淮河流域中游湿地景观格局指数变化分析_英文_

淮河流域中游湿地景观格局指数变化 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 _英文_ Changesof WetlandLandscapeatternIndexeinPsthe Middle Reaches of the Huaihe Valley in ChinaHU Wei wei- Department of Tourism Management，Hanshan Normal University，Chaozhou，Guangdong 521041，China Abstract Relief map of the middle reaches of the Huaihe Valley in 1950s，remote sensing images of 1980 and 2000 are utilized to abstract andinterpret land use maps of the study area in different periods and also the distribution map of different wetland types on the basis of secondary classi-fication of wetland, Landscape index analysis is applied to analyze and evaluate ecological changes of wetland landscapes in the middle reaches ofthe Huaihe Valley, The analysis results show that landscape pattern indexes change greatly from 1950s to 1980，but change slightly since 1980,Such a trend demonstrates that wetland landscapes in the study area change from " diversified and complicate" to " unitary and fragmented" ， As one of the three major ecosystems on the earthHonghe River to the Hongze Lake is the middle reaches，and( wetland，forest and ocean) ，wetland is endowed with multiplethe rest is the lower reaches, The middle reaches of the ecological service functions，such as regulating and Huaihe controllingRiver is taken as a study area as Fig, 1 shows ( within flood，climate and pollution，reducing soil the erosion，beautifyingsquare of dotted line) , In the study area，there are numerousenvironment，maintaining biodiversity and providing rivers and lakes in diversified forms suffering from the biologicalmost,1: productivity, The Huaihe Valley consists of complicated serious flood，drought and pollution，as well as human waterinterven- systems and numerous lakes，contains a total wetland areations in the whole valley, With tremendous water storage 2 about 3, 330，2 million hm，covering spaces， lakes，rivers，shallows，it has always been a region of regulating and storing flood and constructedwetlands( reservoirs， ponds， paddyfrom,2 , 3:fields ) , Flood flowing， storage and detention the upper reaches，playing a significant role in reducing basin onflood flood plains along the trunk stream of the Huaihe River is peak and maintaining the security of river embankment, Thisalso astudy is to analyze changes of wetland landscapes in the part of flood wetlands, The Huaihe Valley is an important agricultural base of China， agricultural population covers 86, 1% of the local total，and its people have struggled with drought and flood since the ancient,4:times, A great number of water conservancy projects have been built in the Huaihe Valley，the whole valley is seriously Received: May 24，2011Accepted: August 8，2011 Supported by National Basic Research Program of China: " CouplingFig, 1 Location map of the study areaMechanism of Aquatic Eco-process and Pattern of Wetland System" ( 2006CB403301) ; and Doctoral Initiation Project of Hanshan Normal University: " Study on Evolution of Wetland Landscape Pattern in theStudy method1Middle Reaches of the Huaihe Valley" ,Land use data of the study area in 1950s，1980 and 2000E-mail: hz_f97@126, com, scape distribution in different periods are called in taken for comparative analyi,is ss Fragstat3, 3，1, 1Data acquisitionData sources of wetland landscape relevant parameter files are etand needed landscape indexess，information in the study area mainly include remote sensing images and topographical maps, Land use maps in 1980 and2Change analysis of wetlandlandscape2000 are obtained by interpreting TM satellite remote sensingpattern indexes in the middle reaches of images in the same season，in this way，errors caused by theveg- Huaihe Riveretation coverage are largely reduced，providing unified tands-This study is to analyze landscape pattern index changesards for the interpretation, As for periods without remote of wetlando besides the overall analysis of wetland ，senss- land-ing imagetopographical maps are used as s， scape pattern indexes in the middle reaches of the Huaihe ubtituteinclusss，- Riverding 20 topographical maps of the study area in according to primary land use classification，secondary 1950s classifi-( 1? 100，000) ，version numbers of these maps are respectively cation of wetland is also needed，and then changes of 9-50-89，9-50-100 , 9-50-105，9-50-112 , 9-50-117，9-50- wetland124 , landscape pattern indexes are analyzed on the basis of 9-50-128，9-50-137 , 9-50-138, second-1, 2 Landscape pattern index analysisLandscape pattern2, 1, 1Landscape pattern index analysis of the landscapeindexes are quantitative indexes capable of highly mosaics, Landscape pattern indexes of landscape mosaics inconcentratingthe middle reaches of the Huaihe River during 3 study periodslandscape pattern information， demonstrating structures andare analyzed ( Table 1 ) , Landscape pattern maintains spatial composition characteristics of the landscape ,5:tablespattern,from 1980 to 2000，so landscape pattern indexes change In the analysis of landscape pattern changes，spatial slightly，featuresbut they change drastically from 1950s to 1980, LPI in 1950s and time courses and landscapes are combined， it is isathe highest in the whole study period，while NP，PD，SHDI andfrequently-adopted means to use landscape pattern indexes forSHEI is the lowest，it proves that area distribution of quantitative description which can be implemented from 3landscapelevels: patch-level index，patch type-level index and patch types in the whole landscape mosaics are un-even, Highlandscape-LPI and CONTAG demonstrate the dominant status of dry land，level index, Patch-level index includes a series of simple it accounts for 83, 81% of the total area，and as a base inde-land-xes such as area，shape，edge features of individual patch，scape type， showing good connectivity among landscapes,and its distance from other patches，it is the foundation of However，its CONTAG is only 78, 907，that is to say，its dryland-land landscapes are not well connected，and such a fact scape indexes of other levels， but of insignificant alsovalue toshows unconformity with its dominant area ratio, In ,6:understand the whole landscape structure, Therefore，patch- Pattern indexes of landscape mosaics based on thelevel index is not considered in this study, At the level of Table 1 primary land use classificationpatch type，one type always contains many patches，and it is DurationNPPDLPI CONTAG COHESIONSHDISHEIAI signifi-1950s 15 1730, 473 26, 571 78, 90799, 9380, 6660, 372 98, 272 cant to calculate its relevant statistical properties, 198031 8190, 992 21, 405 64, 02999, 9071, 2290, 632 96, 603 2000311340, 9721, 22563, 83699, 9061, 2350, 63596, 585 Moreover， landscape diversity index and contagion index at the Landscape types change drastically between 1950s andlandscape 1980，a great number of dry land is transferred to paddy level are excellent measurements of landscape heterogeneity, fieldsFragstats is used to calculate landscape pattern indexes and human settlements，and its area ratio declines to 54, 26%of of the total，but it remains as the largest landscape type, the study area, The software package is able to calculate Areamore type cover an area ratio of 53, 29% 24, 16% and 13. 30%I shows conitencybecaue I of landscape mosaics iss，LPss，sLPseparately, As a plenty of dry land is transferred to other that of dry land，and dry land has no secondary landclassification, uses， quantity of landscape patch type rises and HI becomes lower HIN and AI maintain tableSE，COESOs，it isshowing its internal rationality, CONTAG of the 3 demonstrated as the drastic increase of NP，PD，SHDI andperiods HI ( almot all of them double) that is to increases correspondingly，showing higher landscape connecSEs，-say，landscapetivity based on the secondary wetland fragmentation is aggravated，evenness is improved as well asclassification，because landscape diversity and heterogeneitybut landscape integritymajor wetland rivers and lakes are well connected,，LandurationNPD LIHINLITAIDPPCOESOSPdecline, I and CONTAG decrease to 21, 405 and 64, 029 insLPtype1980，21, 225 and 63, 836 in 2000，implying that landscape1，080, 266Paddy1950s2180, 007 2, 90299, 82398, 317fragmentation is aggravated as dry land is gradually 19803540, 011 13, 17599, 95148, 80897, 404field transferred99, 95048, 87497, 42420003430, 011 13, 177 99, 7751，389, 66993, 247Wetland 1950s 4，6230, 1442, 507to other landscape types，dominance and landscape connectivity99, 7123，114, 70396, 0771980 1，5890, 051, 462of dry land is weakened, COHESION and AI decline slightly99, 7113，111, 74696, 0622000 1，6040, 051, 463and remain high，so landscape connectivity and aggregation of the study area is high,Table 3 Pattern indexes of wetland landscape mosaics based on2, 1, 2Landscape pattern index analysis of individual wetlandthe secondary wetland classificationlandscape elements, Only landscape pattern index changes of DurationNPPDLPICONTAGCOHESIONSHDISHEIAI natural wetland and paddy field ( constructed wetland ) 1950s15 4480, 482 26, 571 82, 05099, 9340, 7330, 318 98, 252are198032 0450, 999 21, 405 67, 94999, 9051, 3010, 565 96, 578analyzed in this study, Table 2 shows NP and PD increase of200031 3630, 978 21, 225 67, 78299, 9041, 3080, 568 96, 560paddy field landscapes during the study period，but PD is not2, 2, 2 Pattern index analysis of individual wetland high，that is to say，landscape fragmentation rises but remainsland-at a low level, As more and more paddy fields are scapes, Table 4 shows that PD of individual wetland reclaimed，land-area of paddy field landscapes rises，LPI increases scapes is low in 3 periods，showing all wetland landscapesgreatly，have higher integrity and lower fragmentation，it is also SPLIT decreases greatly，it means that quantity of paddy thefieldcommon feature of wetland landscapes, Moreover，LPI in allpatches increases，but most of them are large patches，andperiods is low，that is to say，dominance of large some small patches are merged into large ones，ratio of largewetlandpatches rises，dominance degree is enhanced, COHESIONpatches in the study area is low,increases slightly，AI declines，paddy field landscape During 1950s and 1980，NP and SPLT of lakes declineconnec-greatly and PD also decreases correspondingly，but their tivity increases，CONTAG declines，but the overall level val-main-ues are low，showing that as a great number of small lakes tains high ( above 97,) dis-Different from other landscape types，NP of wetland appear，lake area declines，landscape heterogeneity is land-low，scapes declines drastically from 4 623 in 1950s to 1 589 landscape fragmentation is low and further declines，that is into1980，PD from 0, 144 to 0, 050，showing a declining wetlandsay，lakes have higher integrity and connectivity, LPI is landscape fragmentation, There are 3 possible reasons respon-lowsible for such a decline: extinction of many small lake and and declines，it means that dominance degree of large lakeditchpatches is low and shrinking, COHESION and AI is high and in-wetlands; interpretation accuracy errors of data in two creases slightly， showing that landscape periods，fragmentationbecause1? 100，000 topographical map is used for obtaining datadeclines，CONTAG and connectivity increases correspondingly,of 1950s，but TM remote sensing images with a resolution ratioNP of rivers declines greatly and PD also of 30 m are applied for obtaining data of 1980 and 2000; decreasesinflu-correspondingly，showing that as a great number of ence of human factors in the interpretation, However，its LPI Table 4 Pattern indexes of individual wetland landscape elements based on the secondary wetland laifiationcsscWetland typeDurationNPPDLPICOHESIONSPLITAI 5310, 52099, 38197, 1371950sLake, 10896, 0000， 017，0198009919831, 493, 673，222, 635, 421 0, 2000300, 49399, 6731，222, 59598, 422River001，01950s2881, 12899, 7697，703, 35187, 459 0, 1980290, 68999, 76920184, 94992, 271， 001，00992092200030, 689, 768，182, 014, 258Shallows0, 1950s2110, 27998, 828122，049, 00095, 818 009，019802160, 03197, 6861，538，327, 00094, 644 0, 20002180, 03197, 6841538328, 00094, 638，， Reservoir and pond001，01950s38590, 00384, 477160572697, 00076, 357，，， 0, 19801，5390, 18097, 981163，589, 00093, 467 20001，555001，00, 18097, 974163，053, 00093, 444Marsh0, 1950s90, 01098, 02843，059，081, 97, 514 19800,,,007，0000 200000, , , , Area，NP and PD of shallows remain stable，but showwetlands degrade or cannot be fully developed，which is drastic space-time changes，and obvious changes of landscapean pattern, LPI declines from 0, 279 to 0, 031，SPLIT increases greatly，showing that number of large patches declines，smallReferencespatches increase, COHESION and AI decline，that is to say，,1:YANG ZF，CUI BS，HUANG GH, Hydro-ecological processes，wa- ter-environmental effects and integrated control of ecological as contagion and connectivity of shallows decline as security for wetlands in Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China,J:, Advances in Earth Science，2006，11( 21) : 1119 ,1125, ( in Chinese) ,large,2: HUANG YS，ZHAO YG，QU CJ, Wetland status and conservation strategy in Huaihe River Basin,J:, Harnessing the Huaihe patches decrease,River，2003( 7) : 16 ,17, ( in Chinese) ,NP and PD of reservoir and pond decline，but area ,3:WU PR，ZHANG YZ，HU YM, The current situation and protectionincrea-countermeasures of wetland resources in Huaihe River ses，that is to say，large patches account for a larger ratio Basin,J:,andHarnessing the Huaihe River，2006( 2) : 16 ,17, ( in Chinese) ,,4:Huaihe River Water Resources Commission of Ministry of Water its quantity increases，but small reservoirs and ponds Re-accountsources, Editorial board of Huaihezhi, Summary of Huaihe River for a smaller ratio, Extinction of small reservoirs and Ba-pondssin,M:, Beijing: Science Press，2006, ( in Chinese) ,results in declining NP，increasing LPI，and declining ,5:PU JJ, Visual interpretation of remote sensing principles and meth-SPLIT,ods of image,M:, Beijing: Science Press，1992, ( in Chinese) ,Conclusions3,6:WU JG, Landscape ecology-pattern，process，scale and spatialHigh-intensity human interventions change waterlevel,M:,Beijing: Higher Education Press，2000, ( in Chinese) ,patterns of wetland landscapes in the Huaihe Valley，its ,7:WANG AH，ZHANG SQ，ZHANG B, A study on the changes of spa-wetlandtial pattern of wetland in the Sanjing Plain,J:, Acta patterns turn from diversified and complicate to unitary Ecologica Sini-andca，2003，23( 2) : 237 ,243, ( in Chinese) ,fragmented，wetland system components decrease greatly，,8:DING SY，LIANG GF, Landscape pattern change of regional river inHenan Province in the wetland along the Yellow last two decadesmany transitional zones disappear，connectivity and heteroge- 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 淮河流域中游地景观格局指观化分析湿数 胡巍巍 ( ，521041)观山观范院旅游管理学系广观潮州 : ( 2006CB403301) ; : 基金观目国家重点基础研究础展础划础目湿地系础水生础础程与格局耦合机理础山础范学院博士启础础目淮河流域中游湿，作者观介 地景础格局演础研究( 1970 ， ) ，，，，，、， E-mail: hz_f97@ 126， com。2011-05-修回日期 2011-08-收稿日期胡巍巍男安徽础宁人博士副教授主要从事础源础境景础生础方面的研究2408