挪威语常用短语与词汇

1.BasicPhrasesGodmorgenGoodMorningHallo/GoddagHello/GoodDayGodkveldGoodEveningGodnattGoodNightHadetbraGoodbyeHei/HadetHi/ByeVærsåsnillPlease(Tusen)TakkThankyou(verymuch)Ingenårsak/VærsågodDon'tmentionit/You'rewelcomeJa/NeiYes/NoHerr/Fru/FrøkenMister/MissesVelkommen!Welcome!Hvordanhardudet?Howareyou?Hvordangårdet?Howit'sgoing?Bra/DårligGood/BadHvaheterdu?What'syourname?Jegheter...Mynameis...(Iamcalled...)Hyggeligåtreffedeg!Pleasedtomeetyou!Hvorkommerdufra?Whereareyoufrom?Jegerfra...I'mfrom...UnnskyldExcuseme/SorryHvorbordu?Wheredoyoulive?Jegbori...Ilivein...Jegvilgjerneha.../Jegskullegjernehatt...Iwouldlike...Hvorgammelerdu?Howoldareyou?Jeger____år(gammel).Iam____years(old).Jegvet[ikke.]I[don't]know.Snakkerdunorsk?DoyouspeakNorwegian?Jegsnakkerengelsk.IspeakEnglish.SnakklangsomtSpeakslowlysvensk,dansk,fransk,italiensk,spansk,tysk,holländsk,rysk,japanskSwedish,Danish,French,Italian,Spanish,German,Dutch,Russian,JapaneseHvaheter...pånorsk?Howdoyousay...inNorwegian?Forstårdu?Doyouunderstand?Jegforstår[ikke.]I[don't]understand.Værsåsnillågjenta/VennligstgjentaPleaserepeatHvaerdette?Whatisthis?Hvorer...?Whereis...?Hvormyekosterdette?Howmuchdoesthiscost?JegersultenI'mhungryJegertørstI'mthirstyJegertrettI'mtiredJegersykI'msickJegtror[ikke]detI[don't]thinksoKominn/hitComein/hereTaplassHaveaseat.Stans!/Stopp!Stop!Straks!Immediately!/Soon!JeghargåttmegbortI'mlostHjelp!Help!Fare!Danger!Passpå!Watchout!Ventlitt!Waitaminute!Hvorlangterdet?Howfarisit?Detvarsynd.That'stoobad!Velbekomme!Haveagoodmeal!Skål!Cheers!(toast)Lykketil!Goodluck!Jegelskerdeg.Iloveyou.Jegsavnerdeg.Imissyou.2.PronunciationNorwegianletter(s)Englishsounddsilentatendofword;andin-ld,-nd,-rdigeeegayhsilentbeforeconsonants,suchasinhv-j,gj,hjyuh,asinyeskj,tjsh,butsofterandmorepalatalized(asinGerman)sj,skjshslshlki,ky,kei,køysh,butsofterandmorepalatalized(asinGerman)ski,sky,skei,skøyshgi,gy,gei,gøyyuhgothervowelsguhskothervowelssk-egn,-egl,-øgngissilentngnasalized,asinsingerandnotfingeræahasincatøay,butwithlipsroundedåawasinsaw3.Alphabetaahhkkawuoohbbaylelvvaycsaymemwdobbel-vehddaynenxekseayooohyew(lipsrounded)fefppayzsetggayqkooæah(asincat)hhawrairøay(lipsrounded)ieesessåawjyodttay4.Nouns&CasesNounsinNorwegian(Bokmål)havetwogenders,masculineandneuter,whichadjectivesmustagreewithwhenmodifyingnouns.Technicallythereisathirdgender,feminine(whichNynorskretains),butsincefemininenounscanbewrittenasmasculinenouns,I'mincludingfemininenounsinthemasculinecategory.Therearetwoindefinitearticlesthatcorrespondwiththesegenders:enformasculinenounsandetforneuternouns.Inthevocabularylists,anounfollowedby(n)meansthatitisaneuternounandittakestheindefinitearticleet.ThemajorityofnounsinNorwegianaremasculine,sotheytaketheindefinitearticleen.TheonlycaseofnounsthatisusedinNorwegianisthegenitive(showingpossession),anditiseasilyformedbyaddingan-stothenoun.Thisiscomparabletoadding-'sinEnglishtoshowpossession.However,ifthenounalreadyendsin-s,thenyouaddnothing(unlikeEnglishwhereweadd-'or-'s).Olavshus=Olav'shouse5.Articles&DemonstrativesTherearetwoindefinitearticles(correspondingtoaandan):enandet.Enisusedwithmostofthenouns(wordsdenotingpeoplealmostalwaysuseen),butyouwilljusthavetolearnwhicharticlegoeswithwhichnoun.Thedefinitearticle(the)isnotaseparatewordlikeinmostotherlanguages.Itissimplyaformoftheindefinitearticleattachedtotheendofthenoun.Notethatenwordsendinginavowelretainthatvowelandaddan-ninsteadofadding-en.Andetwordsendingin-ejustadd-t.Furthermore,thetofetasanindefinitearticleispronounced;however,thetissilentinthedefinitearticle-etattachedtothenoun.(Forfemininenouns,theindefinitearticleiseiandthedefinitearticlethatisattachedtothenounis-a.Intheory,thisgenderdoesstillexistinBokmål,butinpractice,itisrarelyusedandthefemininenounsareinflectedlikemasculinenouns,i.e.add-eninsteadof-aforthedefiniteform.)ArticlesEnwords(masculine)Etwords(neuter)IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefiniteenfiskafishfiskenthefishetvinduawindowvinduetthewindowenbakerabakerbakerenthebakeretbarnachildbarnetthechildenhageagardenhagenthegardenethusahousehusetthehouseDemonstrativeAdjectivesmasculinedennedressenthissuitdendressenthatsuitneuterdetteskjerfetthisscarfdetskjerfetthatscarfpluraldisseskoenetheseshoesdeskoenethoseshoesNoticethatthenounthatfollowsademonstrativeadjectivemusthavethedefinitearticleattachedtoit.(Thefeminineformofdemonstrativesisidenticaltothemasculine;denneandden.)6.Subject&ObjectPronounsSubject&ObjectPronounsjegImegmeduyou(singular)degyouhanhehamhimhunshehenneherdenit(masc.)denitdetit(neut.)detitmanonemanoneviweossusdereyou(plural)dereyoudetheydemthem7.ToBe&toHaveThepresentandpasttensesofverbsinNorwegianareverysimpletoconjugate.Alltheformsarethesameforeachpersonalpronoun.TheinfinitiveoftheverbtobeinNorwegianisvære,andtheconjugatedpresenttenseformiserandthepasttenseisvar.Theinfinitiveoftheverbtohaveisha,andtheconjugatedpresenttenseformisharandthepasttenseishadde.være-tobeha-tohaveIamjegerIwasjegvarIhavejegharIhadjeghaddeyouaredueryouwereduvaryouhaveduharyouhadduhaddeheishanerhewashanvarhehashanharhehadhanhaddesheishunershewashunvarshehashunharshehadhunhaddeitisdeneritwasdenvarithasdenharithaddenhaddeitisdeteritwasdetvarithasdetharithaddethaddeoneismaneronewasmanvaronehasmanharonehadmanhaddewearevierwewerevivarwehaveviharwehadvihaddeyouaredereeryouwerederevaryouhavedereharyouhadderehaddetheyaredeertheyweredevartheyhavedehartheyhaddehaddeToformthefuturetenseofverbs,justaddskalbeforetheinfinitive.Jegskalvære=Iwillbe;hunskalha=shewillhave;etc.8.UsefulWordssometimesnoenganger/avogtilalreadyalleredealwaysalltidperhapskanskjeneveraldribothbeggeoftenoftesomenoe(n)usuallyvanligvisagainigjennownåbetweenmellomandogalot,manymye/mangebutmenofcourseselvfølgelig/såklartorelleralittlelittveryveldig/sværtnotatallikkeidetheletatt/slettesikke/overhodetikkehereheralmostnestentherederreally?virkelig?withmeditisdetereachotherhverandrethereis/aredetfinnes9.QuestionWordsWhohvemHowhvordanWhathvaHowmuchhvormyeWhyhvorforHowmanyhvormangeWhennårHowlonghvorlengeWherehvorWherefromhvorfraWhichhvilken,hvilket,hvilkeWhatkindofhvaslagsHvilkenisusedwithmasculinenouns,hvilketisusedwithneuternouns,andhvilkeisusedwithpluralnouns.10.Cardinal&OrdinalNumbers0null1en,ett1stførste2to2ndannen,andre3tre3rdtredje4fire4thfjerde5fem5thfemte6seks6thsjette7sju7thsjuende8åtte8thåttende9ni9thniende10ti10thtiende11elleve11thellevte12tolv12thtolvte13tretten13thtrettende14fjorten14thfjortende15femten15thfemtende16seksten16thsekstende17sytten17thsyttende18atten18thattende19nitten19thnittende20tjue20thtjuende21tjueen,tjueett21sttjueførste22tjueto22ndtjueandre30tretti30thtrettiende40førti40thførtiende50femti50thfemtiende60seksti60thsekstiende70sytti70thsyttiende80åtti80thåttiende90nitti90thnittiende100hundre100thhundrede1,000tusen1,000thtusendemillionmillionbillionmilliardtrillionbillion"Sju"canalsobewritten"syv"(slightlymoreformal),and"sjuende"as"syvende"Similarly"tjue"canbe"tyve",butthisdoesseemlesscommonandmoreformal.11.DaysoftheWeekMondaymandagthismorningidagmorgesTuesdaytirsdagtomorrowmorningimorgentidligWednesdayonsdagtomorrowafternoonimorgenformiddagThursdaytorsdagtomorrownightimorgenkveldFridayfredagdayaftertomorrowiovermorgenSaturdaylørdagtonightikveldSundaysøndaglastnightigårkvelddaydagyesterdayigårmorningmorgendaybeforeyesterdayiforgårsafternoonettermiddagweekukeeveningkveldnextweeknestukenightnattweekendhelgtodayidagdailydagligtomorrowimorgenweeklyukentlig12.MonthsoftheYearJanuaryjanuarFebruaryfebruarMarchmarsAprilaprilMaymaiJunejuniJulyjuliAugustaugustSeptemberseptemberOctoberoktoberNovembernovemberDecemberdesembermonthmånedlastmonthforrigemånedmonthlymånedligyearår(n)thisyeariårlastyearifjoryearlyårlig13.SeasonsWintervinterin(the)winteromvinterenSpringvårin(the)springomvårenSummersommerin(the)summeromsommerenFallhøstin(the)fallomhøsten14.DirectionsNorthnordNortheastnordøstSouthsydNorthwestnordvestEastøstSoutheastsydøstWestvestSouthwestsydvesttotherighttilhøyretothelefttilvenstrestraightaheadrettfram/fremFremisslightlymoreformalthanfram.15.Colorsorangeoransjepinkrosapurplelillablueblå,blått,blåyellowgul,gult,guleredrød,rødt,rødeblacksvart,svart,svartebrownbrun,brunt,brunegraygrå,grått,gråwhitehvit,hvitt,hvitegreengrønn,grønt,grønneThefirstthreecolorsdonotchangeaccordingtogenderornumbertoagreewiththenountheymodify.Therestofthecolorsmustagree,however,andtheyarelistedinmasculine,neuterandpluralforms:engrønnkjole-agreendress;etblåtthus-abluehouse;svartesokker-blacksocks16.TimeWhattimeisit?Hvaerklokken?nownåItis2.Klokkenerto.earlytidlig6:20tjueoverseksearliertidligerehalfpast3halvfiresoonsnartquarterpast4kvartoverfirelatesentquarterto5kvartpåfemlatersenere10past11tioverellevein10minutesomtiminutter20to7tjuepåsjuin15minutesometkvarternoonmiddaginahalfhouromenhalvtimemidnightmidnattinanhouromentimeinthemorningommorgenenrightnowakkuratnåintheeveningomkveldenatoncemedengangIt'sexactly...Denernøyaktig...immediatelystraksAbout/around8.omtrentåtteAt8.klokkenåtte17.WeatherHow'sthe weather?Hvordanerværet?Whattemperatureisit?Hvormangegradererdet?It'scoldDeterkaldtIt'sfoggyDetertåkeIt'swarmDetervarmtThefogisliftingTåkenletnerIt'sbeautifulDeterpentIt'ssnowingDetsnørIt'sbadDeterdårligIt'srainingDetregnerIt'sclearingDetlysnerIt'sgoingtostormDetblistormIt'sicyDeteriseteThere'sthunderDettordnerIt'swindyDetblåserThere'slightningDetlynerIt'scloudyDeteroverskyetIt'sfreezing(coldasice)DeteriskaldtIt'shumid/muggyDeterfuktigIt'shailingDethagler18.FamilyParentsforeldreNiecenieseMothermorNephewnevøFatherfarUncleonkelSonsønnAunttanteDaughterdatterBoyguttBrotherbrorGirljente,pikeSistersøsterChild/BabybarnGrandfatherbestefarAdultvoksenGrandmotherbestemorManmannGrandsonbarnebarnWomankvinneGranddaughterbarnebarnFriend(male)vennCousin(male)fetterFriendfemale)venninneCousin(female)kusineSomefamilywordshaveirregularindefiniteplurals:mødre(mothers),fedre(fathers),sønner(sons),døtre(daughters),brødre(brothers),andsøstre(sisters)19.ToKnowPeople&Factskjenne-toknowpeoplevite-toknowfactspresentkjennervetpastkjentevisstefutureskalkjenneskalvite20.FormationofPluralNounsMasculinenounsgenerallyadd-eror-rtotheindefinitesingularnountoformtheindefiniteplural,and-eneor-netoformthedefiniteplural.Thenamesofjobsendingin-eronlyadd-eand-neinthesecases.Neuternounsthataremorethanonesyllableformpluralnounsthesamewayasmasculinenouns.Neuternounsthatareonlyonesyllable,however,addnothingtoformtheindefinitepluralandeither-eneor-atoformthedefiniteplural.SingularIndefinitePluralDefinitePluralenfiskfiskersomefishfiskenethefishesenhagehagersomegardenshagenethegardensenbakerbakeresomebakersbakernethebakersetvinduvinduersomewindowsvinduenethewindowsethushussomehouseshusenethehousesetbarnbarnsomechildrenbarnathechildrenIrregularpluralnounsinNorwegian: