Lesson One：Courtesy: Key to a Happier World
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I. Outline of the Text
Part 1: (Paras. 1-3)
Courtesy is an effective way to overcome difficulties. And human beings hunger for courtesy.
Part 2: (Paras. 4-7)
What are the ingredients of courtesy?
☆ A strong sense of justice.
☆ The ability to understand the pain of others and help them.
☆ The capacity to treat all people alike.
Part 3: (Paras. 8-15)
How can you improve your manners?
☆ By practicing courtesy
☆ By thinking in a courteous way and training yourself to be considerate.
☆ By learning to accept courtesy as a gift in life.
Part 4: (Para. 16)
Courtesy is the only effective solution to problems in daily life.
Ⅱ. Text
1.Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: in case after case the difficulty could have been overcome - or might never have arisen -if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.
译：多年以前，帮助人们解决各种各样问题的过程使我深信：在一个个事例中，如果人们相互以礼相待，问题完全可能会得到解决，或许根本不会出现。
☆ Help sb. with sth.: 帮助某人某事
could have done 本来可以
arise:出现。 arouse :唤醒。 raise: vt.提高，抬起。 rise：vi. (自然现象) 提高，升起。
2.Courtesy, politeness, good manners -call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand.
译：礼貌也好，客气、或文明举止也好，无论你称它什么，其供应似乎总是小于需求。
☆ …the supply never seems to equal the demand：people's need for courtesy is always far greater than they show.
"It's not so much what my husband says," a tearful wife confides, "as the way he says it .Why does he have to yell at me?"
☆ Not so much…as: not….but 不是…而是
☆ Yell at: to shout at 大喊大叫
e.g. Why do you yell at me like that?
译：一位泪流满面的妻子向我透露说，"（使我伤心的）倒不是我丈夫的那些话，而是他说话时的态度，他凭什么对我大声嚷嚷？"
"I hate my boss," a grim-faced office worker mutters. "He never shows appreciation for anything."
译："我讨厌我的上司，"一位面色铁青的职员嘟哝说，"不管干什么，就没有听到他一句赞扬的话。"
"All we get from our teenagers," a worried parent says, "is a moody sullenness."
译：一位忧心忡忡的家长说："我们的孩子老是沮丧着脸"。
3.Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study.
be limited to：限制在…范围内
译：这种抱怨不仅是那些坐到我的
书
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房里和我谈心的人才有。
Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy.
hunger for : to long for；be eager to do 渴望
译：世界上的人们都渴望受到礼遇。
"Good manners," said Ralph Waldo Emerson, "are the happy way of doing things."
译：爱默生说："礼貌是愉快行事的方式?quot;
And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day -or wreck a friendship.
译：反之一样，不文明的举止可以破坏一天的心境，或许还会毁掉友情。
☆And the reverse is equally true：In the same way, bad manners are the unsuitable way of doing things.
4.What are the basic ingredients of good manners?
译：礼貌的基本成分有哪些？
Ingredient: element 成分，组成元素
Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play.
nothing more than: only 仅仅，只不过是…
译：强烈的公正意识当然是一个要素，文明举止往往只不过是高层次的公平意识。
A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road.
译：一个朋友曾经告诉我，他驾车沿着一条没铺柏油的单行山路走。
Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway.
choking: make a person difficult to breathe 呛人的，透不过气来的
译：在他前面有一辆车掀起了呛人的尘土，而他们离最近的柏油路也还有不短的距离。
Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road.
译：突然，在宽一点的地方，前头的车开到了一旁。
Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong.
译：我的朋友以为车主的发动机可能出了毛病，就把车停了下来，问他是不是车出了问题。
"No," said the other driver. "But you've endured my dust this far; I'll put up with yours the rest of the way."
☆ Put up with: to endure 忍受
译："没事，"那位司机说，"你跟在后面吃尘土已经这么久了，剩下的路，还是让我跟在你后面吃尘土吧?quot;
There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.
译：这真是一位有礼貌的人，一位天生有着公道意识的人。
way 的用法：
By the way: 顺便一提
e.g. By the way, have you heard from John?
By way of: 经由…
e.g. We went by way of London.
In a way: 从某方面来说
e.g. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don't share your point of view.
In any/no way: 不管怎样/绝对不应该，绝不
e.g. The result should in any way be seen as a defeat of the government.
In the way: 挡道的，妨碍人的
Out of the way: 离开道路的，偏僻的；不挡道的，不碍事的
e.g. You're in my way.
On one's way to： 在去…的途中
On the/one's way to doing sth.: 接近（某种状态）
e.g. The new hospital is well on the way to being finished.
5.Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it.
译：礼貌的另一要素就是能够理解别人的心情，这一品质能使人深入他人的思想和内心世界，理解他们感情深处的痛苦或不幸并尽力使之减缓。
enable sb. to do sth.： 使某人干某事。
see into :①investigate 调查； ②深入理解。
mind: 人的思想。
heart: 人的感情。
Emotion: 深入了解某人的感情。
Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.
译：最近在一本关于某著名连锁饭店的书中，我突然发现了这样一个有趣的
故事
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。
☆ Come across: to run into 偶然遇到
6.A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn't do it.
译：一个独自用餐的人正试图打开番茄酱的瓶盖，但他的手指因关节炎而留下严重残疾，拧不开瓶盖。
He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again.
译：他请一个服务生帮他。男孩拿着瓶子，立刻转过身，很快就把瓶盖拧松。而后又将其拧紧。
Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success.
译：他转过身来对着那个人，假装使出很大劲还是没有拧开瓶盖。
Feigned: pretend
Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it -but only with a pair of pliers.
译：最后他把那瓶番茄酱拿到厨房，不一会就回来了，说他用了一把钳子才拧开了瓶盖。
What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.
☆ take trouble to do sth.: 费劲去做
e.g. She took trouble to gather the materials for us.
☆ spare sb. /sth. from sth. 使某人/某物免受某种感觉。
e.g. It was a terrible accident--- I'll spare you the details.
译：是什么促使这个年轻人不厌其烦地这么做？是礼貌，基于同情心的礼貌。
Sympathetic: 同情的。
7.Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance.
component: ingredient 成分。
译：礼貌的第三个要素是不管人们的社会地位高低或是其作用大小，对所有人都一视同仁。
regardless of：In spite of；despite 不管，无论
Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners.
译：即使对有些人你不太有把握，也要以礼相待，就像他们值得你这样对待他们一样。
☆ Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners：Even when you are not sure whether some people deserve your good manners, you should treat them politely as if they do.
You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.
译：你很可能会惊奇地发现，他们确实值得你以礼相待。
8.I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing three things. First, by practicing courtesy.
译：我深信通过以下三种方式，能提高人们的礼貌水平。一、训练。
All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.
译：一切技能都须经常重复而后才能成为第二天性，礼貌也是如此。
9.One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week.
译：一个简便的方法，就是在一个星期左右的时间内，集中改进你在某一方面的具体表现。
Concentrate on: 集中于…
performance: 成绩、成就
specific: 具体的
Telephone manner, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?
abruptly: suddenly and rude
identify: introduce sb. 介绍某人。
译：比如你可以先集中改进打电话的举止。你是否常常说得太多，突然开始说话，不自报你是何人，让对方久等，对接线员表示不耐烦的情绪，不回电话，等等。
Or driving a car, why not watch yourself sternly for aggressive driving, unnecessary horn-blowing, following too closely, failing to yield the right-of-the-way?
译：或是改进开车的举止，你可以严格监视自己是否开起车来很霸道，是否过多地按喇叭，是否尾随太近，是否不按规矩先让其他车辆通过等等。
sternly: strictly 严格地
fail to do sth. 不做某事。
Why not do sth?=why don't/doesn't sb. do sth?
☆ Watch sb./sth. doing/do sth. 看见某人正在做某事/看到某事正在发生
e.g. We watched the sun setting/set behind the trees.
Watch for sth.: 当心，注意；期待，伺机，寻求
e.g. She watched for her chance to speak.
Watch over sb./sth.: 照看，看守
e.g. You should watch over the children when parents are out.
Watch out (for sb./sth.) 注意，监视
Keep a watch on sb./sth. 监视
e.g. Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.
The police are keeping a close watch on the activities of those men.
On the watch for sb./sth.： 看守着，监视着
On watch: 值班
e.g. Be on the watch for thieves in this crowd.
