2014年春(新版)新目标八年级下英语Unit1-5知识点详解

2014年春(新版)新目标八年级下英语Unit1-5 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 详解 Unit1 What‘s the matter, Section A 1. What‘ s the matter? 怎么啦,出什么事情了, 【解析】matter/ ' mæt?(r)) /n.问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ;事情 What‘ s the matter with you?= What‘s the trouble with you? = What‘ s wrong with you?你怎么了, 【注】: matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词 ， wrong 是adj. 不能加the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即: What‘s the matter with sb.? = What‘s your trouble?= What‘s up? = What happens to sb.? What‘s the matter with you ?— I have a bad cold. 【拓展】matter的用法 (1) It doesn‘t matter 没关系 (用来回答别人道歉时的用语) (2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上 2. I have a cold 我感冒了 I have a stomachache 我患胃痛 I have a sore back. 我背痛。 【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛 【解析2】back n 背;背部 at the back of......在......的后面 1 go/come back 返回 give back 归还 【解析3】 3. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 V 交给;传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发 4. She talked too much yesterday and didn‘t drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。 【解析1】too much/too many/much too 短语 含义 用法 例句 too much 太多 后接不可数名词 There is too much rain these days 修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 There are too many things for me to do every day. much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 It‘s much too cold in winter. 【解析2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. ―足够地， 十分，相当‖ 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box. 5. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 【解析】with :?prep “具有， 带有‖ , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 She is a girl with long hair with (反) without ?prep. 和......一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. 2 ? prep 用......， 表示“使用某种工具” Cut it with a knife. 6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。 【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生 【解析2】X-ray/'eks rei/n. X 射线;X 光 7. What should she do?她该怎么办呢, Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗, 【解析1】should ―应该‖ 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldn‘t 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldn‘t + 动词原形. .. ?You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 ? You shouldn’t’ t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。 【解析2】take one‘s temperature 量体温 8. No, it doesn‘t sound like you have a fever. 不需要， 听起来你不像发烧了。 【解析1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像 【解析2】fever/ 'fi:v?:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧 You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要休息一下，远离电脑。 9. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑，休息休息。 【解析】need v 需要 3 ?用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. ?用于否定句是情态动词 needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 【解析】without doing sth. 10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话， 就去看医生。 【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈;脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌 【解析2】hurt /h3:(r)t/ v. (hurt /h3:(r)t/) (使痛 ;受伤) 表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 My leg hurts. 11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。 【解析1】along/ down 相同点: prep “顺着;沿着‖ 4 不同点:along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走‖ 【解析2】see (saw , seen) v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 (看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生) see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 (强调动作正在发生) 【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ;平躺 lie ? lay ? lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ).lie down 躺下lie down and rest 躺下休息 12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. 公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。 【解析】24-year-old 24岁的 “数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名 词用单数。 got off and asked the woman what happened. 13. He 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。 【解析】get off 下车 (反) get on 上车 Don‘t forget to take your bag when you ___ the bus. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off 【拓展】与get相关的短语: get up起床 get back回来;取回 get over克服;度过 get on,along well with与……相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。 【解析】surprise [s?'pra?z] ?v 使吃惊?surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 ?surprised adj. 吃惊的 5 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因...而惊讶 Surprise ? n 惊讶‖ to one‘s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 【解析2】agree v? (反)disagree – agreement n同意 (1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. (2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。 【解析1】 thanks to 对亏;由于 ?thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形， 这个短语表示原因，意为―由于‖、―多亏‖，to表示感谢的对象 ? thanks for ，意为―因……而感谢‖，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing thanks相当于 thank you ， 【解析2】on time 准时/in time 及时 on time= at exactly 准时(在规定的时间之 强调与某个时刻一致 the right time. 内) in time = with 及时(恰在时间点上) 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时enough time to 间提前发生 spare/ not late 【短语】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 6 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到……时候 for the first time 第一次 【句型】 It‘s time to do sth =It‘s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s 16. But the driver didn‘t think about himself. 但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。 【解析】 think about 考虑;认为 【短语】:think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出 【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行 17. Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road 26路公共汽车在中华路上撞到了一位老人 【解析】hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/)( 用手或器具)击;打 hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face. 18. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble? 人们常常不去帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦。 【解析】trouble/'tr?bl/n .问题;苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦(或烦恼) be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难 That is a monkey on his back. 19. Jenny cut herself . 珍妮伤着自己了 【解析】herself/h3:(r)'self/pron. (she 的反身代词)她自己 【解析】反身代词 (1)反身代词的构成 7 ?一、二人称的反身代词 构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成 单数 myself yourself 复数 ourselves yourselves ? 第三人称的反身代词 构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves 单数: himself herself itself 复数: themselves (2)反身代词的常见搭配: enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 自我介绍100字ppt自我介绍模板入职应聘自我介绍模板职场自我介绍医院面试自我介绍 (3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。 20. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗, 【解析】fall ? fell ? fallen v 落下; 跌落 fall down 摔倒，(强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾 语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike. fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡 Unit1 What‘s the matter, Section B 8 1. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。 【解析】feel sick 生病;不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be sick of …“讨厌;厌恶……” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill ? illness n.“病;疾病” 2. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦. 罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。 【解析1】 who 引导的定语从句 定语从句: 定义:用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 He is the boy who/that often helps me. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语 【解析2】be interested in interest ? n 兴趣 ?interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的(表语/定语) ?interested adj. 对……感兴趣(只做表语) ?interest v. 引起„„关注;使„„感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.对„„变得感兴趣 9 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对„„的极大兴趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对……感兴趣 (2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣 3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。 【解析1】 as prep，"作为"，"以……身份"。 【解析2】be used to (doing)习惯于(做);适应于(做) 【用法】(1) use v.使用?useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完 (2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 (3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做， 只用于过去时态。I used to get up at six. (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴(框架)眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。 3.1. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. 做危险的运动时令人兴奋的事情之一 【解析】one of … ......之一 【结构】“one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China. 4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 很多次阿伦因为出事故几乎丧命。 【解析1】almost / nearly 10 almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可 以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,有时它们可以相互取代 【解析2】lose ? lost? lost v 失去 lose one‘s life 失去生命 【解析3】because of 由于; 因为 【拓展】because/because of 【记】:跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of 词性 用法 because 连词 后接句子 because of 介词短语 后接名词或/ving 【注】: (1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中) She’s worried because of her son. (2) because conj +从句 (引导原因状语从句) He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. (3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子 — Why do you like pandas? — Because they are cute. (4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。 Mo Yan‘s books have been sold out in many book stores ___ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize. A. because B. since C. as D. because of 5. On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. 2003年4月26日，阿伦在犹他州登山的时候，发现自己处于一个极其危险的状态。 【解析1】on 修饰具体的某一天 on a Sunday morning; on Friday 【解析2】find ? found ?found v寻找 11 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很…… ?find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 6. On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 2,000 – kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. 那天，阿伦在独自登山的时候，他的手臂被掉在他身上的2000多斤的岩石压住了。 by oneself= alone = on one‘s own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。 7. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是 当他的水也用完的时候，他意识到他必须做些什么去挽救他自己的生命。 【解析1】 run ? ran ? run v跑 run out of =use up 用完 【区别】:run out of 其主语通常是人 run out 其主语通常是物 run after 追求，追逐 【短语】: run across 偶然遇见 run away 逃跑 run at 向…..冲去 【解析2】own ?adj. 自己的 ? v 拥有 ? owner n 所有者，物主one‘s own 某人自己的 of one‘s own /one‘s own +n 某人自己的 (one‘s 要用adj. 物主代词代替) I want to have a big house of my own. 8. Then , with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 然后， 他用左手给自己绑上绷带， 以至于不流太多的血 【解析1】so that 以便，为了 引导目的状语从句, 从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等， The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly. 为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句) 12 9. This means being I a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of . 【解析1】mean ? meant ? meant v 意味着? meaning n 意思 (1)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 2.mean to do sth. 打算做某事 【拓展】询问 “......的意思”的常用句型: What does ... mean? What is the meaning of...? 【解析2】get out of 离开，从……出来 【拓展】与get 相关的短语: get up起床 get to到达 get back 返回 get on 上车 get off 下车 get on with 与„„友好相处; 10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of one’s life. 在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。 【解析1】 important adj. 重要的(反)unimportan? importance n 重要性 ?My parents have taught me ____________(…..的重要性)of working hard. Anyone can see the ____________(important) of good health. ? 【解析2】decide v 决定?-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up one‘s mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定 【解析3】be in control of 掌管;管理 11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他是如此的热爱爬山甚至与经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续爬山。 【解析1】 so …that 如此…..以致…… ―So +adj.+ that‖ “如此……以至……‖ 引导结果状语从句 so后面接形容词、副词 13 He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. 【解析2】 keep on (doing sth) 继续或坚持做某事 ,但是中间有间断 We must keep on working hard in the coming new year. 12. Do we have the same spirit as Aron?我们有阿伦那种精神吗, 【解析】 the same … as… 和......一样 be not the same as = be different from 与......不同 13. Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place” , and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. 在我们发现自己处于“进退两难”之前好好想想这个问题， 我们一旦做出决定就意味着生或死。 【解析】die v. ?(延续性动词) be dead 死，死亡 ?death n. 死，死亡 ?dead adj. 死的 ? dying adj. 将死的 14. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks. 阿伦热爱登山，不介意冒险。 【解析】 mind v 介意 n 头脑，想法，记忆 【短语】make up one‘s mind 下定决心 never mind 不要紧 in mind 记住…… change one‘s mind 改变主意 keep … 【句型】Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗, 15. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 那次事故之后， 阿伦并没有放弃登山，他现在仍然继续登山。 【解析】give up 放弃 give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事 Unit 1 What‘s the matter? 重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 14 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one‘ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one‘ s surprise 使....... [京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻;马上 33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便 47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃 Unit2 I‘ll help to clean up the city parks Section A 1. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 【解析1】help v ?helpful 1). help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 2). help oneself ( to )自用(食物等)。 15 3). help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 4). with the help of 在……帮助下。 5). help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。 6).Can‘t help doing 情不自禁做.... 【解析2】clean up 把……打扫干净(v. + adv.) clean up the table = clean the table up 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。 【解析1】sick /ill : (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be sick of …“讨厌;厌恶……” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill ? illness n.“病;疾病” ?. You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill) ?.He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲 【解析2】in the hospital 与in hospital (1) in the hospital“在医院” 指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等; (2) in hospital “在医院;住院”指生病住院。类似的短语有: in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上; in bed“在床上”指躺在床上 Tom is ill and staying in bed. 【解析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的(v. +adv) cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 cheer me up 使我高兴 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发食物 【解析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas 16 …. give out sth to sb. 分给某人 Our teacher begins_____________(分发) our test paper. 【短语】:give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表 give sb. a call 给……打电话 give away 赠送give away money to kids give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人 give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物 give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线 4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day. 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。 【解析】come up with =think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 【短语】:think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行 【拓展】v+up with 构成的短语: catch up with 赶上;追上 keep up with 跟上;跟、、、、、保持联系 put u with 容忍; 忍得住 end up with 结束;以.......而结束 5. Oh , what did they ask you to help out with? 哦，他们让你帮助做些什么, 【解析】help out 帮助; 帮助......出来 help sb. out 使某人脱离困境 6. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。 【解析1】 (1) use v.使用?useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完 (2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 (3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 17 (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴(框架)眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。 7. That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。 【解析】sound (1)n声音 We heard a strange sound. 【辨析】Sound/noise/voice ?sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。 ?noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。 ?voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音(包括说话，唱歌等)。 Mary has a beautiful voice. 玛丽的声音很美。 Don't make such a noise. 别这样大声喧哗。 (2) vi.听起来，似乎，其后加表语(形容词，介词短语，名词) —How does the music sound to you? 这音乐你听起来怎么样, —It sounds beautiful. 它听起来很美。 8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。 【解析】alone / lonely 辨析: (1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。 He often walks alone to home . (2)lonely ?指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受;?也可指某个地方是荒凉的 9. We should listen to them and care for them . 我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。 【解析】care for 照看;照顾; 照料 18 【拓展】care的短语总结 take care =be careful v.当心，小心 take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看 take care of 处理，做完 care for v.照顾，照看 10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。 【解析1】give up 放弃 give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事 【解析2】several 可作定语，表示“几个”: = a few Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。 My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言 11. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。 【解析】volunteer v 志愿 n 志愿者 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 12. ... But I want to learn more about how to care for animals... 但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识 【解析】 ―疑问词+不定式‖作及物动词的宾语， 【记】:I don‘t know what to do. I don‘t‘ know how to do it . I don‘t know what to do with it. 【拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 与 “wh – 从句的转换。 转换时只需在疑问词后加主语(与主句主语一致)，并将不定式改成 “should +v原形“做谓语。 I don‘t know how to solve the problem. 19 = I don‘t know how I should solve the problem. 13.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种 很强烈的满足感。 【解析1】such 词条 词性 用法 常用结构 such 形容修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 词 no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词 such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数 such +除much/little之外的形容词+ 不可数名词 so 程度修饰形容so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 副词 词或副词 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 so+ much/little+不可数名词 …that 如此…..以致…… 【解析1】(1)so ―So +adj.+ that‖ “如此……以至……‖ 引导结果状语从句 so后面接形容词、副词 He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. 【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少(many, much, few, little)都用so。 【解析2】get better 变得更好 14. She could read by herself at the age of four. 她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。 【解析】at the age of 在......岁的时候= when sb. Was ... Years old. 15. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 20 去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。