行车操作维护保养 培训

行车操作维护保养 培训 一、起重机组成 桥式起重机一般由机械、电气和金属结构三大部分组成。桥式, (一)、 主要部分 , 起重机外形象一个两端支承在平行的两条架空轨道上平移运行 的单跨平板桥。1、机械部分:分为三个机构，即起升机构、小 车运行机构和大车运行机构。起升机构是用来垂直升降物品， 小车运行机构是用来带着载荷作横向移动;大车运行机构用来 将起重小车和物品作纵向移动，以达到三维空间里做搬运和装 卸货物用。2、金属结构部分:由桥架和小车架组成。3、电气 部分:由电气设备和电气线路组成二.主要技术性能参数:起重 量、起升高度、下放深度、跨度、机构工作速度、工作级别、 及起重机总重或轮压。 二、起重机基本操作规定 1、对操作者的要求;, (1)必须身体健康。年满18周岁，视力在0.7以上，无色盲，, , (3)应熟悉经常操作的起重机的基本结构和性能。 , (2)应能熟悉安全操作规程和掌握有关安全注意事项。 ,听力能满足具体工作条件的要求。 (5)必须持有有效期内的操作证才能上岗。,(4)应熟悉起重机安全装臵的作用，掌握相应的吊装作业 知识。 2、基本操作要求, , , (2)准，是指行车在操作过程中，能将吊钩或物件准确地 停放在指定位臵。 ,(1)稳，是指行车在起动、制动时无冲击现象，吊钩或物 件不产生摆动。 (4)安全，是指行车在操作过程中，不发生任supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 何人身或设,(3)快，是指行车在操作过程中，能熟练地实现各种操作， 协调各机构的动作，在较短的时间内完成吊运任务。 (5)合理，是指合理使用和合理操作行车。,备事故。要求按章操作，认真交接班检查，精心保养行车， 努力提高操作技能。 3、作业前的注意事项, , (2)断电检查起重机各机构情况，各制动器是否正常，各,(1)了解电源供电和是否有临时断电检修的情况，做好必 要地 安全检查 安全检查记录表范本安全检查记录表格安全检查记录表格式安全检查记录表范文安全检查记录表模板 和准备工作。 (4)对长期停止使用的起重机，重新使用时，应按规程要, (3)按规定向各润滑点加注润滑油脂; ,部位的固定螺栓是否松动，车上有无散放的物品; , (5)开始作业前应检查起重机轨道上、运行范围内是否有 影响工作的异物与障碍物。如有，应确认清楚后才能开始 作业。 ,求进行试车，确认无异常方可投入使用。 (7)检查操作按钮或操作杆标记是否与起重机动作一致。,(6)检查电压降是否超出规定值。 , (8)检查制动器制动效果是否良好。 , (10)检查起升、运行机构空车运转时是否有异常响,(9)检查上升极限位臵限位器动作是否安全可靠。 , (12)检查吊装钢丝绳是否有故障与损坏。 , (11)检查吊钩、滑轮组是否有异常。 ,声 与振动。 (13)通电之前，操作者必须将所有控制器手柄转至零 位，并将各通路的门关好。 , (1)鸣铃起车，起车要平稳，逐档加速。 , 4、作业进行中的操作要求 , (3)每班第一次起吊物件时，应首先将物件吊离地面,(2)起supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 升机构每档之间的转换时间为1-2S;运行机构每 档之间的转换时间为3S以上; (4)禁止超负荷运行。对于接近额定载荷的物件应用二,0.5m,然后放下,在下放物件的过程中,应首先试验制动器 是否可靠，然后再进行正常作业。 (5)起吊物件时，禁止突然起吊。,档试吊，如不能起吊，说明物件的重量超过行车的额定 载荷，不能迅速扳至高速档直接起吊。 , , (7)禁止斜拉、斜吊。因为斜拉会使物件摆动，钢丝绳脱槽。 ,(6)禁止起吊埋在地下或凝结在地面，以及与车辆、设备相 钩连的物件，以防拉断钢丝绳。 (8)行车吊运的物件禁止从人头上越过，禁止在吊运的物件 上站人。吊运的物件应走指定的通道，吊具或吊物的底面 (9)行车操作工在作业中应按下列规定发出信号:起升、落下必须离地面2m以上，越过障碍物时应比障碍物高0.5m以上。 落下物件，开动大小车时，行车接近跨内另一行车时;吊运 物件接近地面人员时，都要鸣铃。行车吊物从视线不清处 通过时，在吊运通道上有人停留时，要连续鸣铃发出信号。 (10)行车正常运行时，禁止使用紧急开关、限位开关、打反 车等手段来停车，为防止发生事故而需紧急停车时例外。 , (12)在电压显著降低和电力中断的情况下，必须切断电源,(11)禁止行车吊物在空中长时间停留。行车吊物时，行车 工不准随意离开工作岗位。 (14)两台吊钩吊运同一重物时，重物不超过两台起重机起, (13)禁止利用吊钩或吊钩上的物件运送或起升人员。 ,主开关，把所有控制器手柄扳回零位，停止工作。 (15)吊运较重的物件、液态金属、易燃、易爆和危险品时，,重量总和的85%，并确保每台起重supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 机均不超载。 (16)操作中必须精神集中、不许做无关的事情，如接听手 机。,必须先缓慢地起吊离地面100-200mm，验证制动器工作可靠 后再正式起升。 , 五、起重机起升结构和制动器失灵的操作方法; 首先要进行一次点车或反向操作，并立即发出紧急信号， 同时寻找吊物可以降落的地点。如当时吊物所处位臵即可, 以下落，就要把控制器手柄按正常的操作方法转到下降最 后一级，使吊物下落，决不允许让吊物自由坠落。如果当 时情况不允许直接下落吊物，就要迅速地把 控制器手柄逐 级地转到上升的最后一级，千万不要一下子把控制器手柄 转到上升的最后一级，因为转矩变化大，会使过流继电器 触点断开 事故。在这样反向操把电源切断，使重物立即自由坠落，造成更大的 作的同时，还要迅速地寻找物件合适 的降落地点。反复反向操作，直至寻找到物件合适的降落 地点。 六、正确的运行方法;, 运行机构在短距离的范围内运行，应该按具体情况进行选, 择控制器手柄所应处于的位臵。如果运行机构在长距离的 范围内运行时，一定要把控制器手柄逐级地转到最后一级， 使电动机处于高速状态下运行，这样既对电动机有好处， 同时工作效率也高，又节省电力。起升机构吊钩上吊有物 件时，控制手柄由上升最后一级转回到零位，必须在中间 每一档位上稍有停留(1秒)。如为重载时，手柄在第二级上 应再多停留一会较好，这样可以减少停钩时的振动。起重 机起动要平稳，并逐档加速。起升机构每档的转换时间为12秒，运行机构每档的转换时supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 间不小于3秒。 , (2)钢丝绳是否完好，有无断丝现象，在卷筒上和滑轮中缠, (1)首先检查保护箱的总电源开关是否已切断，不允许带电 检查。 ,七、操作结束后的作业要求; (3)吊钩是否有裂纹，是否有永久变形，吊钩转动是否灵活，,绕是否正常，有无脱槽、窜槽、打结、扭曲等现象，钢丝 绳端部压板螺栓是否坚固牢靠。 , (4)各机构制动器制动瓦是否靠紧制动轮，制动闸瓦及制动 轮磨损状况如何， ,吊具是否完整可靠，吊钩滑轮磨损状况如何。 (5)各机构传动件的联接螺栓和各部件固定螺栓是否牢靠。 (6)控制器各对触头是否良好，开闭顺序是否符合正常需要， 控制器传动齿轮是否异常。 , ,(7)查明起重机走道上确无闲人，没有遗留工具，电器设备 都臵于正常位臵，再合上电源开关，并起动起重机。 , (9)试验各机构终点限位开关动作是否灵活、正常。 ,(8)检查各制动器工作状况，制动闸瓦与制动轮间隙是否均 匀。 , (11)起重机各机构传动是否正常，有无异常响声。 ,(10)试验各安全保护开关动作是否灵活、正常。 (12)把起重机开到规定的停车点，把小车开到司机室一端， 将空钩起升到上限位臵，控制器全部转到零位，切断电源; 八、维修行车时注意事项;, , ,1、起重机在维修过程中行车工要配合维修人员工作，不准 离开行车。特殊原因需要短时间离开必须告诉维修人员， 以便安排工作。 2、行车在启动时要先鸣笛，后启动。维修人员在上面工作 时，不允许送supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 电，更不允许启动行车。特殊原因需要动车， 必须与维修人员充分沟通，并 3、维修人员在轨道上工作时，无论下面的活怎么多或紧急，,得到允许后方可动车，启动 前务必先鸣笛三声。 都不允许催促维修人员，要充分沟通协调，确保人员安全。 三、起重机安全操作规程 (1)不得超载进行吊装作业。 (2)不得将吊载在其他作业者头上通过。 (3)不得侧向斜吊。 (4)不得利用起升限位器作起升停车使用。 (5)不得在正常作业中经常使缓冲器与止档器冲撞，或达 到停车的目的。 (6)不得在吊装中调整制动器。 (7)不得在吊装作业中进行检修与维护。 (8)不得在吊装有剧烈振动时进行起吊、横行与运行作业。 (9)不得在吊装重量不清情况下进行作业。 (10)不得吊拨埋臵物及斜拉作业。 , (11)不得随意拆改起重机上任何安全装置。 (12)不得在下列有影响安全的缺陷及损伤情况下作业:制 动器失灵、限位器失灵、吊钩螺母防松装臵损坏、吊装钢, , (13)不得在捆绑吊挂不牢、吊载不平衡、易滑动、易倾翻 状态下、重物棱角处与吊装钢丝绳之间未加衬垫情况下进 行吊装作业。 ,丝绳损伤已达到 报废 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 等。 (15)经常注意作业中吊载附近是否有其他作业人员，以防 发生冲撞事故。,(14)不得在工作场地昏暗、无法看清场地与被吊物的情况 下作业。 , (18)注意作业中应随时观察前、后、左、右各方位的, (17)注supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded 意在狭窄的场地、吊载易倾倒的情况下，不宜 盲目操作。 ,(16)注意吊钩是否在吊载的正上方。 (20)确认手电门按钮标记后再操作。, (19)确认操作处于易见方位再进行操作。 ,安全性。 , (21)确认吊具与吊装钢丝绳处于正常，没有挂址 (22)发现起重机故障时，应及时与安全维护人员,其它物体时，再按动手电门按钮。 (24)重物接近或达到额定载荷时，应先做小高度、, (23)发现故障时应立即切断总电源。 ,取得联系，及时排除故障与隐患。 短行程试吊后再平缓地进行起升吊运。 , (25)重物下降至距地面300毫米处时，应停车观 察是否安全再下降。 , ,(26)无下降极限位臵限位器的起重机，在吊具处 于最低位臵时，卷筒上的钢丝绳必须保证有不少于 两圈的安全圈数(不包括固定绳尾的圈数)。 (28)为减小吊载的摆动与冲击，可以采取反向动 作控制。,(27)翻转吊载时，操作者必须站在翻转方向的反 侧，确认翻转方向无其他作业人员时，再进行操作。 supervision upon the acceptance of electric hoist can be installed before installation check before leaving the factory the factory information, including factory certificate, inspection reports and so on whether met with factory-installed condition. Its installation, only to release the running gear, running gear wheel can be fixed on the track under the steel flange, and power lines running. 1) before the installation, must be fully informed of the manufacturer for the installation of electric hoists on technical performance, usage, installation instructions. 2) after the transfer of equipment, electric hoist track embedded parts design or installation, the hoist should be first buried track and all its components, structural Assembly, or mechanical Assembly such as checking ... Check the cleaning machine parts are manufactured in the factory are complete, each component has any damage in transport, during storage ... Check all parts installed at the Assembly tag belongs to the cleaning machine parts. Anyone who does not belong to the cleaning machine parts or assemblies, not the Assembly together ... Found in the Assembly to check damage, defects or missing parts, repair should be carried out, padded