englisharoundtheworldPPT教学课件

Unit2EnglishaLearningaboutlanguageTheRoadtoModernEnglishPara.1ThehistoryofEnglishspreadingallovertheworldAttheendofthe16thcenturyInthe17thcenturynowTimePlace_____________________________________________EnglandEnglandandmanyothercountriesallovertheworldHestayedathome____________rain.Hestayedathome____________itwasrainingheavily.becauseofbecause+名词/-ing形式becauseofbecause+从句becauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.dueto/owingto/thanksto/asaresultof/onaccountofthaneverbefore比以往任何时候更……thaneverbefore副词ever与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气，意为“比以往任何时候更……”。You’llspeakEnglishbetterthaneverbefore.Janelooksmuchprettierthaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakercanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.evenif=eventhough“即使”，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是evenif/though引导的从句不用将来时。Evenifitrainstomorrow,wewillleaveforBeijing.用if,asif,evenif填空（1）_________Ihadmoney,Iwouldn’tbuyit.　(2)_________Ihadmoney,Iwouldbuyit.　(3)Itlooks__________itisgoingtorain.Para.2EvenifIfasifcomeup1.Achildcameuptomeandsaidhello.2.Theskywasdarkblueandclearwhenthemooncameup.3.Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.4.Thegrassisjustbeginningtocomeup.5.Iwillletyouknowifanythingcameup.(太阳/月亮)升起被提出走向，走近，上来(植物）发芽，长出地面发生I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.Para.3-4Q1:WhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Q2:Findoutthecharacteristicsofeachtimeaccordingtothetimeline.AD450-1150AD800-1150bythe1600’sinthe18thcenturybythe19thcenturybasedmoreonGermanlesslikeGerman,morelikeDanishandFrenchShakespeare’stimeAmerican&AustralianEnglishsettledPara.5Q1:WhyisEnglishspokenasasecondlanguageinIndia?Q2:WillChineseEnglishbecomeoneoftheworldEnglishes?IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakers…TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidely.thenumberof“…….的数目“，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Anumberof“许多,大量”,后接复数名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数。（agreatnumberof/alargenumberof/asmallnumberof）Thenumberofhomelesspeoplehasincreased.Anumberofpeoplehavecome.thenumberof…的数目+谓语单数anumberof大量的+谓语复数___________students_____readingthebook._____________studentsreadingthebook______large.AnumberofThenumberofareisThenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were√suchas&forexamplesuchas　用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等,要用thatis或namely.Ihavethreegoodfriends,suchasJohn,JackandTom.forexample:用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首,句中或句尾,通常与所给的例子用逗号隔开.其后的例子可以是从句.HecanspeakfourlanguagessuchasEnglishandFrench.Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaroundtheworld.×suchasforexampleHecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages,___________GermanandFrench.Alotofpeoplehere,___________,John,likeplayingcomputergames.suchasforexample“例如”,一个例子，常用逗号,可加从句“例如，诸如……之类”，几个例子，不用逗号。1.Matchthenewwordsandexpressionswiththeirmeanings1.petrol2.voyage3.gradually4.frequently5.identity6.thelatter7.actually8.fluentwhoorwhatsomebodyorsomethingisawordforgasinBritishEnglish.notsuddeninfactthesecondoftwothingsorpeoplealreadymentionedoftenlongtripbyseaorinspaceabletospeakorwritealanguagewellDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions:ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishas______asa_______Englishspeaker.OnereasonisthatEnglishhasalarge________.ItalsohasdifferentusageindifferentEnglishspeakingcountries.Ifyouuse“flat"insteadof“_________",peopleinAmericawillknowyouhavelearnedBritishEnglish.Ifyouusetheword_________insteadof“lift"inBritain,peoplewillknowyouhavestudiedAmericanEnglish.2.CompletethispassagewiththewordsfromtheWarmingupandReading.nativefluentlyvocabularyapartmentelevator“Willyou__________tomyflat?”askedthespidertothefly.“____________it’ssopleasanttolookdownfromsohigh.______________theclearskyit’spossibletoseeBuildings_________theatresandhotelsbythesea.Sowon’tyouplease____________thischancetolook?”Theflyagreedimmediatelywithoutasecondthought.Butassoonasshewentupwithastepsolightthatday,thespidercaughtandateherandshewasneverseenagain!3.Addthesephrasestotherhymesothatitmakessense.AtpresentcomeupBecauseofsuchasmakeuseofsuchasmakeuseofbecauseofcomeupatpresentAnswerkeyforexercise4:answerBritishAmerican1in/oninon2at/onaton3past/afterpastafter4in/oninon5from/thanfromthan6in/oninon练一练Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereforthreedays.”Hesaidthat____sister_______________threedays.2.Shesaid,”I’llgotheretomorrow.”Shesaidthat________gothere___________.hishadbeenthereforshewouldthenextday3.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”She_____me__________________him_______________.4.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoPeter.Father_____Peter__________________thenight______.askedif/whetherIhadseenthenightbeforeaskedwhenhehadgonebeforetobedDiscoveringusefulstructure---commandandrequestinindirectspeechOpenthewindow.Pleaseopenthewindow.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?Whatisthedifferenceamongthesentences?commandrequestrequestimpolitepoliteverypoliteRequestsandCommandsRequests:Do...,please.Can/Couldyou...?Will/Wouldyou...?Commands:Do…/Don’t...Openthewindow.DirectspeechIndirectspeechMissNitoldmetoopenthewindow.Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?MissNiaskedmetoopenthewindow.toldtoaskedtoDon’topenthewindow.MissNitoldmenottoopenthewindow.notRequestsandCommandsDirectspeechRequests:Do...,please.Can/Couldyou...?Will/Wouldyou...?Commands:Do…/Don’t...IndirectspeechRequests:AaskedBtodosth.notCommands:Atold/orderedBtodosth.notEx.3onP121.Thechildrenaskedtheirteachertosingasongforthem.2.Themothertoldherchildtoturnofftheradio.3.Thedentistaskedhis/herpatienttoopenhis/hermouthsothathe/hercouldseethebadtoothclearly.4.Thesecretaryaskedthewomanonthephonetoholdonforaminute.5.Johnaskedhisclassmateif/whetherhecouldborrowhispen.Johnaskedhisclassmatetolendhimhispen.6.Theteachertoldhisstudenttocomeuptohisoffice.1.if/whether,was2.told,notto3.theyhadvisited,theweekbefore4.told,travels5.told,togo6.had,there7.howshehad8.told,tostop9.whereIhad,those10.nottotell“Writealettertoyourparents.”“Don’tplaygamesintheclassroom.”“CanyoupassonthebooktoTom?”“Willyoupleasenotsmokehere?”Theteachertoldmetowritealetter….Theteacherorderedmenottoplaygames….Theteacheraskedmetopasson…Theteacheraskedmenottosmokethere.Trytodothis:“Itisafineday.Let’sgotothecountryforapicnic.”Petersaidtome.Petersaidthatitwasafinedayandaskedmetogotothecountryforapicnicwithhim.Petertoldmethatitwasafinedayandletusgotothecountryforapicnic. 感叹句直引：主语+动词+“感叹句”间引：主语+动词+陈述句e.g.Hesaid,“whatafinedayitis!”Hesaid,“Howfinethedayis!”Hesaidwhatafinedayitwas.Hesaidhowfinethedaywas.Heexclaimedthatitwasafineday.特别提醒1.间接感叹句的动词应该是cry或exclaim。2.可以仍用what，how等词，语序不变，也可以用that从句，把动词say改为cry，shout，exclaim等。1.HesaidtoTom,“Don’tdotheworkanymore.”HetoldTomnottodotheworkanymore.Practice2.Mrs.Greensaid,“Pleasesingusasong,MissWhite.”3.“Bequiet,children.”saidMrs.Wilson.Mrs.GreenaskedMissWhitetosingthemasong.Mrs.Wilsontoldthechildrentobequiet.4.Allthepeoplecried,“Whatmagnificentclothestheseare!”Allthepeoplecriedwhatmagnificentclothesthesewere.高考链接：Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfail10times.(1993年上海）A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until2.—Idon’thaveanychangewithme.Willyoupaythefareforme?(2000年上海）----________.A.That’sfineB.NothingseriousC.NevermindD.Noproblem3.----DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?----_______.(2000上海）A.I’dratheryoudidn’t,actuallyB.Ofcoursenot,it’snotallowedhereC.Great!IlovepetsD.No,youcan’t4.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.(2003年北京）A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake5.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.(NMET2001)A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedAssignmentTrytoremembertherulesofdirectandindirectspeech.Finishtheexercises2,3and4.Finishexercisesinworkbookinpage49-50.第九章机械与人第一节科学探究:杠杆的平衡条件阿基米德曾经说过：给我一个支点，我可以撬动地球。一.认识杠杆1.什么是杠杆？2、1.有力的作用2.绕固定点转动3.硬棒归纳结论:在力的作用下，能绕某一固定点转动的硬棒，物理学中叫做杠杆.让我想一想?3、在现实生活中，你还能举出哪些杠杆的实例呢？现实生活中的杠杆O支点动力作用线阻力作用线L2支点动力动力臂阻力阻力臂杠杆绕着转动的固定点，用0表示。使杠杆转动的力，用F1表示。从支点到动力作用线的距离，用L1表示。阻碍杠杆转动的力，用F2表示。从支点到阻力作用线的距离，用L2表示。这些概念很重要一“点”——支点O（一定在杠杆上）动力F1二“力”——相对的阻力F2动力臂L1二“臂”——阻力臂L2杠杆五要素什么是力臂？力臂是支点到力的作用线的垂直距离。思考讨论：1、力臂是一定在杠杆上吗？2、杠杆是否都是直的？不一定杠杆可以是直的，也可以是弯的3、如果力的作用线过支点，力臂为多少？力臂为01、什么叫杠杆支点动力动力臂阻力阻力臂3、标画出杠杆的五要素2、杠杆的五要素：F1L1◎oF2L2oF1F2L1L2.画力臂的方法：一找（找准支点）二画（画出力的作用线）三引（引垂线）四标（标垂足---直角符号、标力臂---支点到垂足的距离）二、杠杆的平衡提问：什么是杠杆的平衡？归纳结论：当杠杆在动力和阻力的作用下静止或做匀速转动时，我们说杠杆平衡了。探究实验：用橡皮、小刀、直尺、硬币等物怎样组成杠杆，并使其平衡？实验探究：杠杆的平衡条件1、提出问题：杠杆平衡时，动力、动力臂、阻力、阻力臂之间存在着怎样的关系？2、猜想与假设：假设一：假设二：假设三：假设四：F1+L1=F2+L2F1–L1=F2–L2F1/L1=F2/L2F1·L1=F2·L2F1F2o思考与讨论★杠杆两端装置两只可调节的螺母，能起什么作用?★作用是调节杠杆自身的平衡※为什么要求杠杆静止时，在水平位置呢?※因为这样力臂的数值在杠杆上就能直接读出或量出。★杠杆调平的方法是什么？★“左高左调、右高右调”进行实验与收集证据请同学们开始实验实验次数F1/NL1/cmF2/NL2/cm123提问:你的实验结论与你的假设一致吗?你的结论是什么?杠杆的平衡条件是：动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂公式表示为：F1·L1=F2·L2这就是阿基米德发现的杠杆原理。条件：杠杆已平衡（如图）1、两端去掉相同质量的钩码，杠杆平衡吗？2、将两端钩码向支点移同样的距离，杠杆平衡吗？如何用弹簧测力计将下面的杠杆调平1.学习了杠杆、支点、动力、阻力、动力臂、阻力臂等概念.2.探究了杠杆的平衡条件是动力动力臂=阻力阻力臂公式表示为:F1l1=F2l21.两个力作用在杠杆两端使杠杆平衡,则()A.这两个力的大小必须相等B.这两个力的力臂长必须相等C.力臂较长的那个力比较大D.力臂较长的那个力比较小D2、画出图中作用在A点最小的力的方向。FABAOBCF2F1如图所示，用撬棒撬石头，手握在撬棒的末端B端，其中AO＝0.1m，AB＝1m，OC＝0.7m，要撬起重为1400N的石头，需要在B端竖直向下用多少N的力才能撬起石头？3、计算题你做对了吗？已知：L2=A0=0.1mL1=0C=0.7mF2=G=1400N解：由杠杆平衡条件：F1L1=F2L2可得：答：需要在B端竖直向下用200N的力才能撬起石头。求：F1=?作业:P169.第1、2、3题