2014年大学英语六级考试试题及答案解析(四十八)

大学英语六级考试试题及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 解析(四十八) 一、Writing （本大题1小题．每题106.0分，共106.0分。 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition . You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: ） 第1题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Over-packaging. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1．目前许多商品都存在过度包装现象 2．这种现象的危害 3．你的看法 On Over-packaging _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【正确答案】： 答案: [范文评点] On Over-packaging Nowadays manufacturers pay more attention to the package or wrapping of products to attract consumers' eyes. These commodities with (1)splendid appearance do (2)appeal to a lot of consumers and sell well in the market. But on the other hand, over packaging does lead to many(3)undeniable problems. Firstly, the materials used in packaging, such as paper, rubber, plastic, are important industrial materials that have a wide use ih our daily life. So that those materials should not (4) be used lavishly in packaging. Secondly, over packaging also (5) generates a lot of garbage which is not (6) degradable. It is reported that 20 percent of our annual garbage comes from excessive wrapping. Thirdly, over packaging has also cultivated an unhealthy consumption habit and (7) promoted harmful tendencies. As far as I am concerned, the most important function of a product is its practicability rather than its luxurious packaging. Therefore, I suggest the government tighten supervision on commodity packaging and take measures to encourage light-packaging of commodities. [本题分数]： 106.0 分 【答案解析】 [审题] 本文是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文，要求考生就“过度包装”这个话题展开论述。根据题目要求，考生应首先描述当今社会存在过度包装这一现象，然后提出过度包装的害处，最后阐明自己的观点并提出建议。 [写作提纲] 一、过度包装现象的存在(package，splendid appearance，appeal to，sell well) 二、过度包装的危害 1．浪费日常化工用的材料(industrial materials，lavishly use in package) 2．产生大量不可降解的垃圾(not degradable，garbage) 3．助长不良消费习惯与不正的社会风气(cultivate，unhealthy，harmful tendencies) 三、作者观点 1．反对过度包装(practicability) 2．政府应采取措施应对过度包装(tighten supervision，light-packaging) [解析] (1) splendid appearance“华丽的外表”。 (2) appeal to“吸引”，替换attract。 (3) undeniable“不可否认的”。 (4) lavishly“奢侈地”。 (5) generate “产生”，代替produce。 (6) degradable“可降解的”。 (7) promote harmful tendencies“主张不正之风”。 二、Cloze（共20小题,共70.0分）There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 Napping is one of the best, most underused tools for busy people. It is frowned 1 by many people and is viewing as something for the elderly and children. Mention napping and you could be seen as lazy, depressed and 2 to work. The majority of people experience drowsiness in the afternoon and notice their productivity and 3 starting to slip and napping will help 4 this and fight the 5 of fatigue such as stress and a lack of mental 6. Research on napping is 7 showing positive effects. The results suggest, for example, 8 napping can make you more 9, reduce stress and improve 10 functioning compared to working all day without rest. A mid-afternoon sleep means that productivity can last long into the night. Finding 15-30 minutes in a day can sometimes seem difficult, 11, doing so could mean a great deal to your productivity. Even 10 minutes a day will be better than nothing at all, and may give you the 12 you need to be successful. If you want to give it a try, make sure you can find a 13 place before setting your head down. If you can feel secure and let go, then the nap will be even more 14. A lot of people who wish to start their own businesses but are currently working 9-5 will benefit 15 a nap. The majority of the work on their own business will be done after 5pm and it is hard to stay 16 and inspired at this time. Taking a nap during a 17 at work or just after finishing work could 18 increase your 19 levels, allowing you to 20 your own business after the 9-5 grind. A in B into C upon D of 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 固定搭配题。本处意思是：很多人对此都不赞成并视之为老年人和儿童的事。故选Cfrown upon“皱眉，不赞成”。 [避错指导] frown不能与其他选项中的介词搭配； 第2题 A unwilling B refuse C fail D forget 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：如果对小睡津津乐道，那么你可能会被视为懒惰、消沉、不愿意工作。故选A unwilling“不愿意的”。 [避错指导] B refuset。“拒绝做…”、C fail to“没有做成…”、D forget to“忘记做…”，均不能与前面的形容词lazy和depressed构成并列。 第3题 A emotion B mood C feeling D passion 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 名词辨义题。本处意思是：大部分人在下午都会感到睡意，还会意识到他们的工作效率降低，情绪低落。故选B mood“情绪”。 [避错指导]A emotion“感情”、B feeling“感觉”、C passion“激情”不符合语境。 第4题 A combine B comfort C combat D command 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 动词辨义题。本处意思是：小睡就能帮助他们与这些症状抗争。故选C combat“抗争”。 [避错指导] A combine“联合”、D command“命令”均不符合语境；B comfort“安慰”，强调“抚慰痛苦”，一般后面以人作宾语。 第5题 A result B affect C outcome D effect 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 名词辨义题。本处意思是：并且有助于解决因劳累而产生的问题，故选D项effect“效果，影响”。 [避错指导] A result“结果”；B affect“影响”，是动词；C outcome“结果”。 第6题 A confusion B difference C clarity D termination 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 名词辨义题。本处意思是：比如压力过大和头脑不清醒。mental clarity是“头脑清醒”的意思，故选C项clarity“清晰”。 [避错指导] A confusion“困惑”；B difference“不同”；D termination“终止”。 第7题 A instantly B constantly C distantly D individually 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 副词辨义题。本处意思是：研究也不断地证明了小睡的积极作用，故选B项constantly“不断地”。 [避错指导] A instantly“立刻”C distantly“遥远地”；D individually“分别地”。 第8题 A which B how C what D that 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 结构衔接题。本处意思是：比如说，和全天候工作相比，小睡能…。在这句话中，for example是插入语，the results是主语，that引导宾语从句，故选D。 [避错指导] A which多用于引导定语从句；B how用来引导状语从句；C what可用来引导名词性从句。 第9题 A alert B asleep C intimate D unique 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 形容词辨义题。本处意思是：小睡能让人更清醒，减小压力，故选A alert“清醒”。 [避错指导] B asleep“睡着的”；C intimate“亲密的”；D unique“独特的”。 第10题 A independent B visible C cognitive D distinct 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 形容词辨义题。本处意思是：小睡能让人保持清醒，减小压力，提高认知能力。故选C项 cognitive“认知的”。 [避错指导] A independent“独立的”；B visible“可见的”；D distinct“截然不同的”。 第11题 A thus B anyway C moreover D however 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 逻辑衔接题。本处意思是：有时候每天腾出15-30分钟来有困难，但是这对工作效率的提高很有帮助。故选C however“然而”。 [避错指导] A thus“因此”；B moreover“此外”；D anyway“无论如何”。 第12题 A motion B energy C ambition D motivation 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：它会给你成功所需要的精力。故选B energy“精力”。 [避错指导] A motion“运动”；C ambition“雄心”D motivation“动力”。 第13题 A comfortable B grand C warm D splendid 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：首先要保证能找到一个舒适的地方。故选A comfortable“舒适的”。 [避错指导] B grand“壮丽的”；C warm“温暖的”；D splendid“辉煌的”。 第14题 A superficial B artificial C beneficial D suspicious 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：如果能感到安全、放松，这样的休息将会带给你更多的好处。故选 C 项beneficial“有益的”。 [避错指导] A superficial“表面的”；B artificial“人造的”；D suspicious“猜疑的”。 第15题 A for B from C on D about 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 固定搭配题。本处意思是：很多希望自己创业但目前正做着朝九晚工作的人也会从小睡中受益。benefit from意为“从…中受益”，故选B from。 [避错指导] benefit不能与其他选项中的介词搭配。 第16题 A enthusiastic B balanced C awake D healthy 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：他们自己事业的大部分工作都在5点之后完成，而这段时间很难保持工作热情。