand a message, an interpreter has to identify the main ideas and give them their proper relevance in the interpretation. And, owing to the intrinsic difficulty of a speech or to the speaker's speed, he or she might be forced to omit one or more elements of the original. It is clear that if the interpreter doesn't translate some details, the interpretation will not be perfect but still adequate, whereas, if he or she misses out significant points of the discourse, the result will be a seriously flawed performance. Indeed, interpreters should be capable of providing a summary of a speech, since delegates often don't want a detailed interpretation but only an exhaustive and precise summary of what has been said. What's going on next in understanding phase is the analysis of links of the main ideas. A speech is not only a sequence of ideas, but also a series of ideas related to one another in a particular way. [5] Ideas may be linked by logical consequences, logical causes, put together without cause-effect relations, and may also be expressed by a series of opposing concepts. The second stage of interpreting is the memorization of a speech. The objective is to create a telegraphic version of the discourse, and to link its different parts through its semantic-logical connections. We have different means to remember a speech. One possibility is that of internally visualizing the content of a speech and creating images in one's mind. Specifically speaking, an interpreter needs to concentrate on ideas, not on single words, [6] connect the main ideas to a series of numbers, and then concentrate on the links among the main ideas so as to reproduce the structure of the speech as a kind of skeleton. [7] The third stage of interpreting is re-expression. After understanding, analyzing and memorizing, interpreters have to re-express the speech they have just heard. It must be clear that they are not required to give an academically perfect translation. Their role is to make sure the speaker is understood by the audience so real interpreters have to continue to work on their working languages, including their mother tongue, with the aim of keeping them rich, lively, effective and up-to-date. Therefore, they must be informed about the latest national or international events with the purpose of learning new terminology and also of grabbing the spirit of the era we're living in. To this end, it is possible to suggest the following advice: First, constantly enrich one's general vocabulary and style, through regular reading of a broad range of well-written publications in all working languages; Second, follow the press in one's native language too, which is of particular importance for interpreters living abroad; Third, [8] watch television, see movies, go to the theatre and listen to songs in their original language. To sum up, it's tree that an interpreter's work involves only three basic processes, i.e., understanding, memorization and re-expression. 'Interpreting is a profession that is all about communication. In order to communicate well, interpreters have to "make their own speech" [9] based on the speeches they interpret, and their speech must be faithful to the original and as accurate as possible in the above three processes. [10] They should take advantage of all the possible resources available in their working languages in order to reach an effective, clear and elegant level of performance. [解析] 讲座介绍口译工作的第一步理解阶段时，提到“a word is too important to be left out”，由此可推断，可以忽略的应是不重要的词语，故答案为Unimportant或Less important。 [点睛] ①此题要结合对口译的理解阶段大意的理解进行推断。录音开头反复强调在理解阶段要记concepts，而不要记words，但important words不能遗漏。②根据考题空格后的名词words可知，空白处应为形容词，且位于句首需大写。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:the context/context [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此题属于Understanding的内容，说的是重要的词语若没有听到应如何处理，录音提到，这种情况下信息应当“deduce from context"，由此可知答案为the context或context。 [点睛] ①first of all，furthermore等过渡词后的内容常为考点，听音时要加以注意。②根据考题空格后的介词from可知，空白处应为名词。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:mastery/knowledge [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 录音提到"needs to get familiar with different kinds of texts"，结合题目可推断山，对于不同的text的处理，应当要熟悉、理解或掌握，故答案为 mastery或knowledge。 [点睛] 录音为get familiar with different kinds of texts，但根据考题空格后的介词of可知，空白处应为名词性成分，因而找到其同义表达mastery或knowledge填入空格内。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:logical deductions [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 承接上一题，录音提到，有的篇章是一系列逻辑推理，可以根据讲座者的观点得出明显结论，因此答案应为logical deductions。 [点睛] 根据考题空格前的介词of可知，空白处应为名词。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:logical consequences/logical causes [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本题仍属于理解阶段对于观点的处理。在讲到一些主要信息时，讲座者提到这些信息应当“be linked by logical consequences，logical causes”，可知答案为logical consequences或logical causes。 [点睛] ①像what's going on next 这类过渡词后的内空常设为考题，听音时要注意 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 。②根据考题空格后的介词by可知，空白处应为名词或动名词。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:numbers [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 紧接着讲座者人讲到了口译的第二个阶段 memorization of a speech，其中讲到方式时，提到“connect the main ideas to a series of numbers”，故答案为numbers。 [点睛] ①表示一系列同类内容是常考之处，应做好笔记。②由考题空格前的of可知，空白处应为名词。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:Re-expression [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 此题涉及口译过程的另一阶段，“The third stage Of interpreting is re-expression"。若此点漏记，根据题目下面的内容可推断出这里讲的是表达阶段，再结合所听内容，可知答案为Re-expression。 [点睛] ①要点提示词the third stage 后的信息是常考之处，笔记应特别注意。②录音开始与结尾提到，多次提到的内容也是常考之处。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:original/source [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 录音提到看原声电视、电影、戏剧，听原版歌曲有助于re-expression，因此答案为original或近义词source。 [点睛] 若笔记漏记，可根据是上给出的已知信息推断，看电视、电影有帮助，显然只有在这些电影或电视是用目标语说出时才有效，由此可推测出答案。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:based on [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 最后进行总结，说到口译说到底就是与人沟通，录音提到"make their own speech based on the speeches they interpret'’，由此可知答案为based on。 [点睛] 表目的关键词in order to 之后的信息常考，笔记中不宜忽视。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:resources [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 录音中提到口译者应当利用各种资源 (all the possible resources available)，由此可知答案为resources。 [点睛] 表示总结的词句后是要点，应做好笔记。 none、五（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread farther westward. For a long time the railroad companies met with troubled mechanical problems. The most (1) ______ serious were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of the safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, (2) ______ and the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. (3) ______ By 1860 they had built thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward in the Mississippi. The high point in railroad building came by the construction of the (4) ______ first transcontinental railroad. In 1862 Congress had authorized two (5) ______ railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point so as to complete a transcontinental system. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. (6) ______ The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each tried to cover a (7) ______ greater distance than the other. In 1869, they met at a place called Promontory. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells honor the great achievement. (8) ______ The railroad was very important in discouraging westward movement. (9) ______ It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapid to distant markets. (10) ______ 【正确答案】： 答案:troubled→troublesome [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 易混同误用。troubled作形容词用时，含义为“忧虑的；混乱的”，不能与其后的problems搭配；troublesome意为“令人烦恼的，麻烦的”，能与problems搭配。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:the→a [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 语法错误。此处system是泛指且第一次提及，因此应使用不定冠词a。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:and→and [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 句法结构错误。Once为连同，引导条件状语从句；故and之后的the railroad was...应理解为主句，故需删除and。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:by→with [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 介词错误。此句意为“随着第一条跨州铁路的建成，修建铁路的高潮到来了”，with表示伴随条件或状况。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:bad→had [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 语法错误。此句句首有表示过去的时间状语 In 1862，因此这里只能用一般过去时。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:⊥the Union→while [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 句法结构错误。此处前后两个句子表示对比：前句提到“The Central Pacific Company used Chinese labor”；后句提到“the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers”，故应使用while“而”来连接这两个句子。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:tried→trying [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 句法结构错误。由The two groups及each和 the other可知，tried的逻辑主语是The two groups (两个公司的人)，因此应将tried改成表主动的现在分词trying，构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:⊥honor→to [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 语法错误。主句为there be句型，主干成分已完整，后面为“with+复合结构”。介词with的复合宾语，第一部分由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、动词不定式等充当，因此要在honor前加to。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:discouraging→encouraging [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 篇章错误。根据上文及下文的also helped，消极意义的discourage“使气馁”应改为积极意义的encourage"促进，鼓励”，表示“在促进西进运动方面，铁路发挥了非常重要的作用”。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:rapid→rapidly [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [解析] 词性误用。此行的by介词短语结构与上一行的by结构并列，动名词distributing需要用副词来修饰，因此需把形容词rapid改为副词rapidly。 六、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 你得承认，多媒体不只是一件东西．而是包括许多东西的复杂的组合：硬件、软件和这两者相遇时的界面。不，我们还忘了一件很重要的事情．多媒体还包括你。是的．就是！对于多媒体．你不再县一个被动的观众-株可以控制可以交互作用．可以让它按你的需要去做。这就意味着你可以按照自己的需要来调整多媒体的表达形式。在一个 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 中．你可以不管那些无用的东西而直接进入重要的数据可以将感兴趣的全世界的报告和图片收集汇编到一起。这就是多媒体的力量和它与传统媒体(如书本和电视)的区别所在。 【正确答案】： You should agree that multimedia isn't any one thing but a complex entity① that involves many things: hardware, software, and the interface② where they meet. But we've forgotten③ the most important thing that multimedia involves: you. Yeah, sure. With multimedia, you don't have to be a passive recipient④. You can control. You can interact. You can make it do what you want it to do. It means you can tailor a multimedia presentation to your own needs. You can cut through⑤ the chaff⑥ and dig directly into the important data in a report, put together reports and video clips from around the world that interest you. [解析] ①以entity 译“组合”，比较正式，也可以译成combination。 ②专业文章的翻译会涉及专业词汇和专业知识。本段中的专业语汇包括“多媒体”(multimedia)、“硬件”(hardware)、“软件”(software)、“界面”(interface)和“数据”(data)。 ③“还”在汉语中表示某种现象继续存在；或某种动作继续进行，因此译为现在完成时have forgotten。 ④“观众”一词本身就含有被动接受的意思，译为recipient即可，加passive一词，使被动意思更加鲜明。 ⑤在遇到肯定否定逻辑转换，即翻译正说反说的时候，可根据语境、语义、语气等因素作必要的变通。这里用正说 cut through译反说“不管”，意思是不考虑、不顾及，也可以用ignore，disregard等动词来翻译。 ⑥chaff原指谷物的麸皮，此处用来译“无用的东西”，是比喻的用法。也可以用garbage，non-significant data等来译，只是直白了许多，并没有错。 七、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 Gentlemen do not just prefer blondes, but lighter-skinned women in general, a study has suggested. Scientists looking into attractiveness in men and women suggest that men from all races find fairer-skinned woman most alluring, while women are the polar opposite and favor darker, brooding men. They said the attraction is driven by preferences based on moral assumptions. Men are subconsciously attracted to fairer-skinned icons because of the skin tone's association with innocence, purity, modesty, virginity, vulnerability and goodness. Women, on the other hand, pick men with darker complexions because these are associated with sex, virility, mystery, villainy and danger. Academics at the University of Toronto in Canada say their study proves the fair maiden of myth has a basis in scientific reality. They studied more than 2,000 advertising photographs and found that the skin of white women was 15.2 per cent lighter than the skin of white males, and the skin of black women 11.1 per cent lighter than the skin of black men. 【正确答案】： 科研人员对男性和女性的吸引力特征进行探究后发现①，所有种族的男性都认为肤色较浅的女性最具吸引力，而女性的观点则正好相反，她们更青睐肤色黝黑的深沉男士②。 研究人员称，这种喜好取决于对异性的“道德假定”③偏好。男性潜意识里更青睐皮肤白皙的女明星，因为这种肤色④让人联想到天真、单纯、端庄、纯洁、柔弱和善良。然而，女性则更青睐肤色较深的男性，因为这样的肤色给人性感、阳刚、神秘、邪恶和危险的感觉。 加拿大多伦多大学的研究人员称，他们的研究证明传说中的窈窕淑女⑤有现实的科学依据。他们对2000张广告照片进行了研究，发现白人女性的肤色白皙度比男性高15.2%，黑人女性的肤色白皙度比男性高11.1%。 [解析] ①原文suggest在这里理解为“表明”(indicate)，不是“建议”的意思，引申翻译为“发现”。 ②对于长句的翻译，可根据汉语多用简短小句的特点对英文原句进行断句，断点常出现于从句、关联词等处。 ③为了明晰、便于参照或符合汉语习惯等而给译文的个别词语加引号，以表示重要概念，如此处将moral assumptions直译为“道德假定”并加上引号。 ④一同多译在翻译中是一种普遍现象，翻译时需考虑译语使用习惯和常用搭配。此处skin与tone搭配使用，意为“肤色”。 ⑤用“传说中的窈窕淑女”翻译the fair maiden of myth，既扩充了原文的语义，又增添了泽语的文采。 八、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 As more and more college students prefer to rent a room outside the campus and enjoy their private life there, problems come along. To solve these problems, the Ministry of Education stipulates that college students are not allowed to live outside the campus. This regulation raises heated discussion among students, and even among the whole society. What is your opinion on this issue? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: On College Students' Living Off Campus In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 【正确答案】： Sample [1] Recently there has been a heated debate among college students on whether they should be allowed to live off campus. [2] Some students maintain that they are adults so they should be granted the right to have their own separate rooms and enjoy privacy, while some others hold the opposite opinion. [3] As far as I am concerned, students should not be granted the fight to live off campus for the following reasons. It's not necessary for students to live outside the campus. Firstly, colleges provide sufficient and inexpensive dormitories for students, most of which, as far as I know, are clean and equipped with all the necessary facilities. [4] Secondly, living on campus secures a good environment for study. The prime task of students is to study and acquire knowledge. [5] A room on campus serves this purpose much better than one off campus, [6] It provides college students with much more convenience to consult teachers or