浅谈工程机械维修论文2

浅谈工程机械维修论文2 国家职业技能鉴定 汽车维修技师 课 题 浅谈工程机械维修 工作单位 撰 写 人 浅谈工程机械维修 the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse channels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 摘要:工程机械维修的目标就是要不断改善和提高设备维修的水平，以最经济合理的寿命周期费用使设备维持良好的性能，保证工程 施工 文明施工目标施工进度表下载283施工进度表下载施工现场晴雨表下载施工日志模板免费下载 的需要，并提高利用率，延长机械的使用寿命。从而促进施工企业提高生产效率和经济效益。 关键词:工程机械;维修 引言:机械工业负担着为整个国民经济提供技术装备的任务，它的先进水平式国家工业现代化的标志之一。工程机械是工程建设的重要工具，它是实现高速度、高质量、高效益、低成本的重要手段。它被广泛应用于国民经济的各部门，在国民经济中的重要地位十分突出。随着我们工程机械制造业的发展，我们工程机械维修事业也得到了迅猛地发展。除了各个施工单位内部的维修机构外，社会上也建立了不少专业化的工程机械维修企业，再加上工程机械生产厂家或代理商的售后服务机构，三者就构成了工程机械维修市场。它们对提高工程机械的有效利用率，延长使用寿命，节约能源，增加国民经济收入有着举足轻重的作用。 1 工程机械维修的发展趋势 20世纪初期，工程机械维修方式基本上是事后维修，它的最大优点是充分利用了零、部件的寿命。20世纪50年代，随着生产过程机械化、自动化的发展。为减少故障停机损失，提高可靠性，推行定期维修制，并在维修活动中改进维修 工艺 钢结构制作工艺流程车尿素生产工艺流程自动玻璃钢生产工艺2工艺纪律检查制度q345焊接工艺规程 ，进行必要的技术改造。20世纪80年代初期，开始出现技术状态监测维修，并且将维修活动向前延伸至 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 制造过程中。当前，发达国家维修现状是以状态监测为基础，以可靠性为中心，多种维修方式相结合的状态监测维修，针对不同的设备及使用情况，采取不同的维修方式。一般设备采用事后维修，平时难以停机，出现故障对生产和安全影响较大，而对故障规律已基本掌握的设备，采取定期维修。关键设备在有监测和诊断技术的条件下，应尽可能采取状态监测维修。随着监测和诊断技术的提高，今后状态监测维修在整个维修市场中所占的比重会越来越大，但不会完全取代传统的维修方式。状态监测和故障诊断技术是先进维修方式的技术基础，随着科学技术的发展，特别是微电子、计算机、信息技术的迅速发展及广泛应用，光电机械一体技术在工程机械上的应用日益广泛。现在，状态监测和故障诊断技术已有了较大的发展。维修活动的实践 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明，设备越先进、越复杂，维修活动越依赖于故障诊断技术。另外，再制造技术将具有加大的发展空间。再制造技术就是利用原有零件，采用高新技术使其恢复尺寸、形状，并提高其性能、寿命和可靠性。21世纪提倡经济的可持续发展，以优质、高效、节能、环保为目标的先进制造技术将有更快的发展。人们对环保和资源重复利用的知识逐步深入，机械维修和再制造技术的研究会越来越多。 2 工程机械维修方式 the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse channels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 2.1 工程机械维修方式的分类 工程机械从维修方式上来看，初步可以分为以下三大类: 2.1.1 事后维修 工程机械在使用中发生了故障才进行维修称为事后维修。当停产损失较小，只需调整或更换易损件即可排除故障时，采用此种维修方式比较经济。 2.1.2 预防维修 从预防的观点出发，在故障出现之前进行预防性的维护与修理称为预防维修。预防维修包括日常维护、设备检查和预防性修理三个方面的工作。日常维护可防止或推迟工程机械劣化，定期或不定期地对工程机械进行检查、监测和诊断，及时发现故障征兆、进行修理，避免造成突然停工损失。 2.1.2.1 定期维修 这是一种以实践为基础的预防维修。它的特点是具有周期性，人力、备件、物料资源可事先预计，并可作长期安排。这种维修方式适用于工程机械劣化与工程机械使用累计时间有直接关系的零、部件。这种维修方式虽能防患于未然，但由于不考虑工程机械实际的技术状态，按事先规定好的周期修理往往会造成维修过剩或维修不足，这是最大的弊端。 状态维修 这是一种以工程机械状态为基础的预防维修。它用人工或仪器对工程机2.1.2.2 械进行监测和诊断，通过数据分析处理，了解并掌握工程机械或零、部件的劣化程度、故障隐患，从而可选择适当时机安排修理工作。状态维修的特点是针对性强，可有计划地排除甚至消灭故障，使停工损失降到最低。 2.1.3 改善维修 这种方式是根据故障记录和状态监测的结果，在修复故障部位的同时对工程机械性能或局部结构加以改进，旨在克服工程机械的先天不足，改善设备性能，减少故障，但不能补偿工程机械的无形磨损。 2.2 工程机械维修方式的选择 最佳的维修方式是要用最少的维修费用取得最好的维修效果。如果从维修费用、停工损失、维修组织工作和维修效果等方面去衡量，每一种维修方式都有它的优点和缺点，企业可根据自己的生产特点、各类工程机械特点、故障规律、资源和资金等情况分别择优选用。在一个企业里，多种维修方式可以并存。从故障的发展过程看，有磨损型的规律性故障，即磨损程度与时间有关。还有偶发型的随机故障，即发生故障的概率与时间无关。这两种故障中，均包含有发展期和无发展期的两种故障。规律性并有发展期的故障，如连接件、轮胎等的磨损性故障。因其有规律，故障发展过程中有征兆，可以预测、观察和记录，故易采用状态维修。但是状态维修用仪器和投入人力，是否合算应综合考虑技术和经济因素而定。此外，也可采用定期维修。规律性但无发展期的故障，如疲劳断裂、电器元件损坏等，当出现在重点零、 第the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse chan3页 共9页 nels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 部件上，采用事后维修较经济。偶发性有发展期的故障，较典型的如轴承，虽然某个轴承出现故障是随机的，但它是有发展期的，可测出其故障征兆及时维修或更换。如不管轴承状态如何，只按规定定期更换，则很不经济。对某种轴承的研究结果表明，每个轴承使用寿命期各不相同，同一批轴承，大约有10%在一年中损坏，而90%左右的轴承室好的，故采用状态维修较好。对某些易于更换或修理的零、部件、元件，所用修理停机时间不长、损失不大时也可选择事后维修方式。偶发性且无发展期的故障，如在冲击载荷下的突然破裂，液压、电器故障等，因无从得知其将要发生故障，只有采用事后维修，对于非重点工程机械，停产影响不大的，可使用到发生故障后再紧急修理。对于重点工程机械，突然停机影响生产损失较大的，如要害装置上的电机、泵等，可设置平行功能的备用件，出现故障时可立即更换或代用，直到故障件修复为止。改善性维修侧重在改善原设计的机构、元件等的性能，它可以同其它维修方式同时使用，即在预防维修或事后维修中同时排除故障和改善性能。但是，必须事先掌握故障原因，做好准备，在故障停机或预防维修时实施。 3 工程机械维修的要点 3.1 编制切合实际的维修计划 编制维修计划必须掌握工程任务、施工计划、设备状况、已运转台时、维修周期、维修作业时间等资料。 3.2 确定合理的维修组织形式 为了保证现场建筑机械的正常运行，必须建立现场维修组织。合理的组织形式应按施工实际情况而定，当工程规模较大或工期较长时，可设置临时维修所，负责该工程的设备维修工作;当工程量较小或工期较短或工点分散时，可设置工程修理车，组织流动修理组，进行巡回保修。 3.3 配备恰当的维修力量 维修力量包括设备和人员。设备维修的类型可按工业需要而定，数量一般为建筑机械的10%,20%;维修人员一般为出勤司机人数的1/3,1/4。 3.4 采用合理的作业方式 目前，常用的维修作业方式有综合维修方式和专业分工作业方式两种，可视实际情况选择。 3.5 采用高效的维修方法 一般有单机维修法和总成互换维修法。单机维修法修理时间长，修理质量也不稳定，只适合于修理力量薄弱、修理认为少、而机型复杂的修理所;总成互换修理法师目前公认的现the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse channels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 场修理的最好方法，是将磨损的零部件或总成在经济合理的情况下修复，检验合格之后入库备用。采用这种修理方法，可以取消中修，简化修理层次，修理速度快，时间短，因而大大提高设备完好率、出勤率，增加设备使用的经济效益，也为专业化维修创造有利条件。 4.故障分析与应对措施实例 ZL50型装载机发动机起动困难诊断与修复 ZL50型装载机动力装置为6135K—9c型四冲程、水冷、直喷式柴油机。 起动困难诊断与修复 4.1发动机在冬季起动为什么更困难 发动机的起动 不仅决定于本身的技术状况 还受外界气温的影响。冬季低温下起动更困难 主要是由如下原因所致 1.冬季气候寒冷 环境温度低 机油粘度增大 各运动机件的摩擦阻力增加 使起动转速降低 难以起动。 2. 蓄电池容量随温度下降而减少 使起动转速进一步降低。 3. 由于起动转速降低 压缩空气渗漏增多 气缸壁散热量增大 致使压缩终了时空气的温度和压力大为降低 使柴油发火的延迟期增长 严重时甚至不能燃烧。 低温下的柴油粘度增大，使喷射速度降低，加上空气在压缩终了时的旋流速度、4. 温度和压力都比较低，使喷入气缸的柴油雾化质量差，难以与空气迅速形成良好的可燃气体并及时发火燃烧 甚至不能着火 导致起动困难。 要解决以上问题就要保持发动机性能良好: 1. 要有足够的起动转速。起动转速高 缸内的气体渗漏量少 压缩空气向气缸壁传热的时间短 热量损失少 使压缩终了时的气体温度和压力得以提高。一般要求转速在1000r/min以上。 2.气缸的密封性要好。这可进一步减少漏气量 保证压缩终了时气体有足够的燃烧温度和压力 气缸的压缩压力不得低于 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 值的80%。 3. 要求发动机相对于运转机件之间的配合间隙适当 且润滑良好。 4. 蓄电池要有足够的起动电容量 且起动电路的技术状况正常。 5.起动油量符合规定 喷射质量良好 且喷油提前角要符合要求。 6.使用符合要求的燃料 4.2发动机起动时可以转动、不能起动、无烟、的诊断与处理: 起动发动机时，排气管无烟排出，也无爆发声，一般属柴油没有进缸。 第the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse chan5页 共9页 nels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 1.原因 ?油箱中无油。 ?燃油滤清器、油水分离器堵塞。 ?低压油路不供油。 ? 喷油泵不泵油。 ?油路中有空气。 ?配气相位失准。气门的打开时刻与活塞在气缸中的行程不协调。如活塞在气缸中作压缩行程时 进、排气门打开着 新鲜空气被赶出气缸 以致气缸中没有燃烧气体 无法起动。 ?型喷油泵电磁阀坏 处于关闭状态 柴油不能进入高压腔。 2.诊断与处理方法 原则:先外后内、先易后难 ?察看喷油泵熄火拉线是否回位。 ?油箱内是否有油 油箱开关是否打开。 ?喷油泵操纵拉杆和驱动连接盘的紧固螺栓是否脱落。? 拧松喷油泵上的放气螺钉 用手油泵泵油排气。 ? 检查油管是否漏气或堵塞。 ? 检查燃油滤清器和油水分离器是否堵塞。 ? 起动机带发动机转动 检查输油泵是否泵油。 ? 拆松喷油器进油管接头 油门加到底 按下起动机开关 检查喷油泵是否泵油 若不泵油 说明油量调节拉杆卡在停油位置 即齿条发卡 若是A_型泵 应取下喷油泵的边盖检查并排除故障 若是P_型泵等 则需采取相应措施处理。 ? 检查配气相位是否准确 若未对正 应进行调整。 对于装 VE泵的发动机来说 检查断油电磁阀和控制电路是否有故障。当确认断油电磁阀损坏，又不能立即找到新电磁更换时，可采用拆下电磁阀，取出柱塞阀和弹簧后原样装复，并对电磁阀采取断电处理的应急措施，此法不能进行电熄火，可以手动熄火。 4.3发动机热起动困难的诊断与处理:发动机冷起动良好，但运行一段时间温度升高后熄火，再起动较为困难。 1.原因 主要是喷油泵柱塞副和喷油器针阀副严重磨损所致。当热车起动时 由于喷油泵及燃油滤清器的温度较高 燃油粘度下降 加之起动转速较低 大部分柴油从磨损的缝隙处泄漏 造成起动油量不足而无法起动。 2.诊断与处理方法 ?应急排除的方法是:将汽车挂上挡，由其他汽车拖拉起动。利用车速带动发动机高速转动，使柴油来不及泄漏，以保证起动供油量，此法不提倡，因为康明斯增压发动机的缸内压力比较大，拖车起动时对各连接件的冲击力大，影响车辆使用寿命。?当柱塞副或针阀副严重磨损时经喷油泵试验台检验调试确认后应更换新品。 4.4发动机起动时 曲轴不能转动的机械故障诊断与修复: 发动机起动时，在起动系统完好的情况下，若变速器置于空档位置，按起动开关起动机有响声而曲轴不能转动，则属于机械故障。引起发动机曲轴不能转动的原the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse channels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 因及诊断与修复方法如下所述。 1.原因 ? 起动机与飞轮齿啮合不良。齿圈与起动机齿轮在起动发动机时会发生撞击 造成牙齿损坏或牙齿单面磨损。若牙齿连续三个以上损坏或磨损严重 起动机齿轮与齿圈牙齿便难以啮合。 ? 粘缸。发动机温度过高时停车熄火 热量难以散出 高温下的活塞环与气缸粘连 冷却后无法起动。 ? 曲轴抱死。由于润滑系故障或缺机油造成滑动轴承干摩擦 以致最终抱死曲轴而无法起动。 ? 喷油泵柱塞卡死。 2.诊断与修复方法 ? 若飞轮有连续三个以上牙齿损坏 且与起动机齿正好相对 就会导致两者齿轮不能啮合。在这种状态下 只需用撬棒将飞轮撬转一个角度 再按起动按钮便可顺利起动。对于损坏的飞轮牙齿 一般可采用焊接修复。 ? 齿圈松动时可从飞轮壳起动机安装口处确认。若齿圈松动 则须更换新件。在安装时 应先将齿圈放在加热箱中加热 而后趁热压在飞轮上 冷却后即可紧固于飞轮上。 ? 齿圈牙齿单边磨损严重时 可将齿圈压下 前后端面翻转后 再装在飞轮上使用。 ? 经检查齿轮啮合正常 起动时飞轮不转动 则应视为发动机内部故障 如曲轴抱死 活塞粘缸 离合器卡滞等 对此应进一步观察。可先查离合器有无破损卡滞 再检查喷油泵柱塞是否卡滞和发动机内部有无异物等故障。 2、发动机起动时可以转动 但不能起动 排气管中无烟 的诊断与处理。 起动发动机时 排气管无烟排出 也无爆发声 一般属柴油没有进缸。 1.原因 一. 油箱中无油。 二(燃油滤清器、油水分离器堵塞。 ? 低压油路不供油。 ? 喷油泵不泵油。 ? 油路中有空气。 ? 配气相位失准。气门的打开时刻与活塞在气缸中的行程不协调。如活塞在气缸中作压缩行程时 进、排气门打开着 新鲜空气被赶出气缸 以致气缸中没有燃烧气体 无法起动。 ? 型喷油泵电磁阀坏 处于关闭状态 柴油不能进入高压腔。 2.诊断与处理方法 原则:先外后内、先易后难 ? 察看喷油泵熄火拉线是否回位。 ? 油箱内是否有油 油箱开关是否打开。 ? 喷油泵操纵拉杆和驱动连接盘的紧固螺栓是否脱落。 ? 拧松喷油泵上的放气螺钉 用手油泵泵油排气。 ? 检查油管是否 第the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse chan7页 共9页 nels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy 漏气或堵塞。 ? 检查燃油滤清器和油水分离器是否堵塞。 ? 起动机带发动机转动 检查输油泵是否泵油。 ? 拆松喷油器进油管接头 油门加到底 按下起动机开关 检查喷油泵是否泵油 若不泵油 说明油量调节拉杆卡在停油位置即齿条发卡 若是A型泵 应取下喷油泵的边盖检查并排除故障 若是P型泵等 则需采取相应措施处理。 ? 检查配气相位是否准确 若未对正 应进行调整。 ? 对于装 VE泵的发动机来说 检查断油电磁阀和控制电路是否有故障。当确认断油电磁阀损坏 又不能立即找到新电磁更换时 可采用拆下电磁阀 取出柱塞阀和弹簧后原样装复 并对电磁阀采取断电处理的应急措施 此法不能进行电熄火 可以手动熄火 。 5 结论 由于工程机械维修属于跨学科的研究领域，涉及的因素众多，诸多因素的复杂交错，使得这一问题更具挑战性，在缺少丰富调查资料和实践经验的情况下，要得的十分满意的结果是很困难的。要找到普遍适合全国企业的维修模式，还有很长的一段路要走;要找到一直普遍适合全国企业的维修方式，那就更加困难了，由各个企业实际情况的多样性可知这几乎是不可能的。本文也只能初步分析国内工程机械维修现状，总结、借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上，提出一些建议性的维修对策。这些维修对策应该是在充分的限制，使得其合理性和实用性还需要进一步的实践应用来检验，并在此基础上作出修正。本文认为，应从一下几个方面对维修作进一步探讨。 5.1 进一步整理和分析国内外研究成果，选择那些普遍性的维修对策，根据我国国情和企业实际情况修改够对其进行应用检验，从而保证维修对策的先进性和适用性。 5.2 各级权重、隶属度的确定和评估标准还有待于大量数据的积累和实践检验。 5.3 通过对市级企业的评估，进一步怎么评估模型的正确性。 参考文献: [1] 杨士敏(工程机械设备现代管理[M](西安:陕西科学技术出版社，1999(7)( [2] 陈又玲(设备维修市场的建立与运作[J](设备管理与维修，1999(2) [3] 王成瑛(建立完善的工程机械维修市场[J](建筑机械与施工机械化，2000(1)( [4] 何胜洪(重视设备的前期管理[J](设备管理与维修，2001(4)( [5] 张宏春(公路机械化施工与管理[M](人民交通出版社，2005(12)( [6] 张树美(设备维修管理方法的研究[J](青岛大学学报(工程技术版)，1996(01)( [7] 谢崇高(建筑机械维修管理存在的问题与对策[J](商业文化，2008(7)( the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse channels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy [8] 解明旭(浅谈建筑机械的维修管理[J](机械管理开发，2006(3)( [9] 方友康(浅谈建筑机械的维修与管理[J](中国高新技术企业，2008(14)( 第the neighbouring frequency transmission planning, the system can accommodate more than more than 80 TV channels, 2 reverse chan9页 共9页 nels. Taking into account the needs of e-commerce in the future, this system increase in backhaul bandwidth, take up to 4 channels. Wired TV distribution statistics following table: Wired TV information points distribution schedule-medical floor, rehabilitation floor, 1th, floor, 2nd, floor serial number a layer two layer three layer four layer five layer underground a layer underground two layer total medical floor 53 54 52 71 54 7 5 296 rehabilitation floor 7 5 5 4 4 2 27 2nd, floor 18 18 10 46 1th, floor-East floor 16 16 16 3 51 1th, floor-in the floor 21 15 12 5 53 1th, Floor-West floor 20 15 18 3 56 total 529 (3) information guide and the released system system used concentrated control, and unified management of way will sound video signal, and pictures and scroll subtitles, multimedia information through network transmission to the displayed Terminal, real-time to released visits information, and rehabilitation center image advertising, and medical common sense, and experts introduced, health life, information. and can at any time spots pictures, news, emergency notification, content, main distribution in Center of Hall, hospital handle district, Elevator Hall, public. Systems Management Server security management on the medical floor room, connect to the streaming media over a network control terminals, control terminals and display devices such as LCD TVs, LED screens and other equipment connected, the output information, system support MPEG1/2/4,WMV,AVI and other video format, supports image formats such as JPG,PNG,GIF, support DTS/AC3, MP3 MPEG1/MPEG2 MP3,WMA audio format support slide presentations ( PPT). Hours second time Kok's public security system ... Information for safe, reliable, and mature application of equipment and advanced technology to the enemy