☆ Follow (in) someone's footsteps: 接班，继承某人的事业
e.g. The girl's following in her father's footsteps and studying to be a doctor.
Follow someone's example: 效仿某人的做法，以某人为榜样
Follow suit: 效仿某人
e.g. Once one bank raised its interest rate, all the others followed suit.
Follow sth. up: 对…采取进一步行动；深入调查某事
e.g. I decided to follow up her suggestion.
As follows: 如下
e.g. The results are as follows: Philip Carter 1st, Sam Cohen 2nd, Sandra Hanks 3rd.
10.One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people's bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind.
译：有一件不易做到而又很重要的事情，就是对别人无礼貌的举止不要以牙还牙。
☆ Goad sb./sth. into sth./doing sth: to cause to do sth by annoyance 激怒某人做某事
e.g. They goaded him into doing it by saying he was a coward.
I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with his father one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights.
译：我记得有位青年讲述了这样一件事情，一天夜里他和父亲开车行路时，前面驶来了一辆大开着前灯的车。
"Give him the brights, Dad!" the young man urged in exasperation.
in exasperation: very angrily 非常愤怒地
译："爸，对他开大灯！"那个青年愤怒地催促父亲。
"Son," replied the father, "that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he'll be discourteous, stupid and blind-and that's a combination I don't want to tangle with!
译："儿子，"父亲回答道，"那个司机确实是没有礼貌，还可能比较愚蠢。但是如果我开大灯，他就不仅仅是不礼貌和愚蠢了，而且还看不见前方。三样加在一起，我不愿意招惹。"
Courtesy n. 礼貌
Courteous adj. 有礼貌的。
11.The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way.
译：第二种提高礼貌水平的方法是以一种礼貌的方式思考。
In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you've been thinking over the past twenty or thirty years.
in the long run: 从长远的观点来看
Think over: 仔细考虑
译：从长远的观点来看，你的人品是你以往20年或30年的思想发展的结果。
If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be.
predominantly：居于主导地位的。
Self-directed: 以自我为中心的。
译：如果你的主导思想是从个人出发的，那你就会是一个不讲礼貌的人。
If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.
☆ be considerate of sb.：为…着想，体谅
e.g. It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was having a sleep.
☆ Identify with sb./sth.： 和….站在一起；理解；体谅
e.g. We should identify with our parents.
automatically：自动地
译：反之，如果你培养自己为他人着想，如果你已经惯于理解并体谅他人的问题、愿望和忧虑，你就会自然而然地以礼待人。
Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage;
译：理性的礼貌在婚姻中比在其他任何方面都更加重要。
no more than….
In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.
Intimacy: close relationship
displace …on: 放置
displace …onto: 把….施加于
disappointment：失望
…it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person：when a person is disappointed, or frustrated or angry, he/she is likely to take it out on his/her innocent wife or husband…
译：在家庭这个亲昵的环境中，人们很容易把失意、沮丧或气愤向最亲近的人发泄，此人往往不是丈夫就是妻子。
13."When you feel your anger getting out of control," I have often said to married couples, "force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home. "
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人干某事
译：我经常对已婚夫妇说："当你感到忍不住要发火时，你要强迫自己在十分钟内，把你的妻子或丈夫看成是来你家做客的客人。"
I knew that if they could impose just ten minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.
☆ Impose sth. on sb.:把…强加于
e.g. Japan imposed the Pacific War on the United States of America.
译：我知道要是他们能够克制自己，坚持十分钟的礼貌，火气大体上就会平息了。
14.Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way.
☆ …rejoice when it comes your way：be happy when you are treated politely.
译：最后一条，礼貌还包括能够接受他人对你的文明举止，受到礼遇要高高兴兴，当它不期而至时要以喜悦表示欢迎。
Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.
Be suspicious of /about sb./sth.:对某人或某事起疑心
☆ e.g. I'm a bit suspicious about the package that's been left in the corridor.
☆ Suspect sb. of sth./doing sth.：怀疑某人
e.g. I suspect him of giving false information.
译：很奇怪，有些人对别人的善待怀有疑心，他们怀疑别人有什么不可告人的动机。
15.But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached.
☆ But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached：But some of the precious things we enjoy in life are given to every one of us unconditionally.
译：可是生活中有些最宝贵的赠品却是不带有任何附加条件的。
Unconditionally：无条件地
You can't achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can't buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose.
译：好天气不是通过你的努力得到的，夕阳西下的景色，甚至玫瑰的香味，都是你用钱买不到的。
Those are the world's courtesies to us, offered with love and without thought of reward or return.
译：这些都是大自然对我们的恩惠，以爱心赠给我们，毫不考虑是否会有奖赏或回报。
Good manners are, or should be, like that.
译：礼貌也是如此，或者说应该如此。
16.In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people -not just people in genera, but individuals.
☆ Come down to sth.：可归结为
e.g. The whole matter comes down to a competition for human resources.
译：最终，礼貌的实质是你如何看待人这样一个简单的问题，不仅仅是一般而论，而是如何对待具体的人。
Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices.
译：生活充满了小小的烦恼、磨难和不公正的事情。
The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness -which is the golden rule in action.
译：惟一能经常、每天使用的有效解决办法就是以礼待人这个行为准则。
rule: principle原则
in action：在行动中，在活动，在运转
I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.
译：我想要是允许我在《圣经》八福词中，作为补充
说明
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再加上一小福的话，那就是："礼貌者有福。"
Ⅲ. Vocabulary Exercises
3. Complete the following sentences.
1) Please be considerate of others and don't impose your own wish on them.
2) A good novel will never fail to make the readers identify with the joy and sorrow of the characters in it .
identify with 理解，认同
3) He added several items to his wife's shopping list.
add ….to 添加
4) The football fan threw a chair to the TV set in exasperation when he saw his favorite team lost the game.
exasperation: anger 愤怒
5) She cried for three hours in the privacy of her room.
In privacy of: alone
6) The society hungers for skilled people and you shouldn't have any difficulty in finding a job.
have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难
7) She said she was dying for some beer.
die for 非常渴望
8) This incidence left me with the wrong impression that people from big cities are very conceited.
leave sb. with sth. 给某人留下…
9) Unable to put up with the noisy boys she turned round and yelled at them.
yell at sb. 冲某人大叫
put up with: endure
10) The book is worthy of every penny you spent on it.
be worthy of 值得
11) Please be patient with the old man; he is hard in hearing.
be patient with sb.对某人有耐心
12) Smith told his child to avoid students who use drugs, carry weapons or seem to be involved in frequent fights.
be involved in 被卷入…，涉及
13) She doesn't want her daughter to follow in her steps as an actress.
Follow in one's steps 继承某人的事业
14) The real son was on his way to Brooklyn for his father's funeral.
On one's way to 在去…的路上。
15) If you have both self-esteem and money, however, you are well on the way to happiness.
be on the way to 通向….，接近（某状态），渐趋于
2) Choose the right word for each blank.
(1)opinion, conviction
A.In the opinion of my doctor, I should be well enough to travel by next week.
B.I have a firm conviction that I will succeed.
conviction：确信，坚信
in one's opinion 按照某人的观点
(2)display exhibit
A.She displayed/exhibited her wedding present on the table.
B.The stores are exhibiting/displaying new spring clothes.
Display: 展示，
exhibit: 展览（大型）
(3) glad, happy
A.I shall be happy/glad to help you find a new job.
B.We are very glad/happy to see you.
(4) impel urge
A.Hunger impelled the lazy man to work.
B.Praise urged him to work harder.
Urge: 促使某人向好的方向发展，受主观因素的影响
impel: 受客观因素的影响
(5) famous, noted
A.A noted architect designed the store.
B.A great crowd of people greeted the famous hero.
Noted: 有某些特别之处而著名
famous: 有名的
4.Choose the best word for each blank.
Nonverbal communication, or "body language, "is communication by (1) facial (appearance, facial, face, outlook) expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures .It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings -(2) amusing (amusing, anxious, applicable, light) but sometimes serious -can arise between people from different (3) cultures (cities, conditions, cultures, literature) if they misinterpret nonverbal signals.
amusing:可笑的，有趣的
Take the circle made with the thumb and index finger for example. To the American, it means that everything is OK. To the Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene (4) gesture (action, gesture, feeling, movement). (5)Therefore (However, Nevertheless, Therefore, Yet), an American could unknowingly (6) offend (defeat, fight, object, offend) a Greece by using that (7) particular (funny, particular, probable, wonderful) hand signal.
thumb: 大拇指
obscene: 下流的，淫秽的
feeling: 感情，感觉
motion: 运动
offend: 冒犯
particular: 具体的
funny: 可笑的，滑稽的
The following true incident (8) illustrates (emphasizes, focus, indicates, illustrates) how conflicting nonverbal signals can (9) cause (cause, lead, make, result) serious misunderstandings.
Incident: 事件
conflicting: 冲突
emphasizes: 强调
focus: 关注，集中注意力于…
indicates: 指出，表明
illustrates: 通过例子表明
While lecturing to his poetry class at Ain Shams University in Cairo, a British professor became so (10) relaxed (comfortable, refreshing, regular, relaxed) that he leaned back in his chair and revealed the bottom of his foot (11) to (at, for, in, to ) the astonished class.
lecture to: 给…做讲座
lean back: 靠在椅子上
reveal sth. to sb.: 把… 指给…看
refreshing: 精神为之一震
Making such a gesture in Moslem (12) society (region, situation, society, system) is the worst kind of (13) insult (display, effect, insult, intention). The next day the Cairo newspapers (14) carried (brought, carried, edited, published) headlines about the student demonstration that resulted, and they denounced British arrogance and (15) demanded (demanded, expressed, protested, wanted) that the professor be sent home.
insult: 侮辱
published: 出版
brought: 带来
edited: 编辑
carried: 带来，加载
denounce: 谴责
arrogance: 傲慢
Ⅳ. Grammar & Usage
英语除动词be之外，还有一些动词也可以作系动词，如：
表示状态或情况的：
keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste 等；
表示变化的：
get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go 等。
1.系动词后面带名词或名词从句
Eg: She seems an efficient secretary.
她似乎是一个效率很高的女秘书。
2.系动词后面带形容词
Eg: He looks pale.
3.to be 可以在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。
Eg: The task proved (to be) impossible.
在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 的不定式，但这时，它们则不是系动词而是不及物动词。
Eg: Courtesy, politeness, good manners? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 这里seem不是系动词.
4.系动词后面带介词词组
Eg: Their wedding will be in late June.
Exercises
1. Complete the following sentences with appropriate link verbs.
1) She always goes red when she is nervous.
go:（化学）变化
turn: 物理的变化
2) She knows what it's like to be lonely and so she really feels for him.
feel: 感觉到
3) This new train will go into service next month.
go into … 进入某种状态
get into a habit of (某人)养成某种习惯
4) Do feel free to help yourself to the cookies.
5) Their appeals to release the hostages fell on the cookies.
appeal to 请求
fall on deaf ears: ignore
fall-fell-fallen
feel-felt-felt
6) This beef smells/tastes a bit funny. Do you think it has gone off ?
7) My grandfather told me that once he fell flat on his face and thus got that flattened tip on his nose.
8) My doctor said that I must go on a diet.
go on a diet: 节食
9) This kind of plant grows well in the shade, so don't expose it to the sun.
expose to: 暴露在….
10) If you get into a habit, you begin to do something regularly.
get(fall) into a habit (人)养成某种习惯
11) There have been several thefts and the door-keeper has remained/ kept under suspicion.
12) They were once good partners but suddenly the relationship went sour.
14) If you get ink on that skirt, it won't come off.
Come of 脱落
15) We've got to do something. We're running short of time.
running: 表状态
考题分析：
（2001/10 难句释义）
One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people's bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind.（ ）
A.The best way to deal with discourteous people is to pretend that they are courteous and deserve your courtesy.
B.You should react to other people's bad manners kindly and refuse to believe that they mean to hurt you.
C.One thing to remember is to ignore other people's bad manners, and do not respond angrily.
D.When other people treat you impolitely, you should avoid taking similar actions.
答案：D
goad sb. into doing sth. ：通过激怒某人的方法使某人做某事。
retaliate：revent
pretend to do sth. 假装…
react to: 反应…
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