【解析】try out 尝试;实验 try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】 (4)try one‘s best to do sth= do one‘s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 16. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. 她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。 【解析】once a week 一周一次 【拓展】once = one time一次 twice= two times 两次 【注】:三次或三次以上用:“基数词+times‖ three times 三次 four times 四次 three or four times 三到四次 but you can see in their eyes they’re going on a different journey with each 17. ...， new book,......, 但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每本新书在进行不 同的旅行。 【解析】go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行 18. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. 对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。 【解析】 come true 实现 词条 是否接宾语 用法 achieve 是 主语一般为“人” come true 否 主语一般是“梦想;理想” 【拓展】与come相关的短语: 【短语】come and go 来来回回 21 come from 来自 come back 回来 come out 出来 come on 加油，快点 come in 进来 come back 回来 come over 顺便来访 come true 实现 come up with 想出 19. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. 我不但可以做我自己喜欢的事，同时还可以帮助其他人。 【解析】at the same time 同时, 20. However, few people think about what they can do to help others. 然而，很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。 【解析1】however 然而 【辨析 】however和 but 二者都意为“可是，但是”; ? but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。 really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time. I 我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 ? however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。 It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子 【解析2】few 几乎没有 词条 含义 修饰的名词的数 例句 few 几乎没有(表否定含义) 可数名词复数 They know few of us a few 一些(表肯定含义) He made a few mistakes little 几乎没有(表否定含义) 不可数名词 I spend very little on food a little 一些(表肯定含义) I know a little about the story 22 【注】 a few/ few (1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。 (2)a few ―有一些‖，表示肯定概念，few 几乎没有，表示否定意义。 The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.这个人在这里住了很多年了，他有一些朋友。 I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没有几个朋友。 a little/ little (1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词。 (2) a little ―有一些‖，表示肯定概念。 little ―几乎没有‖，表示否定概念。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass, so you can‘t drink any. 杯子里几乎没有水了，你不可能喝到水了。 21. There are many people who are less lucky than us . 有很多没有我们幸运的人。 【解析】less 较少的; 较次的 【注】less 可用在部分双音节和多音节形容词和副词前，构成形容词和副词的比较级。 22.For example , we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. 例如， 我们可以制定一些计划去看望医院生病的孩子们或者无家可归的人们筹钱。 【解析1】for example ?for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语， 用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 For example，he is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。 ? such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。 可以和and so on 连用。 23 Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。 【解析2】 raise (raised; raised) v 募集;征集 raise money for... “为......筹款” 【解析3】 home n 家?homeless adj. 无家可归的 be home to … = be the home of sb. 成为…家园 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 【拓展】由home构成的合成词: homeland n 祖国 hometown n 家乡 homework 家庭作业 homeless adj. 无家可归的 home-made adj. 自制的 【同类记忆】 careless 粗心的 hopeless 没有希望的 helpless 无助的 useless 没有用的 be home to sb. = be the home of sb. 是某人的家 【短语集锦】on one‘s way home 在某人回家的路上 stay at home 呆在家里 go home 回家 at home 在家 get home 到家 23. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another country, like Africa,and help people there. 有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家，像非洲，并且帮助那里的人们。 【解析】 stop doing (1)stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止讲话 (2)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话 (3)stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 (4)can‘t stop doing sth 忍不住做„„ Unit2 I‘ll help to clean up the city parks Section B 24 1. I repaired it . 我把它修好了 【解析】 repair v ―修理;修复‖ 1) repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或 失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。 Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了, 2) mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。 This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。 3) fix用于需要重新―调‖物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起 来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。 Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗? 2. I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。 【解析】(1)take after =be similar to在(外貌、性格等方面)与(父母)相像(v. +adv) 【短语】take back 收回，接回 take down 写下 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占去(时间或空间)take care 小心 take care of 照顾 take place 发生 take out 拿出 take away 拿走 (2)look like 只指在外貌上与…..相像 【短语】:look after 照顾 look up 向上看，查找look for 寻找 look out 小心 3. I fixed it up. 我把它修理好了。 【解析】fix =mend=repair v 修理，修补 ?fix up=repair 修理(v. +adv) 4. I‘m similar to her . 我和她很像。 【解析】similar adj. 相似的 be similar to sb. 和某人很相似 5. I gave it away. 我把它修理好了 【解析】give away 赠送; 分发(奖品)，捐赠 25 【拓展1】与give相关的短语: give off放出，释放 give back归还，送回 give out分发 give in屈服 give up停止，放弃 give sb. a hand助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call给……打电话 give a talk作报告 give lessons to给……上课 give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) give sb. a chance给……一次机会 give sb. lessons给某人上课 give a message to……给……一个口信 give a concert举办音乐会 give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb.给某人某物 return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人 【拓展2】与away相关的短语: get away from 逃离 throw away扔掉 go away 离去;出去 run away 逃走 stay away (from)远离 put away 放好 6. I‘ll send you a photo of Lucky. 【解析】(1) a photo of sb. sb.为宾格，“某人的一张照片”， 强调照片上的人就是他/她本人。 (2) a photo of sb‘s. sb‘s.为名词性物主代词或名词所有格，“某人的一张照片”，强调照片上的 人是sb.所拥有的。 7. I‘m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. 我肯定你知道这个组织的成立是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。 【解析1】be sure (that) ... ?be sure，of,about doing sth，―确信……‖;―对……有把握‖。 但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑; 26 be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 I'm sure of his honesty(我肯定他是诚实的。 ?be sure to do sth ，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语―必定‖、 ―必然会‖、―准会‖如何如何。 It is sure to rain(天一定会下雨。 ?be sure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断， 意为―确信某事一定会……‖。 We are sure he will make great progress this term( 我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步 【拓展】make sure表示―弄确实;核实;查证‖。 make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。 + that从句意为―弄明白;确信‖。 Make sure Make sure + of + 代词/名词，意思也是―弄明白;确信‖。 — Make sure of his coming before you set off. — 出发之前要确定他是否来。 — I make sure (that) he would come. — 我确信他会来。 【解析2】set up 建立;设立 set up =establish =build建立(v. +adv) 【短语】:set off 出发set about doing sth 着手去做某事 【解析3】disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 (既可以做表语， 也可以做定语)。 disabled people 残疾人 【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】 dislike 不喜欢 disorder 无秩序 dishonest 不诚实 disappear 消失 8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. 27 “幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。 【解析】makes a big difference 影响;有作用 9. Or imagine you can‘t walk or use your hands easily. 或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。 【解析】imagine + n/ ving/ pron v 想象 10. ... But many people have these difficulties. 但是很多人有这些困难。 【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 11. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一只狗这个主意激动不已。 【解析】be excited about 对......感到激动 【解析1】excite? exciting/excited 兴奋的 be excited about对…感到兴奋 12. I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。 【解析】 be able to 能够 词条 适用时态 人称和数 例句 be able to 用于各种时态 有人称和数I will be able to dress more casually. 的变化 can 用于现在时或没有人称和I could swim at the age of seven. 过去时(could) 数的变化 =I was able to swim at the age of seven. 13. My dog‘s name is Lucky— a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. 我的狗的名字叫“幸运”—— 对于他来说是个好名字，因为有了他我感觉自己很幸运。 28 【解析】be/ feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运。 【解析1】 luck n.“幸运” ? lucky adj.“幸运的” ? luckily adv.“幸运地” ? unlucky adj.“不幸的” ? unluckily adv.“不幸地;不幸的是” 14. For example, I say, ―Lucky! Get my book,‖ and he does it at once. 例如， 我说:“Lucky～把我的书拿来。‖ 它马上就照做。 【解析】(1)fetch v 去拿来=get 去(某地) 拿来(讲话者处) (2)bring v 带来从(某地)拿到(讲话者处) bring up 养育，养大 bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带某物 (1) take v 带来 从(讲话者)拿走 take ?took ? taken 【短语】 take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管 take hold of 握住 take off 脱下 take out 取出take a look 看一看 take one‘s time 从容不迫 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动 take it easy 不紧张 15. I‘ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me.如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。 【解析1】send? sent ? sent v 发送 【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请 send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 【注】类似的动词有:show (展示; 给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer(提供) return (归还) tell ( 告诉) 【解析2】if 如果引导真实条件状语从句 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 16. Thank you again for changing my life. 再次感谢你改变了我的生活。 29 【解析1】Thank sb. for +n/ pron/ ving 为……而感谢某人。 — You study so hard that you’re sure to pass the exam.— Thank you for ___ so. A. say B. to say C. saying D. said 【解析2】change v 改变;变化 change one‘s life 改变某人的生活 change... Into... (把......)变成 【单元语法】 一、短语动词分类: 1.动词+介词 ask for 请求 belong to 属于 look at 看 look after 照顾 learn from 向…学习 remind of 提醒 take after 与…相像 2.动词+ 副词 take away 拿走 wake up 醒来 put off 推迟 give out 分发 think over 考虑 end up 结束 3.动词+ 副词+ 介词 come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完 get along with 与…相处 do well in 擅长 look forward to 期望 4.动词+ 名词+ 介词 take part in 参加 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾 5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词 be strict with 对……要求严格 be mad at 对…..恼火 be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同 二、 短语动词的用法: 30 1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在 介词的后面。 think of 想起 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 agree with 同意 ask for 请求 2.“动词+副词” 结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。 (1) 接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后 (2) 接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间 put on 穿上 put off 脱下 put up 挂起 give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 wake up 叫醒 Unit 2 I ‘ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people‘s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经… … ;过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时 8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 10. give out 分发;散发 11. come up with 想出;提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13. make some notices 做些 公告 职业卫生公告栏下载公告怎么写公司公告范文安全风险承诺公告制度公告栏模版 牌 14. try out 试用;试行 15. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力 16. put up 建造;举起;张贴 17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如;例如 21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与......相像;像 23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与……相似 26. set up 建立;设立 31 27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响;有作用 29. be able to 能够 30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目 二、重点句型 1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。 2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。 5. . . . you can see in their eyes that the y? re going on a different journey with each new book. ……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。 6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。 7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有―幸运儿‖。 一、基本知识点回顾 1. sick 生病的，有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别ill】ill与sick同义;但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。 Mary could not come because she is ill. 32 2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out分发;散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为 。 4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth. ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态， 并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩: The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。 The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料„„ care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after ?【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某 人/事?【形容词】careful / careless ?【副词】carefully 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词:such a good day /such an exciting match such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:such important decisions such delicious food 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such:so many sick children/ so little time 8. try out for…参加„选拔，争取成为„ 33 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验 10. journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行，行程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行; travel【名词、动词】travel around the world ?【名词】traveler旅行者 11.【复习】be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 12.【复习】try doing sth. try to do sth. try one‘s best (to do sth.) 13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 14. raise money集资，筹钱;raise money for…为„„筹钱 raise【动词】举起;提高;募集 15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留(某物);keep+形容词，保持 16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的;blind瞎的，失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的， 丧失能力的 在句中做定语和表语: 16. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能， You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为„;think/find it +形容词to do sth. 18. make a difference to…对„„有影响;对„„有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much 等修饰.如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数; 表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数; have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. ，Everyone is excited about the good news. 34 【复习】excited意为 ，在句中做 ;exciting意为 ，在句中 做 。 22. order【名词】命令，指示;顺序，次序【动词】订购;点(菜)follow the order ， 。 23. change【动词】变化，改变It‘s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化;零钱 change A for B用A换成B:When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【动词】修理，修补; fix【动词】安装;使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 二、重要单词、短语 1. several 2.satisfaction 3. understand 4. imagine 5. train Give短语小结 give up (doing) 2. give out 3. give away 4. give in Up短语小结 1. give up 2. clean up 3. cheer up 4. fix up 5. set up 6. put up 7. get up 8. stay up (late) 9. come up with 10.take up (doing sth.) Out短语小结 1. give out 2. hand out 3. try out 4. go out 5. eat out6. hang out 7. find out 8. get out of 9. come out 三、重点语法——动词不定式 A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接 动词不定式作宾语。 C. 作(后置)定语——常用于―have/has，sth.，to do‖或―enough，名，to do‖―It‘s time to do sth.‖ 等结构中。 35 D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。 E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) ―为了.目的是‖.常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的有:had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。 Unit3 Could you please clean your room? Section A 1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗, 【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗, 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。 Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can. 【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答: Sorry , I can‘t 【解析2】take out 取出(v+ adv) 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间; 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边 ( )His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ______. A .take out it B. take out them C. take it out D .take them out 36 【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下; 起飞 The gift is in the box. You can take it out. 2. Can you do the dishes.,那你可以洗盘子吗,do the dishes 洗碗 【结构1】do the +名词: do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生 【结构3】do one‘s + 名词 do one‘s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业 【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物 3. Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗, 【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗,用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 【解析2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。 (反) at most 至少，不超过 【解析3】finish v 结束;完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。 【解析1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _______(be) really a short time. 作形容 词 足够的，充分的(在句中作定语或表语) 【解析2】enough I don‘t have enough money with me. 足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后) 作 副词 37 The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn‘t kind enough to help others. 【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前;修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。 5. Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗, 【解析】take out 拿出;取出 take 的用法: Please take some books to the classroom. 拿;取 吃;喝;服用 Take this medicine three times a day. take 乘(车;船等) They usually take the bus to work. 花费(时间;金钱) It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 【拓展】take 构成的短语: take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one‘s time 不急;慢慢来 take one‘s temperature 量体温 6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。 【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......‖ Please write to me the minute you get there. 38 【解析2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面 in front of There is a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】 in the front of 指在物体内部的前面 Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】 The driver sat ________________ the car. The policeman stood ___________ the car. 【注意】有the无the区别大: at table 吃饭;进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病) 【解析3】come over 过来 【拓展】 come 短语: come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务～ 39 【解析】all the time = always 一直;总是 【拓展】与time相关的短语: on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time同时 form time to time偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时 time and time again 一再;经常 last time上次 next time 下次 I knew it was impossible for me __________(按时上班) when I missed the last bus. Tom didn‘t go to school _____ this morning because he overslept. A. at once B. on time C. by accident D. at present 8.I‘m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累～ 【解析】as...as ... 和......一样...... 【注】比较级倍数表达句型为:倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as之前的musician， 故 谓语使用单数 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。 【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人(主语) 也不” ? neither两者都不 neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ? 表达“…也不……” 则用 ―Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主‖ 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。 【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 40 【注】find ? found ?found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很…… ?find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。 【解析】in surprise 惊奇地;吃惊地 surprise v 使吃惊?surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 ?surprised adj. 吃惊的 to one‘s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 12. “ I‘m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.‖ I replied. ―对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。‖ 我回答说。 【解析1】need v 需要 用于肯定句，是实义动词。 (1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词 (1)needn‘t = don‘t have to 没有必要 (2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn‘t — Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t 【解析2】share 分享;共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物 13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗, 41 【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起 14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗, 【解析】pass ?v 给;递;走过;通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students. ? v 通过;路过 I pass your home. ? v 通过(考试) ;及格 Tom can pass his math exam. 15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗, 【解析】borrow /lend/keep (1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】 borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library. (2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesn’t want to lend his book to others. (3)keep 保留，保存(延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用) 【指借一段时间】 【记】 I want to __________ a bike from my friend but he didn‘t ____ it to me, because Tom had _____ it for two days. 16. I cut my finger and I‘m trying not to get it wet. 我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。 【解析】try (not) to do sth努力(不)做某事。 try v 试图，设法，努力 42 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】 (4)try one‘s best to do sth= do one‘s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。 【解析】hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗, 【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。 ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事 ask构成的短语: 短语 含义 ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 ask for help 寻求帮助 19.I‘ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。 【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事 43 【解析2】while conj. “在……期间; 当……的时候” While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。 Sally took a photo of her friends while they ___ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。 【注】help v 帮助 ? helpful adj. 有帮助的 (1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 (2)with the help of sb.=with one‘s help在某人的帮助之下 (3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下 Unit3 Could you please clean your room? Section B invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗, 1. Could I 【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地 【解析】invite v ? invitation n邀请 (1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 (2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 2. No, you can’t have a party. 不， 你不能举办聚会。 【解析】can‘t 不能;不会 3. I don‘t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。 【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make ? made ?made v. 做， 制作， 使得 44 (1) make sb/sth + 形容词 ―让某人或某物…‖ make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 【make短语】: make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话 make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽) make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends (with)和..交朋友 make room for给..让地方 make tea沏茶 make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑 4. They don‘t have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。 【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空 5. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。 【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 waste v ―浪费‖ waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱 6. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。 【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费...... spend/pay/cost/take 花费 (1)spend?spent?spent v 花费,主语是人 45 ? sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ?sb. +spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth ?spend on= pay for 支付 He spends too much time on the computer games. (2) pay ?paid ?paid v 支付，主语是人 ?sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book. (3) cost? cost? cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 ?sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ____ me 120 yuan.A. paid B. take C. cost D. spend (4)take?took ? taken v 花费 takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 ?It It takes him 3 hours to do his homework. 【解析2】in order to ―目的是;为了‖ 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事 【解析3】get into =enter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语: get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会 get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关:(be asleep睡着) 46 —So many problems! I‘m tired. 7. Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there‘s no need for them to do it now. 而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。 【解析】get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析: ? get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer. ? become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder. ?go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿 8. It is the parents‘ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。 【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 provide v 提供 provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物 相当于:offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. provide 为应急等做好准备而provide sb. with sth. “提供; 供给‖ =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予‖ offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干 某事 47 supply 定期“供应‖ , 强调替代Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提 或补充所需物品 供某物 9. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。 【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开) 10. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。 【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的 11. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。 【解析】depend on 依靠;信赖 12. ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。 【解析1】 do one‘s part 尽职责;尽本分 Do one‘s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责 【解析2】keep +sth /sb. +adj. ―使......处于某种状态‖ keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy. 实义动词 “保持;继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working (2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I‘m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 48 13. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。 【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识 develop v?development n 发展?developing adj. 发展的?developed adj. 发达的 a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家 14. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their art in keeping it clean and tidy. p 既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。 【解析】since conj. 既然 (表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首) 14. Our neighbor‘s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。 【解析】take care of 照顾 【拓展】与take相关的短语: take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take medicine服药 take place发生 take one‘s temperature量体温 take one‘s time别着急 take a walk散步 15. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。 【解析1】as a result 结果 (插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开) 49 【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡 16. The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。 【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ” Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 重点短语 go out for dinner 出去吃饭 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 go to the movies 去看电影 get a ride 搭车 work on 从事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 clean and tidy 干净整洁 do the dishes 洗餐具 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地 make your/the bed 整理床铺 clean the living room 打扫客厅 no problem 没问题 welcome sb. 欢迎某人 come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家 throw down 扔下 sit down 坐下 come over 过来 take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 all the time 一直;总是 all day/evening 整曰/夜 do housework 做家务 shout back 大声回应 walk away 走开 .share the housework 分担家务 a comfortable home 一个舒适的家in surprise 惊讶地 get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 watch one show 观看一个节目 hang out 闲逛 pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 do chores 做杂务 help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事 bring a tent带顶帐篷来 buy some snacks买些小吃 go to the store去商店 invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 enough stress足够的压力 waste of time浪费时间 in order to为了 get good grades取得好成绩 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 depend on依赖;依靠 develop children‘s independence发展孩子的独立性 50 look after/take care of 照顾;照看 do one‘s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事 二、重点句型 1. Could you please…..do sth. ? Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗, 2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。 3. Could I+ do sth. ? Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗, 4. She won‘ t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。 6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V . 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。 + ( to do/ doing) sth. I hate to do chores. 7. hate Unit 4 Why don‘t you talk to your parents? Section A 1. Why don‘t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢, 【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢, 【拓展】用于提建议的句型有: (1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样, (2)Why don‘t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢, (3)Let‘s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗, (5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗, (7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗,(8)Would you mind doing sth,你介意做某事吗, 51 【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用: ? Good idea./ That‘s good idea. 好主意 ?OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 ? Yes, please ./ I‘d love to 是的/ 我愿意 ? I agree with you 我同意你的看法 ? No problem 没问题 ?Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 ?Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想 (2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用: ? I don‘t think so 我认为不是这样 ?Sorry, I can‘t 对不起，我不能 ?I‘d love to, but… ? I‘m afraid…我愿意，但恐怕…… 2. I have to study too much so I don‘t get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。 【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework (3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold 【解析2】so conj. 因此 (表示因果关系，后面跟表示结果的句子，不与because同时使用) 3. My parents don‘t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。 【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允许 allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don‘t allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 【拓展】allow与let的辨析: 52 allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”， allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。 Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。 4. What‘s wrong? 怎么啦, 【解析】What‘s wrong( with sb./ sth) (某人/物) 怎么了, 5. I‘m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。 【解析】until 直到......时 6. Why don‘t you go to sleep earlier this evening? 今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢, 【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作) 7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。 【解析】look 看起来 (系动词，后跟形容词作宾语) 【拓展】:系动词:后跟adj. 作表语 一是:(be) am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静 二保持:stay/keep (表示持续状态) stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 三变化:become/get/turn (表示状态变化) 五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉) 8. You ____ call him up. 你____ 给他打电话。 【解析】call up (v + adv) call on 拜访;号召 I call up my parents every Sunday. 9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。 53 【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. 类似动词:hear，watch, see, feel 【解析2】look through 浏览 【拓展】与look相关的短语: look for 寻找 look after=take care of照看look like看起来像 look the same看起来一样 look over检查,复习 look through温习,检查look out小心,从里向外看 look up向上看,查单词 look around环视 look forward to期望 10. Yes, but I‘m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。 【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气 【拓展】angry adj. 生气的? angrily adv. 生气地 sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】 (1)be angry with sb. =be mad at (2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气 【记】 My father was very __________(对……生气)his computer. 11.Although she‘s wrong, It‘s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。 【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。 【注】though / although 不能与but连用 【拓展】although/however辨析 ?although conj，“虽然;即使;纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。 Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。 ? however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首 54 或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。 It‘s raining hard, However, I think we should go out. 雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。 【解析2】It‘s not a big deal. 没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中) You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。 【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。 【解析1】hope v 希望 hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句 (表示希望) I hope that you‘ll be better soon wish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin. wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go. wish +that 从句 表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you. 【解析2】work out 解决;成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。 计算出(答案、数量、价格等) The math problem is too difficult for me to work out 制定出(计划等) I have worked out a new way of doing it. work out 解决;找出…的答案 The government has many problems to work out. 55 13.My problem is I can‘t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。 【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏 14.When they argue, it‘s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。 【解析1】argue 争吵 ?argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论 argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩;反对 He argued against the plan —He looks unhappy today. —Let‘s . A. cheer him up B. help out him C. look him after D. argue with him 【解析2】 hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上 hang out 闲逛;常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop. hang on to 紧紧抓住 You‘d better hang on to me in the crowd. hang up 挂电话;悬挂 After she finished her conversation 15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. 【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill. 56 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语 elder 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。 older 【记】 My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister. 【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好be friendly to sb.be good to sb. 16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。 【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事 17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 相反，他却想看什么酒看什么， 一直到深夜。 【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替 (1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。 Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。 (2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中 instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。 She wrote to him instead of calling him=She didn‘t call him. She wrote to him instead. 她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。 【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一 18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。 【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 【拓展】offer v 主动给予 (1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 57 (2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物 19.Secondly,why don‘t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢, 【解析1】secondly adv.第二;其次 【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流;沟通 communicate with sb. 和某人交流 They communicate with each other by QQ. 20.You should explain that you don‘t mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。 【解析】explain 解释;说明 ? explanation n 解释;说明 explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事 21. I‘m worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。 【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事 【拓展】worry v 担心 ? worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心 22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 我堂弟借我东西没有还我。 【解析】return ?v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给...... ? v 回来;返回 = come back Unit 4 Why don‘t you talk to your parents? Section B. 58 1. My parents give me a lot of presure about school. 我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。 【解析】press v 按;压 ?pressure压力 ?不可数名词 (物理学)压力 air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压 ?不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下 2. I have to compete with my classmates at school. 在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。 【解析】compete v竞争;对抗 ? competition n 竞争 compete with sb. 和某人竞争 compete against/ with 与……竞争 compete for 为……参加比赛 3. You should all be ___ each other to improve. 你们都应该互相____ 而全面发展。 【解析】improve =make ... better 改进 ?improvement n 提高 4. Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。 【解析】opinion n 意见;想法;看法 in one‘s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来 give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。 5. These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes . 目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。 【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes 【口诀】:分开是一段， 合起是某时; 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时 (1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 59 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 (2) sometime adv 在某个时候， (3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍‖ Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer. (4)sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词) 6.Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动， 这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。 【解析】 others pron. ―其他的人或事物‖ There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。 7.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。 【解析1】Thy Taylors 泰勒一家 。 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。 The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday. 【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of “是……的特点” 8. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children‘s future.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。 【解析】cut out 删除;删去 (v+adv) You‘d better cut out that sentence. cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断(水、电)供应 9. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。 【解析】successful 成功的 succeed v 成功，达到 ?success n 成功?successful adj 成功的?successfully adv成功地 ?succeed in doing sth 60 10.It‘s time for homework.该写作业了。 【解析】It‘s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It‘s time for lunch. It‘s time to do sth It‘s time to go to school. 11. In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kidsget older. 在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。 【解析】continue 继续;持续 【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事) 【拓展】continue，go on, last辨析 ?continue v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停 止后继续进行。 He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。 ? go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。 go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事; go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。 After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons. 做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。 ?last v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续 一段时间。 She won‘t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。 12.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。 【解析1】send? sent ? sent v 发送 61 【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 【注】类似的动词有:show (展示; 给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer(提供) return (归还) tell ( 告诉) 【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的 【拓展】kind (1) n 种类 kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种 (2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 【辨析】kind of 与kinds of: 1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词: ? He is kind of thin.‖他有点瘦‖ I feel kind of hungry.‖我有点饿‖ Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。 2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。 ? That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。 What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动, 13.Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。 【解析】have time to do sth 有时间做某事 14. And they are always comparing them with other children. 她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。 【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较 62 (1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较 (2) compare…to… 把…..比做…… 15.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child‘s development. 医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。 【解析1】be good for 对......有好处 【拓展】good ( better ; best) adj. 好的 ? goodness n 好处;善行 ;美德 be good for 对….有益处(反) be bad for对…有害处 be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事 be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好 【记】The boy is good ______me .He is good ______English , and he tells me oral practice is good ______improve spoken English. 【解析2】development 发展 16.Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. 爱丽丝. 格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。 【解析】 cause v. 造成，使发生 (1) cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事(2) cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦 【拓展】 cause, reason, excuse辨析 ?cause n.原因，指引起某种结果的“原因”，后接介词of. The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他开车开的太快。 ?reason n.理由，原因，指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。 The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn‘t want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议。 ?excuse n.辩解，借口，指对某种行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以是托词。 63 He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。 17.In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to ... 我认为， 对于孩子们/父母来说， ......是重要的。 【解析】in one‘s opinion 以某人的观点; 在某人看来 18. Perhaps children/ parents should / could ......或许孩子们/父母应该/ 可能....... 【解析】perhaps 也许;可能 【拓展】perhaps，probably，possibly，maybe辨析 ?perhaps意为“也许，可能”，一般指比较小的可能性。 Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure. 也许我后天去看他，不过我不能确定。 ?probably“很可能，大概”，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。 He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。 ?possibly意为“可能，或许，也许”，可能性较大。 I‘ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你，不过也可能是明天。 ?maybe“或许，大概”，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中，语气比perhaps轻。 Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。 19. It‘s crazy. 这是疯狂的。 【解析】crazy. adj. 不理智的;疯狂的 (在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语) be crazy about 对……着迷;热衷于…… I‘m crazy about football. 20.Does Cathy Taylor think it‘s important for kids to join after-school activities? 凯西. 泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗, 【解析】It‘s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如:easy ,difficult, hard ,important等， 64 须用介词for 【形容物，用for】 It‘s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth. 【注】 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如:good ,kind ,nice, wrong等， 用介词of。【形容人用of】 21. keep on happening 持续发生 【解析】keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上 keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开 Unit 4 Why don‘t you talk to your parents? 一、重点短语 1. have free time有空闲时间 2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛4. after-school classes课外活动课 5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6.until midnight直到半夜 7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多 9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事 17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with 和睦相处;关系良: 19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩 21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直 26. in future今后 27. make sb. angry使某人生气 65 28. worry about sth. 担心某事 29. copy one‘ s homework 抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己 31. family members 32. spend time alone独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动 37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one‘ s opinion 提出某人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力42. cut out删除 二、重点句型 1. I studied until mid night last night so I did n ?t get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don 't you forge t about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢, 3. Although she ‘ s wrong , i t ' s not a big deal. 虽然她错了 •但这并不是什么大事儿。 4. H e should talk to his friend so that he can say he‘s sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。 6. I guess I could, b u t I d o n ‘ t w a n t to surprise him. 我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。 单元语法 一、情态动词should与could的用法 should的用法 should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变 化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn‘t。 Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。 could的用法 66 情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原 形，其否定形式为couldn‘t。 My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. 我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。 You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。 ( ) The girl_____ read before she went to school? A. Could B. Couldn‘t C. Should D. May 解析:此题考查情态动词。表示过去的能利用could,故选A。 二、状语从句 状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。 1.until引导的时间状语从句 until意为“直到;在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。 Until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里 如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到„„时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到„„才„„”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 The young man read till the light went out. Let‘s wait until the rain stops. We won‘t start until Bob come Don‘t get off until the bus stops. Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。 I didn‘t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 67 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。 2.so that引导的目的状语从句 so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。 注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。 Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 让我记下你的号码，为的是以后好打电话给你。 3. although引导的状语从句 although的用法意思相当于though(尽管，虽然)，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不 能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 ? Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. 尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。 Although he was tired, he went on working. ? Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已，却赢得了头等奖 Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? Section A 1. What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么, 【解析1】过去进行时 过去进行时态 ? .用法:?过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。 ?