倒装（全部倒装和部分倒装）

倒装（全部倒装和部分倒装） 倒装(全部倒装和部分倒装) 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或者一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。 在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装。 若只将助动词、情态动词或连系动词be等谓语的一部分放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。 Part 1: 全部倒装 (1) there be句型。 在此句型中，there是引导词，动词be后才是真正的主语。其中be可换为appear, enter, come, exist, happen, lie, live, remain, seem, stand等动词。 There be +主语+其他 正装:No schools or hospitals were there before. 倒装:____________________________________________ 正装:Some serious problems exist in the management of the company. 倒装:________________________________________________________ 正装:An event happened last week. 倒装:_______________________________________ (2) 在表示方向、时间、地点的副词或某些表示地点的介词词组开头的句子里，如:副词here, there, now, then, in, out, away, up, off, down, back, over, in front of等，谓语动词是be，come, follow, go, begin等，且主语是名词时，句子全部倒装，以示强调。 公式:表示方向、时间、地点的副词/表示地点的介词词组+谓语+主语 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. 正装:__________________________ The children rushed out the moment the bell rang. 倒装:__________________________ the moment the bell rang. The chairman came then. 倒装:____________________________ A small garden was in front of the house. 倒装:_________________________________________ A big steel factory lies south of the city. 倒装:______________________________________ 注意:主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。 Here he comes. (3)表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语(现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语)+连系动词+主语” Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism. Rows of fruit trees were on the either side of the road. 倒装:_________________________________________________ 1 The leaders of the school are sitting in the front. 倒装:________________________________________________ The leaders of the school are seated in the front 倒装:____________________________________________________ Wild flowers are growing all over the mountain 倒装:________________________________________________ 20 patients were outside the doctor’s clinic. 倒装:______________________________________________ Experts from Europe were present at the meeting. 倒装:_______________________________________________ (4)such 作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此” Such were his words.= Such was what he said. Part 2: 部分倒装 (1) Only+状语位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 公式:Only+状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)+助动词/情态动词/be/have+主语 Only then _____________________________.(他才意识到错误)(realize) Only when they returned ________________________.(我才知道发生了什么)(happen) Only in this way ___________________________.(我们才能学好英语)(learn) Only when the war was over in 1945 ________________________.(他才得以回去工作)(able) (2) 副词so位于句首，表示前面所述的情况也适用于另一个人或物。 neither/nor位于句首，表示前面所述的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 公式:so +助动词/情态动词/be动词/have +主语 “也……” (肯定) neither/nor +助动词/情态动词/be动词/have +主语 “也不……”(否定) My sister enjoys traveling. ________________.(我也喜欢) I don’t know and ____________________. (我也不喜欢) I don’t want to know him, ____________________________anything about him.(也不想了解他的任何情况)(learn) 注意:当so表示“是的，确实如此”;其引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，主谓不倒装。 ---- Betty is a good girl. ---- Yes, so she is.(的确如此) (3) 表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom, little, not, scarcely, rarely及含有否定 词的短语at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way等置于句首。 公式:表否定意义的副词/短语(位于句首)+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他 By no means will I agree to help them. In my life I have never learned nor seen such a thing. = ______________________________________________. 2 He knew little who the woman was. =__________________________________________ He was seldom late for class. = ____________________________________ 注意:几个否定词提前的特殊句型: 1. not only…..but also……连接两个并列分句时，将not only提前，前一个分句采用部分倒 装，后一个分句不倒装。 I not only know her, but (also) I’m her good friend. = _______________________________________________ 2. no sooner…than…, hardly….when…句型中，将no sooner，hardly放在句首，后面的从 句不倒装，前面的主句倒装。 I had hardly reached the station when the train left. = _________________________________________________ She had no sooner gone out than the phone rang. =___________________________________________________ 3. not until……句型中前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句用部分倒装。 not……until…倒装三步骤: 1. 将not放在句首。 2. 将until-内容原封不动地放在not之后 3. 将主句中的助动词/情态动词/be动词放在主语之前。 The child didn’t fall asleep until the mother left the room. 倒装:_______________________________________________ 4. neither…nor…连接句子时，两个并列分句都要倒装。 Neither do I know about him, nor do I care. (4) So/such开头的倒装。 使用so/such….that….结构，so+形容词/副词或such+名词部分放在句首时，主句部分倒 装。 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。 so+adj. / adv.+助动词/情态动词/be+主语…+ that…. 如: The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home. = _______________________________________________ They ate so much that they could not move for the next hour. =___________________________________________________ He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. =_________________________________________________________ Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. = __________________________________________________________ The attack was so sudden that we had no time to escape. =_____________________________________________________ 3 类似地, 当such…that…结构的such+n置于句首时,主句也要使用部分倒装. Such+名词+助动词/情态动词/be+主语…+ that…. He seemed such a nice man that we all believe him. = __________________________________________________ (5)当as的含义为”尽管，引导让步状语从句时，句子用倒装。 1.n./adj.+as+主语+系动词 (注意:名词前用零冠词) Man as he was, he behaved like a woman. Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. 2.adv. +as+ 主语+ 实义动词 Much as I admire her, I can’t excuse her faults. 3.动词原形+as+主语+ 情态动词/助动词 Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。 Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。 Practice: _______________, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。 _______________, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。 _______________, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 _________________(虽然他年轻), he knows much. _______________(尽管他是个孩子), he knows he should share his parents’ worries and joys. _______________(尽管我很喜欢他), I admit he has many shortcomings. _______________(尽管他们失败了), they would try again. (6) 在often, always once, many a time, now and then, every other day, every two hours等表示频率的副词位于句首的句子里，也用倒装结构。 Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. (7) 在if虚拟条件句中含有should, had或were时， 可省掉if，句子部分倒装，将should, had或were提到主语之前。 If I were you, I would do the work. = ___________, I would do the work. If it should rain, what would we do? =______________, what would we do? If you had helped me, I wouldn’t have failed. = __________________, I wouldn’t have failed. 4