故选A enthusiastic“热情的”。 [避错指导] B balanced“平衡的”；C awake“醒着的”；D healthy“健康的”。 第17题 A midway B final C beginning D break 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：在工作休息时间睡个午觉，故选D break“休息”。 [避错指导] A midway“在…中途；B final“决赛”；C beginning“开始”。 第18题 A conversely B effectively C undoubtedly D contrarily 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 副词辨义题。本处意思是：工作休息时间睡个午觉或哪怕在工作结束之后打个盹都能有效提升注意力，故选B effectively“有效地”。 [避错指导] A conversely“相反地”；C undoubtedly“无疑地”；D contrarily“相反地”。 第19题 A academic B social C concentration D theoretical 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 语义衔接题。本处意思是：有效提升注意力的水平。故选C concentration“专心；集中”。 [避错指导] A academic“学术的”；B social“社会的”；D theoretical“理论的”。 第20题 A farther B fabricate C suspend D further 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：3.5分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 动词辨义题。本处意思是：让你在朝九晚五的工作重压之后仍能继续自己的事业。故选D further“继续”。 [避错指导] A farther“更远的”为形容词；B fabricate“编造”、C suspend“暂停”均不合文意。 三、Listening Comprehension（Section A）（共15小题,共105.0分）In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A He hopes to meet the professor soon. B He doesn't like the professor at all. C He is happy that Prof. Smith will be the dean. D He wants Prof. Smith to be the new dean. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力 原文 少年中国说原文俱舍论原文大医精诚原文注音大学原文和译文对照归藏易原文 ] W: Haven't you heard that Prof. Smith will act as the new dean of our apartment? M: Prof. Smith? He is the last person in the world I'd ever want to see. Q: What does the man mean? [一点即通] 男士回答“他是我最不想见的人”，可见他一点也不喜欢Smith教授，故选B项。 第2题 A She doesn't think it's cold enough. B She believes it's a good day to play football. C She brought her sweater along in case it's getting cold. D She agrees that it wasn't supposed to be so col 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: The weather isn't exactly what I would call comfortable for playing football. It's quite chilly. W: Isn't it, though? I wish I had brought my heavy sweater along. Q: What does the woman think about the weather? [一点即通] 女士同意男士的观点，并后悔没有带自己的厚毛衣，说明女士没有想到天气会这么冷，故选D项。 第3题 A She wants to learn basketball. B She thinks playing basketball will be relaxing. C She doesn't understand the game well. D She wants to watch the game again. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: I love watching basketball games at home. It's so relaxing to watch them. W: I guess I'd feel the same way if only I could understand the rules. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? [一点即通] 女士认为如果她能懂得比赛规则的话，她就能和男士一样喜欢在家看篮球，故选C项。 第4题 A The woman wants to eat at the student canteen. B The woman is fed up with canteen food. C The woman wants to eat French dinner at her home. D The woman likes the Italian food most. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: I'm thinking about going for a bite tonight. Do you have any suggestions? W: How about the French flavor near my home? I'm fed up with all the Italian food the student canteen offers. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? [一点即通] 男士提出要外出吃饭并询问女士的意见，女士因吃够了学校提供的意大利菜，因此建议去吃法国菜，故选B项。 第5题 A He didn't know the pictures at all. B He also thought they were interesting. C He was eager to get one of the pictures. D He didn't like the pictures. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: John told me that he was very interested in those kinds of pictures. What about you? M: I guess I haven't acquired a taste for them. Q: What's the man's attitude towards the pictures? [一点即通] 男士回答的 acquire a taste for是“开始喜欢，对…感兴趣”的意思，因为男士的回答是否定的，所以他是不喜欢这类画的，故选D项。 第6题 A The conversation probably takes place at the airport. B They are probably talking at a bank. C The conversation happens in a job register office. D They are probably university classmates. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: How can I open a checking account here? M: I'm sorry, here is only for deposit. You will have to go to the second counter. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? [一点即通] 女士询问男士是否可以帮他开设支票户头，男士告诉她此柜台只能办理存钱业务，对话可能发生在银行，故选 B项。 第7题 A The man will buy a new suit for the family reunion. B The man wants to leave, a good impression with the woman. C Casual clothes are enough for a family reunion. D Both suit and T-shirt are necessary for the family reunion. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] M: Alice, I'm thinking of wearing a new suit so that I can leave a good impression with your family. W: It's only a family reunion, so jeans and T-shirt are just OK. Q: What is true according to the conversation? [一点即通] 男士为了给女士家人留下好的印象，准备去买新的套装，女士认为牛仔裤和体恤衫就很适合参加家庭聚会，故选 C项。 第8题 A People often ask him to play the songs. B Tickets for the concert were rather expensive. C The concert will be broadcast on television. D He hasn't been playing the piano lon 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] W: I really enjoyed that piece you just played on the piano. Now I can understand why there wasn't an empty seat in your concert. M: You know, that's the things these days. Q: What does the man mean? [一点即通] 女士非常享受男士的钢琴演奏，并明白为什么男士的演出会座无虚席。男士回答说这些歌曲现在很流行，故选 A项。 第9题 A $ 4800. B $ 6000. C $ 4000. D $ 2000. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  W: Good morning! Room Service Department. May I help you? M: Morning! (22) I'd like to book two rooms. W: All right. What kind of room would you like? We have single rooms, double rooms, suites and deluxe suites. M: I'd like to have (19)two double rooms with private bathrooms if possible. W: For which date, please? M: For next week. (19)That is from May 11th to May 18th. W: Hold on please. Let me check if we have rooms available then. Oh yes, we do. M: Good. I would like to have non-smoking rooms. W: OK. They are non-smoking rooms with private bathrooms on the sunny side, overlooking the sea. M: Sounds great! What is the room rate per night? W: (19) The daily rate for each room is 300 dollars, including breakfast. M: OK, can we get access to the Internet in the room? W: Yes, you can. M: Good. (20) By the way, do you have any golf course? W: Sorry. But we have a swimming pool and some other services. You'll find a nice restaurant, a bar and laundry services here. And services such as fax and copying are available at the Business Center, M: OK, (22) can I also book a conference room for next weekend? W: Let me see. (21) I'll put you down for the Grand Room, OK? M: All right. Thank you. W: My pleasure. Then may I have your name and phone number, please? M: Yes, this is John Laurence. And my phone number is 831-7176, Shall I send you a deposit? W: No, you don't have to. You may pay on arrival. 19. Q: How much will the man pay for his bedrooms? [未听先知] 根据选项中的reserve，single room，bathroom等关键词，可以推断本段对话可能与预定宾馆有关。 [一点即通] 男士预定了两个房间，每房间每天收费300美元，预定时间共八天，客房费用应该是300×2×8=4800，故选A项。 第10题 A Online game service. B A nice bar service. C Good laundry service. D Golf course servic 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Which service is especially mentioned by the man for entertainment? [一点即通] 男士特别询问了宾馆是否能够提供高尔夫球场地，而高尔夫又是休闲娱乐活动，故选D项。 第11题 A At Business Center. B At Convention Center. C In Grand Room. D In a nice restaurant. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Where will the conference be arranged? [一点即通] 女士说她会把会议室安排在 Grand Room，arrange是put sb. down for的同义转述，故选C项。 第12题 A To discuss conference. B To make a hotel reservation. C To talk about different kinds of rooms. D To talk about doing business. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What is the conversation mainly about? [一点即通] 男士打电话的主要目的是预订宾馆客房和会议室，故选B项。 第13题 A Find another equipment. B Connect his computer to the office. C Find the manger's office. D Do preparation for the minutes. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  W: I come to remind you of a meeting scheduled for 10 o'clock this morning. M: I am available at that time. W: That is great. The meeting will be held in the manager's office, do you know where the office is? M: Yes, I have been there before. W: Will you need any additional equipment set up for your presentation? M: No. I have a laptop computer. (23) As long as I can hook that up to the office, I should be all set. Are you responsible for the minutes? W: Yes. Since I am new here, I am not very familiar with the work until now. Can I consult you with a few questions? M: Sure. W: Should I record every word that everyone says? M: No, you needn't. You just make a note of the topics. W: And should I type out the minutes from the notes? M: Yes, of course. (24) In fact, the most important thing is to draft a reasonable agenda, which must be centered on the topic of the meeting and take all the factors into consideration. W: I see. M: For the preparation work, you need to notify every person who should attend the meeting. Especially, you need by inform related staff members who are responsible for some specific affairs at the meeting. (25) And after the meeting, you need to clear up their reports and decisions made at the 'meeting. W: Thank you very much. You have done me a great favor. M: Not at all. That's what I should do. See you then. W: See you. 23. Q: What will the man probably do before his presentation? [未听先知] 根据各选项中的preparation，present anon，meeting等词，推断该对话可能与组织和准备会议有关。 [一点即通] 女士询问男士的会议发言是否需要其他设备，男士回答只需把电脑连到办公室就可以了。所以男士会在会前做这一工作，故选B项。connect是hook up“连接”的同义转述。 第14题 A To write down as much as she can. B To prepare a reasonable presentation. C To make a list of the subjects to be considered at the meeting. D To give notice to people to attend the meetin 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: According to the man, what's the most important thing the woman should do? [一点即通] 男士认为女士应该做的最重要的事情是起草一份合理的议事日程，故选 C项。 第15题 A She should do the man a favor. B She should sort out the relevant material of the meeting. C She should arrange the next meeting. D She should go to see the manager. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What should the woman do after the meeting? [一点即通] 男士在最后提到，女士在会后需要整理大家所作的报告和会上所做的决定，故选B。clear up在对话中意思是“处理，清理”，sort out与其是同义短语。 四、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共120.0分）There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A few weeks ago, the Food Standards Agency (FSA. in the UK issued a report evaluating nutrient levels in organic versus non-organic foods like fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs, and dairy products. It is a complete, rigorous piece of research. And they found that, in terms of nutritional content, the differences between organic and non-organic foods are negligible. As the report states, "... organically and conventionally produced crops and livestock products are broadly comparable in their nutrient content." They did in fact find some nutritional differences between organic and non-organic foods, but concluded that it is "unlikely that these differences in nutrient content are relevant to consumer health." So here they have a nicely delimited (界定的) study of available research with rigorous standards and a fairly worded conclusion, all publicly available to download and read on the FSA website. The reaction, not surprisingly, was spectacular. The British tabloids alternately gloated (幸灾乐祸) with delight over the comeuppance(赢得的惩罚)of extravagant middle class shopping habits or frivolously attacked the study for insulting the people's common sense. But it was the reaction of the Soil Association, the leading British organic certification organization, which highlighted just how difficult it can be for good science to be understood. The Soil Association's response, published in papers across the land, entirely disregarded the intent of the study and instead argued that organic food is better for the environment and contains less pesticides than non- organic food. But in the very first paragraph of the report, the team states that they aren't looking at the impact on the environment of organic agriculture or the effect of pesticide use, both of which the FSA has extensively examined in other research. They are specifically looking at nutritional comparison. The Soil Association further argued that the FSA report had ignored studies that showed any benefit of organic food. As Ben Goldacre incisively dissected on his popular blog, Bad Science, the Soil Association's response was logically flawed and entirely beside the point. The FSA study is good science and by attacking, rather than endorsing it, the organic lobby in the UK has been plainly unscientific. It's hardly the right stance for an organization that carries su.ch widespread support from the well-educated, critical-thinking middle classes who choose to eat organic food. Any of the many other reasons to go organic—whether it is to avoid pesticides, to encourage better livestock practices, or to simply eat better tasting food—are sufficient to continue supporting the efforts of organic farmers. By misrepresenting the science and its intent, the Soil Association has damaged its credibility and objectivity, the very attributes that its organic label—a stamp of approval—is intended to convey. Which of the following is TRUE according to the finding of FSA? A The differences in nutrients between organic and non-organic foods are insignificant. B There is significant nutritional difference between organic and non-organic foods. C The differences in nutrient content are closely related with consumer health. D Organically and conventionally produced crops and livestock products are noticeable in their nutrient content. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拔] 根据题干关键词the finding of FSA定位到原文第一段第二句：It is acomplete，rigorous piece of research．And they found that，in terms of nutritional content，the differences between organic and non-organic foods are negligible．可知FSA的研究发现，在营养成分方面，有机和非有机食品间的区别可以忽略不计。故 A项符合原文。A项中的insignificant是句中negligible的同义转述。 [避错指导] 通过第二段可知，研究报告发现，有机生产与常规生产的农作物及牲畜产品在营养成分上基本没有差别。研究小组确实发现了有机食品与非有机食品在营养成分上的一些细微区别，不过这些营养成分的差异不太可能对消费者的健康产生影响，由此排除B、C项；文中并未提及有机或非有机食品的营养含量显著(noticeable)，只是说两者之间相差无几，排除D项。 第2题 What can be inferred from the reaction to FSA's report? A The report proves that middle class shopping habit is very reasonable. B The report reflects people's common sense. C The report is very difficult to be understood. D The report is very strikin 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the reaction to FSA's report定位到原文第三段第二句：The reaction，not surprisingly，was spectacular．即这一报告毫无悬念地引起了强烈的反响，故选D项。D项中的striking是句中spectacular的同义转述。 [避错指导] 根据原文第三段第三句可知，英国的一些报章幸灾乐祸地说这一研究结果是对中产阶级奢侈购物习惯的极大讽刺，由此排除A项；另一些报纸则说这一研究结果侮辱大众的常识，由此排除B项；英国土壤协会的反应则表明优秀的科研成果要被人所理解很困难，这是一种暗讽，其实是说英国土壤协会太愚昧，由此排除C项。 第3题 The Soil Association's asserted that the FSA's report ______. A had noticed the impact of organic agriculture on the environment B had ignored to examine the effect of pesticide use C should be criticized for neglecting the benefit of organic food D has entirely disregarded the intent of the study 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the Soil Association，response，FSA's report定位到原文第四段第四句：The Soil Association further argued that the FSA report had ignored studies that showed any benefit of organic food．即英国土壤协会认为FSA的报告忽略了那些表明有机食品具有优越性的研究成果。故选C项。 C项中的neglect和句中的ignore为近义词。 [避错指导] 根据原文第四段可知，英国土壤协会发表在公开刊物上的回应完全无视这一研究的初衷，由此排除D项；FSA的研究报告中已经明确指出只从营养方面对比有机和非有机食品，不考虑环境和杀虫剂的影响，因此土壤协会也就无法批评，故排除A、B项。 第4题 What's Ben Goldacre's opinion towards the Soil Association's response? A It is logic. B It is off the track. C It proposes the main point. D It is generally reasonabl 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词Ben Goldacre's opinion，the Soil Association's response定位到原文第四段最后一句：As Ben Goldacre incisively dissected on his popular blog，Bad Science，the Soil Association's response was logically flawed and entirely beside the point．即本·高德克里在他的博客“负面科学”中指出，英国土壤协会的反应逻辑混乱并且离题万里。因此选B项。B项中的off the track是句中beside the point的同义转述。 [避错指导] 根据原文第四段最后一句可知，说明英国土壤协会的反应没有逻辑并且离题，故否定A、C、 D项。 第5题 What can we learn from the last paragraph? A The FSA's study has been proved unscientific. B The FSA's study is supported by the well-educated middle classes. C The FSA's study tells a lot about the benefit of organic food. D The FSA's study has been distorted by the Soil Association. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the last paragraph定位到原文最后一段最后一句：By misrepresenting the science and its intent，the Soil Association has damaged its credibility and objectivity，the very attributes that its organic label—a stamp of approval—is intended to convey．可以推断出英国土壤协会扭曲了FSA的科学研究及其初衷，因此选D项。D项中的distort是句中misrepresent的同义转述。 [避错指导] 根据原文末段可以推断，有机食品业者大肆攻击FSA的研究结果的做法不够科学，故排除A项；英国土壤协会是一个受喜好有机食品的中产阶级精英广泛支持的组织，故排除B项；FSA的研究并未讲有机食品的益处，故否定C项。 第6题 The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive organizations in the American community. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them go to. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old political system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults. How does it happen that the system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts (there are a few exceptions), one member for each district. Statistically, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices. In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which thepolitical system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof. The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party against the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later. According to the passage, what's the fundamental reason for the coexistence of two major parties? A The election system. B The parliamentary system of government. C The large number of representatives. D The different election districts. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the fundamental reason，coexistence of two major parties定位到原文第二段：... The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted．The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position... 可知选举过程(即 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 )是两个大党共存的原因，故选A项。 [避错指导] 根据原文第二段第三句In the United States，unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government，we elect not only the President... 可知美国不同于政府议会制国家，故否定B项；从不同的选区中选举大量的议员也只是美国选举制度的一些具体特点，而不是两个大党共存的根本原因，故排除C、 D项。 第7题 Which of the following statement is NOT true about the political system in America? A It continued to exist along with the rivalry of these parties. B Americans are quite confident about it. C It is workable all the time. D Efforts to break up the system have been lon 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the political system定位到原文第一、三段。其中，第三段末句提到：Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof．即历史证明我们有理由对这一制度保持信心，但历史也表明这一制度不是万无一失的，由此推断这种政治体制不总是发挥作用，故选C项。 [避错指导] 根据第一段第三句Moreover，because the rivalry of these parties is very old，most Americans know where they belong in the system．可知两党争斗已经很长时间了，A项符合原文；根据第三段最后一句：Our history justifies our confidence in the system... 可知美国人对两党制有信心，B项符合原文；根据第一段末句：Attempts to break up this old political system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years，but the system has survived all assaults．可知在过去的100多年里有做出了很多突破两党制的努力，D项符合文意。 第8题 How can the defeated major party overthrow the winning party? A By exaggerating the victory of the winning party. B By minimizing the victory of the winning party. C By organizing movement. D By winning the support of the opposition. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词the defeated major party定位到原文最后一段最后两句：It is able，therefore， to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power．The second party... can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power，because it is certain to come into power sooner or later．可知第二大党能够吸引强烈反对执政党的其他党派的支持，并能够垄断击败执政党的运动，并上台执政，由此推知第二大党需要赢得反对执政党的支持才能击败执政党，因此选D项。 [避错指导] A、B项并不属于选举中失败的第二大党所采取措施，根据常识排除；要击败执政党，只能通过选举的 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 来实现，故排除C项。 第9题 The word "monopolize" in the last paragraph means ______. A confine B migrate C control D extend 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 根据题干关键词monopolize定位到原文最后一段最后一句；The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power，because it is certain to come into power sooner or later．根据语境，可以推断monopolize意为“控制，垄断”，因此选C项。 [避错指导] A项confine意为“限制”；B项migrate意为“迁移”；D项extend意为“延长”，均不符合语境。 第10题 What's the best title of the passage? A The election system of America. B The American two-party system. C The struggle between the two major parties in America. D The advantage and disadvantage of American political system. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：12.0分 【答案解析】 [深度点拨] 本文第一段指出民主党和共和党是美国最大、最有竞争力的组织：第二段指出两党制是如何能如此坚实地扎根于美国政治中；第三段指出美国人对两党制的运作历史；最后一段指出第二大党能在失败下继续生存并能打败执政党的原因。由此推断 全文 企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况 在介绍美国的两党制，因此选B项。 [避错指导] A项只是两党制能够存在的原因，C项只是两党制的一个特点；D项在文中来明确提及。 五、Listening Comprehension（Section B）（共10小题,共70.0分） In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 第1题 A Many specialized charitable organizations. B The small cities which are visited by a few people. C Some towns that are frequently visited. D Big cities and some shopping malls. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. (26) Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." (27) Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. (28)Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend," the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. 26. Q: Where can visitors experience the American hospitality most? [未听先知] 根据各选项中的American values，tradition，hospitality等关键词，推断该短文可能与美国人好客的传统有关。 [一点即通] 文章提到在一些游客较少参观的小城市和城镇，美国人对陌生人友好的传统表现地特别明显。故选B项。 第2题 A It is a well-kept tradition. B It tends to be superficial and artificial. C It is closely related to some organizations. D It is usually understood properly by visitors. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What can we learn about the American hospitality to strangers? [一点即通] 文章提到美国人对陌生人的友好是历史发展的文化传统，故选A项。 第3题 A It is the same in different countries. B It is used to show American values. C Its implication is sometimes misunderstood by visitors. D It is an American individual interest. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What can be inferred from the American usage of "friend"? [一点即通] 文章提到，美国人的“朋友”内涵可能与游客所在国家文化的“朋友”内涵大相径庭，因此可能会造成游客对该词意义的误解，故选C项。 第4题 A Remember your table rules. B Notice the different dining manners. C Prepare some toothpicks. D Don't remove the food stuck between your teet 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  One of the great things about traveling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. (29) Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn't always go over in another. The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, (30) when food starts to arrive, you can't just dig in. It's considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table has received his or her meal. Once you start to chow down, it's important to remember to keep your elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. Don't lean over and slurp from the plate on the table either. Food must be transported from the dish to your mouth with a fork or a spoon. (31) Never pick up your bowl or plate as you eat because this is especially considered rude beyond all belief. It is also considered rude to pick between your teeth where others can see you. Some restaurants usually do not supply toothpicks, so it is sometimes hard to decide when to remove food stuck between the teeth. It is usually best to excuse yourself and go to the bathroom. 29. Q: What should you pay attention to when you enjoy food in traveling? [未听先知] 根据各选项中的table rules，dining manners，meat，bowl等关键词推断该短文可能与餐桌礼仪有关。 [一点即通] 文章在开头提到当伸手拿食物时可得注意，否则有可能冒犯到别人。关于餐桌礼仪，某个国家通行的原则到了另一个国家可能不可行，故选B项。 第5题 A Take your seat before others. B Talk about some dining customs in your countries. C Receive your meal. D Begin to eat heartily. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What is regarded as rude when the food starts to serve? [一点即通] 文章提到当餐点开始上桌时，不能开吃。在桌上每个人都拿到自己的餐点之前开吃被认为是粗鲁的，故选D项。 第6题 A Keep your elbows on the table. B Keep your mouth open. C Pick up your bowl. D Slurp from the plat 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What eating habit is considered improper in America? [一点即通] 文章提到吃饭时端起碗碟是令人难以置信的粗鲁行为，故选C项。 unbelievable是beyond a11 belief的同义转述。 第7题 A South America and Asia. B Western Europe and North America. C North America and Asia. D South America and western Europ 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way—was it through training and practice, or are great players "born, not made"? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past—players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. (32) In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup—three from South America and three from western Europe. There has never been a great national team—or a really great player—from North America or from Asia. Second, (33) these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four. (34) Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighborhood—a poor, crowded area where a boy's dream is not to be a doctor or lawyer, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn't explain why they are great. (35) Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others. 32. Q: Where did the winners of the World Cup come from? [未听先知] 根据题目中各选项，由World Cup，players，soccer等关键词，判断本篇短文可能与足球运动员有关。 [一点即通] 文章提到只有来自南美和西欧的国家获得过世界杯冠军，故选D项。 第8题 A He played soccer when he was very young. B He was the son of Pele. C His son also played soccer. D lie played soccer because of Pel 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What do we learn about Alfredo Di Stelauo? [一点即通] 文章提到Alfredo Di Stefano和Pele都是专业足球运动员的儿子，从小就开始踢球，故选A项。 第9题 A Best soccer players live in poor areas. B People live in slum areas are born with some unique quality. C Children in poor areas start playing football at the age of three or four. D To demonstrate a great soccer player may be born in a poor are 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: Why did the speaker mention Liverpool? [一点即通] 文章提到，许多优秀足球运动员都来自贫困街区，这些街区贫困拥挤，所以男孩们的梦想是成为富有的运动明星。文中用for example引出Liverpool例证前面的论点，故选D项。 第10题 A Family background. B Neighborhood. C Unique quality. D Character. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：7.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] Q: What can separate some famous players from the others who also played the game very hard? [一点即通] 文章最后指出超级巨星都具有与众不同的气质，故选C项。 六、Translation（本大题4小题．每题7.0分，共28.0分。 Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. (5 minutes) ） 第1题 To stimulate employees' enthusiasm, the company_______(把工资提高了三分之一).   【正确答案】： 答案:raises the salary by a third [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] ①倍数增减的表达：“动词+by+数词”；②词组：raise the salary“涨工资”。 [拓展] 倍数的其它种表达： ①倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than 例：two times longer than ②倍数+as+形容词或副词+as 例：two times as long as ③倍数+名词 例：two times the length of 第2题 This was not the first time______(他背叛我们).   【正确答案】： 答案:he had betrayed us [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 动词时态。句子中有序数词(first/second/third...)时后面定语从句用完成时态。 [拓展] It is the first time that... 句型中，that从句用完成时；It is high time that...句型中，that从句用虚拟语气(did或should do)。注意区分。 第3题 If you explained your situation to the teacher, he______(能给你更好的建议).   【正确答案】： 答案:would be able to advise you much better [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 非真实条件句的虚拟语气。当表示与现在事实相反的情况时．从句用一般过去时，主句用 would do。 [拓展] 非真实条件句的虚拟语气分为三种： ①假设与现在事实相反，则if从句谓语用过去时，主句谓语用would do； ②假设与过去事实相反．则if从句渭浯用过去完成时，主句谓语用would have done； ③假设与将来事实相反，则if从句谓语用过去时或should do，主句谓语用would do。 第4题 ______(她刚刚睡着) when a knock at the awakened her.   【正确答案】： 答案:Hardly had she fallen asleep [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [考点] 否定副词放句首时，句子部分倒装。 [拓展] hardly... when... 句型中，主句用完成式，否定副词hardly放句首形成部分倒装，应将助动词had提到主语之前。 