EN 349-1993 机械安全 避免挤压人体各部分的最小间隙（可编辑）

EN 349-1993 机械安全 避免挤压人体各部分的最小间隙（可编辑） EN 349-1993 机械安全 避免挤压人体各部分的最小间 隙 EUROPEAN STANDARD EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 349 NORME EUROP?ENNE NORME EUROP?ENNE April 1993 EUROP?ISCHE NORM EUROP?ISCHE NORM UDC 614.8:331.456:62-783.61 Descriptors: Safety of machines, accident prevention, hazards, human body, distance, minimum value English version Safety of machinery ? Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body Sécurité des machines ? Ecartements Sicherheit von Maschinen ? Mindestabst?nde minimaux pour prévenir les risques zur Vermeidung des Quetschens von d’écrasement de parties du corps humain K?rperteilen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1993-04-02. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions English, French, German. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europ?isches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 349:1993 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIEN 349:1993 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery”, WG 2 “Safety distances”. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Commission of the European Communities and the Secretariat of the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EC Directives. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1993. In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BSI 10-1998 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIEN 349:1993 0 Introduction 3 Definitions According to EN 292-1, in general machinery is said For the purposes of this standard the following to be safe if it can perform its function, be definition applies in addition to the definitions given transported, installed, adjusted, maintained, in EN 292-1 and EN 294: dismantled and disposed of under the conditions of crushing zone its intended use without causing injury or damaging zone in which the human body or parts of the human human health. body are exposed to a crushing hazard. This hazard One method of avoiding the hazard of crushing of will be generated if parts of the human body is to make use of the ? two movable parts are moving towards one minimum gaps in this standard. another; In specifying minimum gaps a number of aspects ? one movable part is moving towards a fixed have to be taken into consideration, such as part; ? accessibility of the crushing zones; see also annex A ? anthropometric data, taking into account ethnic groups likely to be found in European 4 Minimum gaps countries; 4.1 Methodology for the use of this European ? technical and practical aspects. Standard If these aspects are further developed the current The method of using this European Standard shall state of the art, reflected in this European Standard, form part of the iterative safety strategy outlined in could be improved. clause 5 “Strategy for selecting safety measures” of EN 292-1. 1 Scope The user of this European Standard shall: The object of this European Standard is to enable a Identify the crushing hazards. the user e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It b Assess the risks from these hazards in specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the accordance with EN 292-1 paying particular human body and is applicable when adequate safety attention to the following. can be achieved by this method. ? Where it is foreseeable that the risk from a This European Standard is applicable to risks from crushing hazard involves different parts of the crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other body, the minimum gap in Table 1 relating to possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in. the largest of these parts shall be applied see also d. NOTE For, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in hazards additional or other measures need to be taken. ? The unpredictable behaviour of children and their body dimensions if children are 2 Normative references included in the population at risk. This European Standard incorporates by dated or ? Whether parts of the body could enter the undated reference, provisions from other crushing zone in a configuration other than publications. These normative references are cited those indicated in Table 1. at the appropriate places in the text and the ? Whether thick or bulky clothing publications are listed hereafter. For dated e.g. protection clothing for extreme references, subsequent amendments to or revisions temperatures or tools have to be taken into of any of these publications apply to this European account. Standard only when incorporated in it by ? Whether machinery will be used by persons amendment or revision. For undated references the wearing thick soled footwear e.g. clogs which latest edition of the publication referred to applies. will increase the effective dimension of the EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery ? Basic foot. concepts, general principles for design ? c Select from Table 1 the appropriate minimum Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. gap relating to the body part at risk EN 292-2, Safety of machinery ? Basic concepts, see also annex A. general principles for design ? Part 2: Technical d If adequate safety cannot be achieved by the principles and specifications. minimum gaps selected from Table 1, other or EN 294, Safety of machinery ? Safety distances to additional measures and/or means shall be used prevent danger zones being reached by the upper see e.g. EN 292-1, EN 292-2 and EN 294. limbs. 3BSI 10-1998 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIEN 349:1993 Table 1 If the minimum gap for the largest expected body part cannot be achieved, the following example Dimensions in millimetres gives one particular means or restricting access Part of body Mini- Illustration mum gap to smaller body parts. a Example: Body 500 Access of larger body parts to the crushing zone can be prevented by the use of protective structures having a restricted opening, as indicated in Figure 1. The possibility of access to a crushing zone for a particular part of the body is dependent on the Head least 300 following: favourable ? the gap a between the fixed and moving part position or between two moving parts; ? the depth b of the crushing zone; ? the dimensions c of the opening in the Leg 180 protective structure and its distances d from the crushing zone. NOTE The dimensions for openings in relation to safety distances can be found in EN 294. Foot 120 Toes 50 Arm 120 Hand 100 Figure 1 Wrist Fist e For certain applications there may be justifiable reasons to deviate from the minimum gaps in Table 1. Standards dealing with these applications shall indicate how an adequate safety can be reached. 4.2 Values Finger 25 Table 1 gives values for minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body. For the selection of the appropriate minimum gap see 4.1 BSI 10-1998 4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIEN 349:1993 Annex A informative Illustration of crushing zones The indicated crushing zones and the parts of the human body considered are examples only. For the application of risk assessment see 4.1. Figure A.1 5BSI 10-1998 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIblank 6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSIBS EN 349:1993 National annex NA informative Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee MCE/- to Technical Committee MCE/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute Agricultural Engineers Association British Cable Makers Confederation British Compressed Air Society British Federation of Printing Machinery and Supplies Ltd. British Rubber Manufacturers’ Association Ltd. British Textile Machinery Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Consumers’ Association Department of Trade and Industry Engineering Employers’ Federation Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association Federation of Bakers Health and Safety Executive Institute of Materials Management Institution of Occupational Safety and Health Loss Prevention Council METCOM Machine Tool Technologies Association Machinery Safety Equipment Manufacturers’ Association Society of Laundry Engineers and Allied Trades Limited Trades Union Congress National annex NB informative Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard EN 292-1:1991 BS EN 292 Safety of machinery ? Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology EN 292-2:1991 Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications EN 294:1992 BS EN 294:1992 Safety of machinery ? Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbsBSI 10-1998 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Oct 26 02:27:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI