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Contents 中文i摘要 iiAbstract iiiAcknowledgements 1Introduction 3I. Memetics Context 3A. The Origin of Meme 4B. Definition of Meme 41. Host and Vector 2. Singular Meme and Memeplex 5 3. Meme Hook 5 C. The Lifecycle of Memes 6 1. Information Processing 6 2. Thought Contagion 7 D. Meme and Language 8 1. Language Transmits Meme 8 2. Meme Benefits the Development of Language 8 3. Meme Theory in Language Communication 9 II. Conflict Talk Context 11 A. Definition of Conflict Talk 11 B. Logic Framework of Conflict Talk 11 C. Categories of Conflict Talk 12 D. The Combination of Conflict Talk and Memetics 13 III. Case Studies of Memetic Analysis on Parent-teenager Conflict Talk 14 A. Brief Introduction of Modern Family 14 B. Conflict Talk as Memetic Competition 15 C. Conflict Memes in the Initiation Stage 16 1. Ideational Conflict Memes 16 2. Interpersonal Conflict Memes 18 3. Textual Conflict Memes 19 D. Transmission and Contagion of Conflict Meme in the Escalation Stage 20 1. Vector in the Transmission 20 1.1 Transmission by Verbal Vector 21 1.2 Transmission by Non-verbal Vectors 21 2. Contagion in the Transmission 22 2.1 The Verbal Contagion 22 2.2 The Non-verbal Contagion 23 E. The Results of Conflict Meme Competition in the Termination Stage 24 1. Win or Lose 24 2. Compromise 25 3. Deadlock 26 Conclusion 28 Notes 29 Bibliography 31 dictionaries have put it in the new editions, defining it as “an element of culture that may be considered to be passed on by non-genetic means, especially imitation.” 5 And according to the Merriam Webster’s Dictionary, the meme is an ideas, behavior, style, or usage that spread from person to person within a culture. 6 Moreover, memetists also gave their opinions. For example, Blackmore (1990) have broadened the definition of memetics invented by Dawkins, defining that anything “that can be passed on by imitation” 7 can be counted as memes. Dennett (1995) even described an individual as “a particular sort of ape infested with memes”.8 Although, looked from various perspectives, none of them can be regarded as a standard and absolute definition of meme, they all reached a consensus that, as a basic unit of culture, meme is a replicator which transmits with imitation. B. Definition of Meme Practically all cultural entities are memes: images, books, poems, theories, religions, language, melodies, rumors, etc. It suffices that the underlying informational or behavioral pattern is copied, e.g. when people imitate other people’s habits or styles, when they learn other’s ideas, or reproduce works of art. Like genes, cultural variants can be more or less successful in spreading through the population. They therefore undergo natural selection, and thus evolution. However, the analogy between genetics and memetics was merely instructional in the initial phase of understanding meme. To gain a complete understanding, a further study on the idea of meme in itself, the inner memetic working is indispensable. 1. Host and Vector In this paper, we are going to use the word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 s “host” and “vector” employed by Henrik Bjarneskans, Bjarne Grunevik and Anders Sandberg, showing a usable and distinct definition. According to them, a host must be able to possess at least the potential capacity to elaborate on the meme and to perform those cognitive tasks connected to the meme that we normally refer to as “understanding”. This means that only humans can be hosts, and here, in the paper, refers to the parents and their teenagers. On the contrary, a vector can be anything that transports the meme between hosts without the capacity to reflect on the meme, such as a wall, a voice, an email-program, or a picture. In this essay, therefore, the vectors include both verbal and non-verbal ones in the parent-teenager conflict talks.