07 从中英文化差异谈英文学习（授课：George）

��� ���� �������˜¨lš»·jw&™š»·!逻辑英语第四阶第,、-集从中英文化差异谈英文学习讲师w:U_bWULanguageCulture:ChineseandEnglish语言文化0中文和英文的语言文化起源▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX6XYnUcUg_bTcS_]UVb_]pYSdebUc(pYSd_WbapXc)anTabUn_gcX_bdUnUT_baRcdbaSdV_b]c_VpYSdebUcgXYSXUhpbUccanYTUa(YTU_WbapXc)%中文单词来源于图片(象形文字)v现在是缩略形式或抽象的图片形式v 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达思想(象形文字)�In8nWlYcXgUSalldXUpabd_Va6XYnUcUSXabaSdUbgXYSXcX_gcdXU]UanYnW_VdXUSXabaSdUbabaTYSal(部首v偏旁u%在英语中v我们称其为汉字的一部分v它显示了一个部首的含义。▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXK_eSancUUdXU]UanYnWYna6XYnUcUg_bTVb_]dXUppYSdebUqYndXUg_bT,dXUpYSd_WbapX_bYTU_WbapXYndXUbaTYSal%你可以从汉字的p外观q、p象形文字q或p表意文字q中看出汉语的意思。如果我们知道汉字的p图片部分q的含义v我们就能猜出它的意思v或者它指的是什么。IVgU[n_gdXU]UanYnW_VdXUppYSdebUpabdq_Va6XYnUcUSXabaSdUb,gUSanWeUccYdc]UanYnW_bgXadYdbUVUbcd_%▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX8nWlYcXg_bTcabUV_b]UTgYdXlUddUbcVb_]dXUalpXaRUd4-L英语单词是由字母4-L字母组成的。英语单词词根"前缀或后缀。8nWlYcXg_bTcb__d"pbUVYh_bceVVYh组成6XYnUcUSXabaSdUbcbaTYSal"c_enTS_]p_nUnd汉字词根"声部。言字旁w说讲诉请询火字旁w炎炷炬熏烫E_]U6XYnUcUg_bTcabUbaTYSalcdXU]cUlfUc一些汉语词汇本身就是偏旁部首。心土水口言火鱼手▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX4pbUVYhY(前缀uYcaddXURUWYnnYnW_Vag_bTanT]aiSXanWUdXU]UanYnW_Vag_bT%一个前缀(前缀)是一个词的开头,前缀可能改变一个词的意义。FXUg_bTb__d(词根uWYfUci_eag_bToc_bYWYnal]UanYnW%¹D±‹ªD±šfcs+� 4ceVVYht后缀uYcaddXUUnT_Vag_bTanTdUllci_egXadpabd_VcpUUSX(n_en,aTZUSdYfU,aTfUbR)dXUg_bTYc%m£€一个词的…mDd,n°:2*±q(l±�pi±�C±)¹D±�比如w▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXp_bd▶Y]p_bdUhp_bdbUp_bddbancp_bdC_bdUb▶Y]p_bdUbUhp_bdUbbUp_bdUbdbancp_bdUbI]p_bdadY_n▶Uhp_bdadY_ndbancp_bdadY_n�E_]U8nWlYcXg_bTcT_n_dXafUpbUVYhUc†1©´G±†B£�b�UabdXc[iXUafUn]anV__dXanTXUabdIXUni_el__[adan8nWlYcXg_bT,i_eSanWeUccYdc]UanYnW_bgXadYdbUVUbcd_Vb_]dXUg_bTb__dgXYSXYcpabd_VdXUg_bT%当你看一个英语单词时v你可以猜出它的意思v或者是从单词一部分的词根中引用。9_bUha]plU,p_bdYcVb_]?adYnpp_bdabUqanT]Uancpd_Sabbiq例如vp_bd端口来自于拉zpp_bdabUq端口v还有携带的意思K_eSancUabSXV_bg_bTb__dc_V8nWlYcXg_bTc_ndXUcUgURcYdUc0Xddpc0//Un%gY[YpUTYa%_bW/gY[Y/?YcdO_VO:bUU[OanTO?adYnOb__dcOYnO8nWlYcXXddp0//ggg%]aSb_Uf_ledY_n%nUd/b__d-g_bT-TYSdY_nabi%Xd]l▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX汉语文化In_ebTYcSeccY_nd_nYWXdaR_edlanWeaWUSeldebU,acYdbUladUcd_6XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX,Igandd_cdabdgYdXaRbYUVTYcSeccY_n_V6XYnUcU%ZuT3‚š­¯(�=L´¬|b�sFf’gA´o©´�ur<žG[­¯$´� 6XYnUcUYcafUbiY]p_bdandlanWeaWUgXYSXXacYnVleUnSUTdXUlanWeaWUanTSeldebU_V6XYnanUYWXR_bcYn4cYa,na]Uli,K_bUa,=apananTHYUdAa]%汉语是一种非常重要的语言v它影响了亚洲邻国的语言和文化v也就是韩国、日本和越南。6XYnUcUcp_[Ung_bTcanT6XYnUcUSXabaSdUbcSanRUV_enTYndXUcUlanWeaWUc,UfUndX_eWXK_bUananT=apanUcUabUn_dYndXUca]UlanWeaWUVa]Yliac6XYnUcU%在这些语言中可以找到汉语口语和汉字v尽管韩语和日语与汉语的语系并不相同。=apanUcUanTK_bUanabUcaYTd_RUl_nWd_dXUGbal4ldaYSlanWeaWUVa]Yli(乌拉尔阿尔泰语系),gXYSXYnSleTUcManSXe,Feb[YcX,4jUbRaYZanY,KXaja[X,KXYbWYj,GjRU[,GiWeb,M_nW_lYan,9YnnYcX,UdS%据说v日本和韩国是属于乌拉尔阿尔泰语系(乌拉尔阿尔泰语系),包括满族、土耳其、阿塞拜疆、KXaja[X,KXYbWYj,乌兹别克,维吾尔族、蒙古族、芬兰等。?anWeaWUcab_enTdXUg_blTallRUl_nWd_TYVVUbUndlanWeaWUVa]YlYUc%6XYnUcURUl_nWcd_dXUEYn_FYRUdanlanWeaWUVa]Yli(汉藏语系u世界各地的语言都属于不同的语系。中国属于EYn_FYRUdan语系(汉藏语系)▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX• 汉藏语系(EF)是世界上最大的语系之一v其母语人士甚至超过印欧语系。超过((亿的中国方言(中国方言)构成了世界上最大的语言社区。EF既包括EYnYdYS和dYRUd_-Reb]an语言。今天v在中国v大多数学者对EF(中文叫Xan_-janW)的看法更为广泛v不仅包括这两个分支v还有FaY(2"DaYS")和X]_nW-]YUn(2]Ya_-ia_)。即使在狭义上v我们也在处理一个高度分化的语言家庭v其范围、复杂性和时间深度。dYRUd_-Reb]an(F5)除了藏语和缅甸语外v还有数百种语言v分布在广阔的地理区域(中国、印度、喜马拉雅地区、亚洲半岛)。• EYn_-FYRUdan(EF)Yc_nU_VdXUlabWUcdlanWeaWUVa]YlYUcYndXUg_blT,gYdX]_bUVYbcd-lanWeaWUcpUa[UbcdXanUfUnInT_-8eb_pUan%FXU]_bUdXan(%(RYllY_ncpUa[Ubc_VEYnYdYS(dXU6XYnUcUTYalUSdc)S_ncdYdedUdXUg_blT'clabWUcdcpUUSXS_]]enYdi%EFYnSleTUcR_dXdXUEYnYdYSanTdXUFYRUd_-5eb]anlanWeaWUc%M_cdcSX_labcYn6XYnad_Taida[UanUfUnRb_aTUbfYUg_VEF(SallUT;ln-LlnWYnManTabYn),YnSleTYnWn_d_nlidXUcUdg_RbanSXUc,RedFaY(2"DaYS")anT;]_nW-MYUn(2MYa_-Ka_)acgUll%8fUnda[YnWEFYnYdcnabb_gUbcUncU,gUabUTUalYnWgYdXaXYWXliTYVVUbUndYadUTlanWeaWUVa]Yli_VV_b]YTaRlUcS_pU,S_]plUhYdi,anTdY]U-TUpdX%FYRUd_-5eb]an(F5)S_]pbYcUcXenTbUTc_VlanWeaWUcRUcYTUcFYRUdananT5eb]UcU,cpbUaT_fUbafacdWU_WbapXYSalabUa(6XYna,InTYa,dXU;Y]alaianbUWY_n,pUnYncelabE84cYa)%• ;UbUYcagURcYdUgXYSXdal[caR_eddXUEYn_-FYRUdanlanWeaWUVa]Yli0• Xddp0//cdUTd%RUb[UlUi%UTe/aR_ed-cd▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXEYn_-FYRUdan?anWeaWUc������������������������ 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������-�����▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX英语文化• 8nWlYcXYca]U]RUb_VdXUInT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUVa]Yli%InT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUcabUcp_[UnRipU_plUalldXUgaiVb_]E_edX,6Undbal,anTIUcdUbn4cYad_8eb_pUanTA_bdX4]UbYSa%• 英语是印欧语系的一员。印欧语系的语言从南亚、中环、西亚到欧洲和北美都是人们所使用的语言。• Manig_bTcYn8nWlYcXabUbUladUTd_g_bTcYn_dXUbInT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUc%IVi_e[n_gdXYc,YdgYll]a[UYdUacYUbV_bi_ed_cdeTi8nWlYcX,RUSaecUi_eSancUUgXUbU8nWlYcXg_bTcS_]UVb_]anTX_gdXUiabUbUladUTd__dXUblanWeaWUcog_bTc%• ©´(š®`G±¾%>4eŒ´ šG±†=�b‰:œ¼¹”�:kMSƒi[e,©´�sF:MS›A©´G±šˆ“SgfT%>4´¬š¦ �▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX地理分布▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXCbUcUnd-TainadYfUTYcdbYRedY_n_VInT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUc,gYdXYndXUYbX_]UlanT_V8ebacYa04lRanYan4b]UnYan5ald_-ElafYS(5aldYS)5ald_-ElafYS(ElafYS)6UldYS:Ub]anYS;UllUnYS(:bUU[)InT_-IbanYan(InT_-4bian,IbanYan,anTAebYcdanY)IdalYS(D_]anSU)A_n-InT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUcD_ddUT/cdbYpUTabUacYnTYSadUgXUbU]eldYlYnWealYc]YcS_]]_nFXU]ap_ndXUpbUSUTYnWpaWUaR_fUcX_gcS_endbYUcgXUbU8nWlYcXYccp_[UnacdXU_VVYSYal_ben_VVYSYallanWeaWU_VdXadS_endbi%#Á¹Âš[u.©´9F³tg}vÀg}´¬šth�▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX• E_]US_endbYUcXafUl_SalYjUTdXUYb8nWlYcXf_SaRelabYUcRiaTTYnWg_bTcVb_]l_SallanWeaWUc%• 1thº¸^ao[´¬š±Žˆ‡Yb4Tš©´±Ž�• 4nTg_bTcVb_]lanWeaWUcdXb_eWX_eddXUg_blTXafURUS_]Uapabd_V]_TUbn8nWlYcX%• ¤ˆ¨&™N[š´¬m¢tF–5©´š½?�• 9_bUha]plU,dXUg_bT,p_[aiq]UancpYdYcc_qYn6X_Sdag,aAadYfU4]UbYSanlanWeaWU,anTpS_bbalqS_]UcVb_]pS_bb_qgXYSXYcEpanYcXV_bbYnW%• 例如vp_[q这个词在6X_Sdag(一种美国本土语言)的意思是pYdYcc_qv而pS_bbalq则来自pS_bb_qv即西班牙语的bYnW。• n6_VVUUqS_]UcVb_]IdalYanpSaVVUUq(EpanYcXpSaVmq)gXYSXS_]UcVb_]Feb[YcXp[aXfUXqgXYSXS_]UcVb_]4baRYSpaaXgaXq,gXYSX]aibUVUbd_dXUKaVVabUWY_n_V8dXY_pYa,aX_]U_VdXU(S_VVUUpland)• �pr�ˆ¨sa@´�caffee”(«—•´�cafe”)�fˆ¨Y¥>´š�kahveh”�ˆ¨¿x8´š�qahwah”�syy];0šKaffa[c(prŠš{-)�▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXInT_-8eb_pUan?anWeaWUc• :U_WbapXYSTYcdbYRedY_n地理分布• BbYWYnallipabdc_V4cYaanT]aZ_bYdi_V8eb_pU1n_gg_blTgYTU%• M_bUdXan*%+RYllY_ncpUa[Ubc%• BnU_VdXUg_blTocpbY]abilanWeaWUVa]YlYUc• Cb_d_-InT_-8eb_pUan原始印欧语系• EeR-TYfYcY_nc细分• 4lRanYan阿尔巴尼亚语IXUni_elUabn8nWlYcX,i_eabUlUabnYnWaR_ed_dXUbSeldebUcanTlanWeaWUcalc_%当你学习英语的时候v你也在学习其他的文化和语言。8nWlYcXYca]U]RUb_VdXUInT_-8eb_pUanlanWeaWUVa]Yli%英语是印欧语系的一员。FXYcpaWUlYcdc_dXUb]U]RUbc_VdXYcVa]Yli%这一页列出了这个家庭的其他成员。▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX• 4nad_lYan(UhdYnSd)安纳托利亚(灭绝)• 4b]UnYan• 5ald_-ElafYS(5aldYSanTElafYS)5ald_-ElafYS(波罗的海和斯拉夫语)• 6UldYS凯尔特语• :Ub]anYS日耳曼语• ;UllUnYS(YnSleTYnW:bUU[)希腊(包括希腊)• InT_-4bian(YnSleTYnWInT_-4bian,IbanYan,anTAebYcdanY)印度雅利安• IdalYS(YnSleTYnWD_]anSUlanWeaWUc)• F_SXabYan(UhdYnSd)吐火罗人▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcX英文单词来源▶?anWeaWU6eldebU06XYnUcUanT8nWlYcXFXUpYUSXabdcX_gcdXad]_cd8nWlYcXg_bTcS_]UVb_]dXbUUlanWeaWUWb_epc0饼图显示大多数英语单词来自三个语言组。FXUaR_fUpYUSXabdcX_gcdXad]_cd8nWlYcXg_bTcS_]UVb_]dXbUUlanWeaWUWb_epc0上面的饼图显示大多数英语单词来自三个语言组0?adYn()/)9bUnSX()/):Ub]anYSlanWeaWUc(BlT/MYTTlU8nWlYcX,BlTA_bcU,DedSX)()-)In_dXUbg_bTc,.+_V8nWlYcXg_bTcS_]UVb_]dXUcUdXbUUlanWeaWUWb_epc%zh²µ�84%š©´G±ˆ¨¹"D´¬¡� 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