classmates whenever they are confronted with a problem in study. [7] Thirdly, living in dormitories, together with their contemporaries, helps college students maintain closer relationships with classmates and enjoy friendships. [8] On the contrary, renting houses off campus leads to less communication and emotional exchanges with other students and teachers, which will do harm to the development of students. [9] So it's quite unnecessary and even detrimental for students to live off campus. Students should be forbidden to live off campus. [10] Firstly, on the part of colleges, since they are obligated to be liable for students' safety, they should pay attention to the security of all the students, and thus the sensible decision to make is to ask all of them to live inside the campus for better administration. [11] Secondly, as we all know, living off campus means everything is dependent on the landlord. This might pose a great threat to students’ safety. [12] Therefore, for the good of students, colleges shouldn't grant them the fight to live off campus. [13] All things considered, it's unnecessary or even harmful for students to live off campus. Students should drop the idea of living off campus and focus on how to manage their life on campus and prepare themselves well in study for a bright future. Analysis [1] 开门见山点明与主题相关的社会现象：Recently there is a...debate...on whether...。 [2] 表达两种不同观点的典型句型：Some maintain that...，While some others...。 [3] As far as I am concerned是表达个人观点的惯用语。 [4] living on campus为动名词短语作主语，这种表达较为正式，下面[7][8]中的living in dormitories与renting houses off campus用法与此相同。Secure sth..是用词亮点，意为“保障……实现”。 [5] one指代a room；使用代词可避免行文繁琐，使表达简洁。 [6] be confronted with意为“面临，碰到”。 [7] contemporary意为“同代人，同辈”，其近义词为peer。 [8] on the contrary为表示对比的典型用语，除此之外，表示对比还可以用by contrast，in contrast，conversely等等。 [9] detrimental为正式用语，意为“对……有害的”。 [10] 典型的复合长句表达，其主干为they should pay attention to...and thus the sensible decision to make is...；on the part of colleges为插入成分，since引导原因状语从句。 on the part of为固定搭配，意为“就……而言”；be obligated to和be liable for意义分别为“有义务做……”和“对……应负责任”。 [11] as we all know引出一个众所周知的情况，类似的短语有It is widely acknowledged that...，It is well known that...，It is admitted that...等等。 [12] for the good of意为“为了……好”，其同义词组有for the sake of，in the interest of等。 [13] All things considered为典型结束用语，意为“总而言之”，类似的短语有：In conclusion，In summary，All in all，In a word， It can be concluded from the discussion that...，It may be safely said that...等等。 [写作指南] 这是一篇议论型作文，要求考生对有关大学生校外租房的问题提出自己的看法。根据题目要求，文章的结构安排如下： 第一部分(第一段)阐明当前校外租房问题在大学生巾引起了热烈的争论，并提出自己的观点：不应该给予大学生校外租房居住的权利。 第二部分从两个方面具体阐述为什么不应该给予大学生校外租房居住的权利： 1．没有必要到校外租房，因为学校提供了便宜且条件不错的宿舍，住宿舍有利于学习，也有利于与同学保持良好的关系，这对大学生身心发展都有好处。具体说来…… 2．不能到校外租房，原因在于：一方面学校有保障学生安全的 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx ，为便于管理，学校一般不允许学生到校外租房居住；另一方面，校外租房确实不安全。具体说来…… 第三部分(最后一段)总结指出校外租房不必要甚至有害，大学生应该放弃这种想法，集中精力在校园内搞好学习和生活。 九、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 The Catcher in the Rye was written by A Joyce Carol Oates. B Arthur Miller. C Jerome David Salinger. D Vladimir Nabokov. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 《麦田守望者》是杰洛姆·大卫·塞林格的成名作，讲述少年霍尔顿圣诞节期间在纽约游荡的故事。塞林格也是“垮掉的一代”的重要作家。 [点睛] 乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨(选项A)是当今美国文坛最有影响的作家之一，作品有《北门边》、《他们》、《不神圣的爱情》等。阿瑟·密勒(选项B)是20世纪中期美国戏剧的代表人物，其作品写出了普通人的悲剧，代表作有《都是我的儿子》、《推销员之死》等。弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(选项D)被认为是欧洲现代主义与美国后现代文学之间的“一个连接点”，他用“大胆探索技巧和艺术新形式”的名义表达颓废的思想感情，代表作有《洛丽塔》、《普宁》、《微暗的灯火》等。 第2题 Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the formation of new pronunciation? A Back-formation. B Loss. C Addition. D Assimilation. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 逆向构问法是新词语产生的方法之一，它是通过删除较长单词的词缀来构成新词。如peddle源于peddler。 [点睛] 选项B、C、D都是造成语音变化的原因。音位丢失(选项B)是指语言中由于某种音位(phoneme)的丢失而造成语音的变化；音位增加(选项C)是指语言在演变过程中新增加一些音位从而带来语音的变化；同化(选项D)是指相邻音位的同化，如否定前缀in-加mobile和legal前，分别同化为im-和il-，即immobile和illegal。 第3题 ______ is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population. A British Columbia B Ontario C Alberta D Quebec. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 魁北克省加拿大籍法国人聚居地，也是加拿大唯一一个大多数人都说法语的省份以及唯一一个官方语言为法语的省份。 [点睛] 选项A不列颠哥伦比亚省(Brttish Columbia)位于加拿大西岸，是加拿大第三大省；选项B安大略省(Ontario)是加拿大的一个省，和美国毗邻，是加拿大人口最多的省份；选项C阿尔伯塔省(Alberta)位于加拿大的西部，是加拿大草原诸省中最西边的一个省份。 第4题 Richard Brinsley Sheridan's has been called a great comedy of manners. A The Rivals B The Duenna C The Critic D The School for Scandal 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 《造谣学校》是理查德·布林斯利·谢里丹的代表作。在这部喜剧中，作者对英国上流社会的虚伪自私竭尽嘲讽之能事，是“风俗喜剧”的颠峰之作。 [点睛] 《情敌》(选项A)是谢里丹的第一部戏剧作品，语言风趣，格调轻松活泼，情节安排巧妙，人物刻画栩栩如生；《伴娘》(选项B)以其构思精巧的情节和美妙的音乐大受欢迎；《批评家》(选项C)以排演剧本为情节，嘲弄当时流行的感伤剧和悲剧。 第5题 What are the components of the British Parliament? A The Senate and the House of Representatives. B The House of Lords and the House of Commons. C The Senate, the House of Representatives and the Queen/King. D The House of Lords, the House of Commons and the Queen/King. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 议会是英国的最高司法和立法机构，由君主、上议院(the House of Lords)和下议院(the House of Commons)组成。 [点睛] 参议院(the Senate)及众议院(the House of Representatives)是美国国会(Congress)的组成部分。 第6题 ______ is the American president during The Great DePression who proposed New Deal. A Herbert Hoover B Woodrow Wilson C Franklin D. Roosevelt D Abraham Lincoln 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 1929年10月24日美国股市崩盘，随之拉开了经济大萧条的序幕。1932年，罗斯福当选总统，大刀阔斧地实施了一系列旨在克服危机的政策措施，历史上被称为“新政”(new deal)。 [点睛] A项Herbert Hoover(赫伯特·胡佛)在大萧条开始时任美国总统；B项Woodrow Wilson(伍德罗·威尔逊)为第一次世界大战事情的美国总统；D项Abraham Lincoln(亚伯拉罕·林肯)为美国内战时期的总统。 第7题 The Australian National Day is chosen to commemorate A the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia. B the first European settlement of the continent. C the discovery of the continent. D Captain James Cook's first voyage around Australia. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 英国首批移民于1788年1月26日抵达澳大利亚，后来这一天被定为国庆日。 [点睛] 选项A澳大利亚于1931年成为英联邦内的独立国家；选项D是库克船长发现并抵达澳大利亚的日子。 第8题 Among the four maxims introduced by Grice, which one means that in conversation we should be as informative as required? A Relation Maxim. B Quantity Maxim. C Quality Maxim. D Manner Maxim. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 合作原则(Cooperative Principle)是美国语言哲学家格莱斯提出的。他把说话者和听话者在会话中共同遵守的原则概括为量的准则、质的准则、关系准则和方式准则。量的准则要求所说的话包含交际目的所需要的信息。 [点睛] 关系准则(选项A)要求所说的话必须贴切；质的准则(选项C)要求尽可能说自己认为正确的话，而不要说缺乏证据的话；方式准则(选项D)要求说话要简洁有条理，避免晦涩和有歧义的表达。 第9题 The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a type of situation is a A field. B register. C mode. D tenor. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 语言总是为了一定的交际目的，在不同的交际场合使用。为了迎合不同的交际需要，语言出现了许多变体，这些变体所形成的范畴被称为语域。 [点睛] 话语范围(选项A)、话语方式(选项C)和话语基调(选项D)是三种决定语域的社会变量。 第10题 Robert Bums is remembered mainly for his songs written in the dialect on a variety of subjects. A England B Welsh C Scottish D Irish 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 罗伯特·彭斯是苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人，他收集、整理了大量苏格兰民歌，并以此为基础创作了数百首反映苏格兰人民劳动、生活和风俗的诗歌。他的诗歌主旨鲜明，语言朴素，极富乡土气息。 [点睛] 彭斯以苏格兰方言创作的作品在语言方面极具代表性，他充分运用了自己民族语言的特点，留下了许多脍炙人口的作品，如《一朵红红的玫瑰》等。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com