none、七（共Listening Comprehension（Section C）小题,11共分）77.0 第1题 Most of the career choices in today's world are not personal choices at all, but people are held (1)______  by salaries, family and peer (2)______etc. Most of us take up jobs or careers followed by a (3)______, even though we are not (4)______about the work that we are going to do. This is not (5)______or does not make any sense to me at all. We are rather eager to work almost 9 to 12 hours at a place that does not (6)______us or the work we are not interested in. It is time for us to pull up our socks and make the correct career choices that will (7)______a passion to live life to the (8) ______ (9)___________________________________________ , especially in your career. To achieve something in life you must possess the desire and the passion to live it. (10)___________________________________________. You have to break down all barriers of paychecks, family and peer pressures, comfort zones, conveniences and start dreaming about the kind of career you want to pursue. This will surely make some people around you unhappy, but (11)___________________________________________. 【正确答案】： 答案:hostage [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]  Most of the career choices in today's world are not personal choices at all, but people are held (36) hostage by salaries, family and peer (37) pressure etc. Most of us take up jobs or careers followed by a (38) paycheck, even though we are not (39) passionate about the work that we are going to do. This is not (40) logical or does not make any sense to me at all. We are rather eager to work almost 9 to 12 hours at a place that does not (41) motivate us or the work we are not interested in. It is time for us to pull up our socks and make the correct career choices that will (42) stimulate a passion to live life to the (43)maximum. (44)Evaluation, genuineness and practicality is all it would take to make the correct choices in life, especially in your career. To achieve something in life you must possess the desire and the passion to live it. (45)It's time to free up your mind from all kinds of blockages that stands between you and your dream career. You have to break down all harriers of paychecks, family and peer pressures, comfort zones, conveniences and start dreaming about the kind of career you want to pursue. This will surely make some people around you unhappy, but (46)it will surely free you from the misery of living the life that you fear. [一点即通] hostage意为“人质”。由空格前的held判断此处缺少名词。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:pressure [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] pressure意为“压力”。空格前有名词修饰语peer，可见此处可能填名词。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:paycheck [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] paycheck意为“薪水”。根据空前面的冠词a，可以判断此处所填的词为名词。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:passionate [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] passionate意为“充满激情的”。根据空前面系动词be及后面的介词about，可以判断此处所填的词为形容词。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:logical [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] logical意为“符合逻辑的”。根据空前面系动词be，可以判断此处所填的词为形容词。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:motivate [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] motivate意为“激发”。根据空前面助动词does，可以判断此处所填的词为动词。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:stimulate [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] stimulate意为“激励”。根据空前面助动词does，可以判断此处所填的词为动词。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:maximum [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] maximum意为“最大的量”。由空前的冠词the，可判断此处为名词。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:Evaluation，genuineness and practicality is all it would take to make the correct choices in life [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 生活中的评价，真诚度和实用性足以让我们做出正确的选择 [得分点] Evaluation，genuineness，practicality，correct，choices，life [第二答案] Evaluation，genuineness and practicality is the motivation to make the correct choices in life． 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:It's time to free up your mind from all kinds of blockages that stands between you and your dream career [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 现在是时候把你的思想从各种阻挠你追求梦想职业的禁锢中解放出来了 [得分点] free up mind from，blockages，stand，dream career [第二答案] It's time to make clear all the problems that block you dorm your dream career． 第11题 【正确答案】： 答案:it will surely free you from the misery of living the life that you fear [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 这一定会将你从令你理想的悲惨生活中解脱出来 [得分点] free you from，misery，living，life，fear [第二答案] It will surely free you from the miserable life that you fear． none、八（共Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)小题,5共分）60.0 第1题 As the automobile industry sheds jobs, it comes as good news that over the last decade or so the Internet has created 1.2 million jobs, many paying higher salaries than average, a new study finds. Internet business contributes 2.1%, or $ 300 billion, to the total GDP of the U. S. And IT and related online business may be faring better in this recession than they did in the dotcom bubble of 2000-2002, still growing revenue but at slower pace. Consumers are now making 10X of their retail purchases online, with the exception of groceries, on the Internet, and Internet-based advertising has increased four-fold since 2002 to more than $ 20 billion, said John Deighton, a professor of business administration at Harvard Business School, and one of the authors of the study along with Hamilton Consultants Inc. The study, considered independent, attempts to measure the so-called Internet economy. It was prepared for the Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB. in New York, which represents a variety of Internet and media companies. It does not raise policy implications, but IAB officials said the data will help them make the case for self regulation on issues such as privacy. Randall Rothenberg, president and CEO of IAB, said the report is the "first rigorous, comprehensive look at the size, scope and impact of the interactive advertising ecosystem." Deighton said the finding could help make the case for a move away from employer-based health care, which he called something out of the Middle Ages, to a system that is good for people to start new businesses without having to provide health coverage. The study's job estimate is based on people who work directly in building or maintaining the Internet's infrastructure, conduct advertising and commerce over it, and other direct uses. The number of indirect jobs supported by Internet-related activities may raise the total number of jobs by 1.54 million, or to slightly more than 3 million supported jobs. E-commerce companies, as well as those that deliver the physical goods, were the major employers, with more than 500,000 of the 1.2 million jobs. Internet service providers followed at 181,000. Content-related employment was estimated at nearly 60,000, and software as a service, 31,500. John Yaglenski, who runs the independent Walt Disney World travel information site Intercot. com, along with 35 volunteers, was at the announcement today and said that that regulation that imposes new requirements and restricts information collection could have a serious impact. Yaglenski said he has privacy policies clearly outlined on his site and believes the industry can regulate itself. "If the government steps in and regulates the industry to the degree that it has done in some other areas, it could really affect our livelihood," he said. Which kind of business performs well during this economic recession according to the passage? 【正确答案】： 答案:IT and related online business． [本题分数]： 12.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词business，this recession定位到原文第二段第二句：And IT and related online business may be faring better in this recession than they did... 可知在这次经济危机中IT和相关产业运转良好。 第2题 What's the purpose to do the study? 【正确答案】： 答案:To measure the so-called Internet economy． [本题分数]： 12.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词purpose，study定位到原文第四段第一句：The study，considered independent，attempts to measure the so-called Internet economy．可知研究的目的是为了掌握因特网经济的状况。题干中the purpose to是句中attempts to的同义转述。 第3题 According to Deighton, the study could make it beneficial for people to start new business without offering ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:health coverage [本题分数]： 12.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词Deighton，business定位到原文第六段：Deighton said the finding could help... to a system that is good for people to start new businesses without having to provide health coverage．可知研究的结果有助于帮助现有的医疗制度转型，从而有利于人们创业，却无需为员工支付医疗保险费用。题干中的beneficial和offer分别与句中be good for和provide同义转述。 第4题 Yaglenski believed that the regulation could influence the internet business seriously with the enforcement of new requirements and ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:restriction of information collection [本题分数]： 12.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词Yaglenski，requirements定位到原文第九段：John Yaglenski... said that that regulation that imposes new requirements and restricts information collection could have a serious impact．可知新的要求和搜集信息的限制会严重影响网络经济。题干中的influence seriously是句中have a serious impact的同义转述。 第5题 As Yaglenski has his privacy policies to run his site, he thinks that the industry is capable of ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:regulating itself [本题分数]： 12.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词Yaglenski，privacy policies定位到原文最后一段第一句：Yaglenski said he has privacy policies clearly outlined on his site and believes the industry can regulate itself．题干中的the industry is capable of... 是句中the industry can... 的同义转述。注意动词的形式。 none、九（共Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)小题,10共分）70.0 第1题 Tips for Getting a Good Night's Sleep I have to admit something—I don't sleep. Okay, I sleep, but it's not nearly enough. I'm lucky if I get seven hours a night, and on the weekends? Let's just say the number decreases significantly. Judging by the long lines at the sixteen Starbucks I pass on my way to work, I'm not alone. Work, stress, and social lives all pose a devastating effect on our precious sleep cycles. The majority of us are not only lacking necessary sleep hours, but the quality of our sleep leaves something to be desired. Hoping to curb my morning dullness and mid-afternoon sleepiness, I consulted two professional sleep experts to find out how we can achieve the best kind of sleep—sleep that leaves us feeling rested, alert, and not so dependent on caffeine. Figure out your perfect number The oft-quoted "eight hours a night" is a rule not unlike "eight glasses of water a day"—good in theory, but too general. The amount of sleep one needs varies from person to person. "There is no magic number that works for everybody," says Dr. Tracy Kuo, a clinical psychiatrist and sleep disorder specialist at Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic. "As an individual, you need to figure out what your sleep need is." However, most doctors recommend getting somewhere between seven to eight hours of sleep. Dr. Kenneth Weeks, a cardiologist specializing in sleep disorders and their association with heart problems, suggests shooting for seven-and-a-half hours a night. A good night's sleep means we can function with a steady, healthy level of energy throughout the next day, so find the amount of hours that allows you to achieve this state. Make sleep a priority Both Dr. Kuo and Dr. Weeks concur that most of us don't realize the importance of sleep, and they caution that this is one of the worst mistakes we make. "A challenge we all face in modern life is valuing sleep enough,"Dr. Kuo explains. "Most people take time away from sleep to do things, so they're not letting themselves get enough sleep." Sleep restriction has been linked to many problems including mood disorders like depression and anxiety, weight gain, and a shorter life expectancy. Just as we have to make time for health-improving and preventative activities like exercise anti eating well, we should make sure to incorporate an adequate amount of sleep into our schedules, too. Limit eating and exercise prior to bedtime Eating a heavy meal or working out too close to bedtime can cause a poor quality of sleep because both lead to sleep fragmentation—waking up throughout the night. Dr. Kuo advises that people "need to have enough time for that activation level caused by exercise to decrease so that sleep is permitted." Both Kuo and Weeks recommend eating or exercising no closer than three to four hours before sleeping. Unfortunately, hectic schedules sometimes demand that our meal times and gym sessions occur later at night. And, as Dr. Kuo says, "If you go to bed starving, you're not going to go to sleep either." Try relaxing as much as possible after working out; lay down, take deep breaths, and focus on cooling down your body temperature. As for midnight snack attacks, Dr. Weeks recommends eating something "that dissolves quickly and won't sit in the stomach." He lists warm milk and crackers with a little peanut butter as good options. Pinpoint the negative effects The best way to figure out whether or not we're getting all the sleep we need is to figure out how a lack of sleep is really affecting our lives. If we don't recognize the problems, we probably won't act on the cause. If feeling tired in the afternoon is an everyday occurrence, if caffeine is a necessity, if you fall asleep within five minutes of your head hitting the pillow, you need more sleep] These are not healthy ways to go through the day, but we fail to recognize them as serious consequences because they have become part of our everyday realities. "People often say, 'Oh, sleep is sleep, ' but sleep is life-saving. It's restorative," Dr. Weeks says. It's wholly necessary for our physical health and mental well-being, but it's also one of the things we take for granted the most. Think about this—when was the last time you woke up feeling ready to go, and maintained that alert feeling throughout the day? Chase that feeling; it's a good one. Say no to naps Naps seem like a great way to catch up on lost sleep—plus, who doesn't love a good mid-afternoon snooze (打盹)? Sadly, relying on naps too much can only exacerbate (加重) the problem of nighttime sleep withdrawal. "Power naps are okay once in a while," Dr. Weeks admits, but he advises minimizing them to no more than thirty minutes. People who nap longer than thirty minutes often fall into the deep sleep phases, which can lead to dullness upon waking instead of the restful, wakeful state that was our intention with the nap. It is possible to catch up on sleep, but instead of napping after a late night or all-nighter, we should instead focus on getting a little more sleep over time. "If you .allow yourself a little more opportunity to sleep, in about six to eight weeks, you can wipe out your sleep debt." It seems like a lengthy process, but it is the best way for our body to recover from a lack of sleep, and, unlike naps, it will improve the flow of our sleep cycle. Create a good sleep setting There's a reason why most of us start to feel drowsy as it turns to night. When our eyes see the skies begin to darken, it signals the pineal gland (脑部的松果腺) to leak some chemical into the brain, which brings about yawning and dullness. That's why a dark room is often recommended for a restful night. Use wave machines or listen to soothing music to block out street traffic, but don't fall asleep to the TV—that can lead to sleep fragmentation. Dr. Weeks also suggests keeping business and work out of the bedroom. "Use the bedroom for only romance and sleep," he says. Part of keeping work separate from our sleeping area means blocking out anxieties and worries, too. They can cause fitful sleep and nightmares, so try not to think of them prior to bed. However, since that's almost impossible for most people, Freud might have a better solution. "Freud showed evidence that if you move anxieties physically, it'll move them out of your brain," Dr. Weeks explains. He suggests writing worries down on a piece of paper and moving it outside of the room, or at least to the bedside table. Wherever it's moved to, your anxieties will hopefully be moved away from your thoughts and dreams. It seems like lacking sleep is a source of pride within industrial countries like the United States. If we're losing sleep, that supposedly means we're being more productive and efficient. The truth is that our bodies and minds become much less efficient the more we deprive ourselves of sleep. Learning to recognize and combat the daily consequences can help us avoid the more serious; long-term effects such as depression and weight gain. Getting the best quality of sleep possible will help us ensure an overall better quality of life. As far as the sleep experts are concerned, the most quality sleep ______. A can make people feel alert B should be dependent on caffeine C may cause morning dullness D is related with mid-afternoon sleepiness 【正确答案】： A [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词sleep experts，the most quality sleep定位到原文第二段最后一句：... the best kind of sleep—sleep that leaves us feeling rested，alert，and not so dependent on caffeine．可知最优质的睡眠能够使人感觉轻松、警觉，并无需依靠咖啡因保持清醒，故A项符合原文。 第2题 According to the passage, eight hours a night ______. A is unlike eight glasses of water a day B is only sound in theory C is applicable to everyone D is a rule with public obedience 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词eight hours a night定位到原文介绍部分第一分标题下第一句，The oft-quoted“eight hours a night” is a rule not unlike“eight glasses of water a day”—good in theory，but too general． The amount of sleep one needs varies from person to person．可知“每晚八小时睡眠”跟“每天八杯水”一样．在理论上正确，但是过于笼统。每个人需要的睡眠时间各不相同。故B项符合原文。 第3题 People frequently suffering from sleep restriction tend to ______. A live longer B lose much weight C eat less food D grow anxious and depressed 【正确答案】： D [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词sleep restriction定位到原文第二分标题下第四句：Sleep restriction has been linked to many problems including mood disorders like depression and anxiety，weight gain，and a shorter life expectancy．可知睡眠不好往往会引起许多情绪紊乱的情况．其中包括郁闷焦虑、体重增加、寿命缩短。故 D项符合原文。 第4题 A poor-quality sleep may be caused by the following factors EXCEPT ______. A having a heavy meal shortly before sleep B getting too relaxed before bedtime C working out close to bedtime D eating too hard snacks 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词poor-quality sleep定位到原文第三分标题第一段第一句：Eating a heavy meal or working out too close to bedtime can cause a poor quality of sleep because both lead to sleep fragmentatlon— waking up throughout the night．及最后一句，可知在睡觉之前吃得过饱或剧烈运动都会影响睡眠；专家建议在睡觉前只能吃可以迅速消化的零食。B项是获得高质量睡眠的建议，故选B项。 第5题 Which of the following can indicate that you need more sleep? A Falling asleep quickly. B Feeling tired in the afternoon occasionally. C Waking up early in the morning. D Feeling rested all day. 【正确答案】： A [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词need more sleep定位到原文第四分标题下第三句：If feeling tired in the afternoon is an everyday occurrence．if caffeine is a necessity，if you fall asleep within five minutes of your head hitting the pillow，you need more sleep!可知每天下午都感到疲惫、躺在床上很快入睡都是需要更多睡眠的标志。A项符合原文。 第6题 According to Dr. Weeks, sleep has a(n) ______ function. A time-saving B energy-saving C life-saving D money-saving 【正确答案】： C [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词Dr．Weeks，function定位到原文第四分标题下第五句：“People often save，'Oh，sleep is sleep,' but sleep is life-saving．It's restorative,” Dr．Weeks says．可知睡眠有助于恢复健康，延长寿命。故C项符合文意。 第7题 According to the passage, the best way to make up for sleep deficit is ______. A to take naps everyday B to have more sleep over time C to go to bed early D to drink a cup of milk before bedtime 【正确答案】： B [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词the best way，sleep deficit定位到原文第五分标题下倒数三句：It is possible to catch up on sleep，... we should instead focus on getting a little more sleep over time... can wipe out your sleep debt... it is the best way for our body to recover from a lack of sleep... 可知，最好的弥补睡眠不足的方面是每天多睡一点。故B项符合原文。 第8题 Dark setting can give a message to the brain to release chemicals that lead to ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:yawning and dullness   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词Dark setting，give a message to，the brain，chemicals定位到原文第六部分第一段When our eyes see the skies begin to darken，“signals the pineal gland to leak some chemical into the brain, which brings about yawning and dullness．故答案是yawning and dullness。   第9题 In Freud's theory, anxiety can be removed ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:physically   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词nighttime sleep withdrawal定位到原文第六分标题第二段第四句：Freud showed evidence that if you move anxieties physically... 可知通过身体活动可以消除焦虑，答案是 physically。   第10题 It looks as if that people in America are proud of ______. 【正确答案】： 答案:1acking sleep   [本题分数]： 7.0 分 【答案解析】 [一点即通] 根据题干关键词people in America，are proud of定位到原文最后一段首句；It seems like lacking sleep is a source of pride with in industrial countries like the United States．可知美国人以睡眠少荣，故答案为 lacking sleep。   跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com