过去某段时间正在发生的动作 68 I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。 ? .与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示 ? 过去进行时的构成:was\were +现在分词 ? 过去进行时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn‘t. 特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night? ? 过去进行时的固定句型 Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ?请比较 He watched TV last night. (过去时间last night, 用一般过去时) He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时) 【解析2】 at the time of 在...... 的时候 (常用于过去进行时) 【解析3】rainstorm n 暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop雨滴 2. My alarm didn‘t go off so I ___ up late. 我的闹钟没有响，因此我____晚了。 【解析1】alarm n 闹钟 an alarm clock 一个闹钟 69 【解析2】go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 ，离开 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了 【短语】 go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳 3.I ____ for the bus when it began to rain heavily. 当天开始下大雨的时候我__ 公交车 【解析】heavily adv 在很大程度上 heavy adj. 沉重的 How heavy are you? heavily adv 沉重地 The army lost heavily 形容风大的时候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard 【注】heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有: hungry 饥饿的 hungrily happy 快乐的 happily angry 生气的 angrily lucky 幸运的 luckily 4. I ___ to the bus stop but I still missed the bus. 我____ 向公共汽车站但还是错过了公共汽车。 【解析】miss v ?错过 (后接名词、代词或动车ing) Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus. ?想念;思念 ? n 用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写，“小姐;女生” 5.I called at seven and you didn‘t pick up. 70 我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接。 【解析】pick up 接电话 接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didn‘t pick up pick up 捡起;拾起 I pick up a wallet on my way home (开车)接某人 I will pick you up at the station 学到;获得 He was picking up the skills quickly. 6. That‘s strange. 真奇怪 【解析】strange adj. 奇怪的 ?strangely adv奇怪地 ?stranger n 陌生人 be strange to 对……感到陌生 strange 奇怪的 It‘s strange that she came to the party. 陌生的 He stands in a stranger street. 7. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮， 让人感觉这是在午夜。 【解析1】with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语 with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open 【解析2】feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事 8. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area. 电视新闻报道，这个地区有一场大暴雨。 【解析】report v 报道 ? reporter n 记者 make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报 give a report 作报告 It‘s reported that… 据报道 9. so ,when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing? 那么，当暴风雨突然来临的时候，你正在做什么呢, 71 【解析】so 的用法: 无实际意义，表示惊讶或领会，引出后面内容 做语气词 So, you were the first one to enter the classroom. so so + adj./ adv ―如此……‖ 作副词 The book is so interesting. so + adj./adv +that 从句 He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him. 作连词 so + 从句 “所以“ I was ill yesterday, so I didn’t go to school. so that +从句 “以便，为了……‖ I fixed the TV so that we can watch it tonight 10.I see .I called again at eight and you didn‘t answer then either. 我八点钟又给你打电话， 你也没有接。 【解析1】I see . 我知道了。 (表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解) 【拓展】 see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事 see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 【解析2】either 也 72 【辨析】also /too/as well/ either (1) also 也，用于肯定句句中， 用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 (2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末 11.Ben‘s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working . 本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。 【解析1】while当......的时候 【解析2】make sure确信; 确保 make sure to do sth Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave make sure of Do you know the time of the train? You‘d better make sure of it. 【解析3】work 运转;发挥作用 The madicine doesn‘t work. 【拓展】work有三个意思很容易弄混: ? 表示“工作”，是不可数名词: He has too much work to do. 他要做的工作太多。work ?worker ?. 表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数: He has read many of Hemingway‘s works. ? 表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义: The glass works(=factory) is [are] near the station. 玻璃工 厂在车站附近。 12. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the 73 windows. 当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。 【解析1】.beat与win辨析 ,beat，比赛、竞争对手(如人或球队等) ,,战争, 获胜，赢得,,win，奖杯、奖牌,,,,比赛、游戏,, We beat them by the score of 2 to 1. 我们以2:1赢了他们。 Which team won the football match? 哪个对赢了那场足球赛, 【解析2】heavily 在很大程度上;大量地 adv 猛烈地 【拓展】heavy adj. 重的(反) light ? heavily 【注】形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard 【解析3】 against 倚;碰;撞 ?表示―反对”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词 strongly: Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?你对这个计划是赞成还是反对 ?表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等: The teacher‘s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上 13. Ben could not sleep at first. 起初，本睡不着。 【解析】 at first 首先;最初 【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始 【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】 (2) first of all 首先，第一 【表明陈述事情的重要性】 14. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m 74 在大约凌晨三点逐渐减弱的时候，本终于睡着了。 【解析1】 fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着 【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析: (1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态， (2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态 (3)go to bed 上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作。 【记】 He went to bed at ten last night , but he didn‘t go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours. be asleep 强调睡着的状态 The baby is asleep fall asleep 强调入睡的动作 My father was so tired that he fell asleep quickly 【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别。 ?fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡;睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡 着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。 ? sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。 He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon. 他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。 ? go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。 I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。 ?get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。 75 She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。 ?go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。 The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。 【解析2】 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 【拓展】die down与die out的用法区别: 指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。 die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程; die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。 die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。 die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。 This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。 15. When he woke up. the sun was rising 当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。 【解析1】wake up (v+ adv) 醒来;睡醒 【解析2】rise 增加;提高;增强;上升，升起 rise 升起;上升 主语自身移向较高位置 Price rose gradually raise 举起;提高 主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Let‘s raise our glasses to Tom. 16. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere. 到处都是倒下的树，破碎的窗户和垃圾。 【解析1】过去分词做定语 fallen leaves 落叶 【解析2】 everywhere 处处，到处;各个地方 76 词条 含义 用法 例句 everywhere 处处;到处;可用于任何句式 We have many friends everywhere in 各个地方 the world somewhere 某个地方 多用于肯定句中 You can go somewhere you like to. anywhere 任何地方 否定句 You can‘t go anywhere 疑问句 Can I go anywhere I choose 17. They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neigh hood together. 他们加入到邻居们中，一起打扫社区。 【解析】 join 加入;参加 【辨析】join/join in/take part in (1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。 join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部 ? join in 后接活动名称 ? join sb. 加入到某个人群之中 (2) take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。 18. turn on the radio 打开收音机 【解析】turn on 打开(反)turn off 关掉 19.When we got to the place of the accident, the car was in bad shape from hitting a tree. 当我们到达事故现场的时候，看到汽车由于撞在了树上，已经变了些。 【解析】get to 到达 get ? got? gotten v 得到 【辨析】get/ reach/ arrive get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点 77 get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚 Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? Section B. 1. What event happened at the school yesterday? 昨天学校发生了什么事, 【解析】 happen 发生;碰巧(指偶然性发生) (1) happen v ―发生‖没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性 a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 What happened to you?=What was wrong with him? b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened ________(be) out when we called. (2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生 The sports meeting took place in our school last week. (3) It happened that…碰巧 2.Kate realized her bag was still at home. 凯特意识到她的包还在家。 【解析】realize v 意识到 ? realize + n she didn‘t realize her mistake. ? realize +从句 I didn‘t realize that you were so unhappy. 3. Robert Allen is now over 50 , but he was a school pupil at that time. 罗柏特。艾伦现在已经50多岁了，但那时候他还只是一名小学生。 【解析】 over= more than 超过 4. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school. 当学校 78 篮球比赛开始的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。 【解析】 make one‘s way to … 在某人去……的路上 (当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to) 5.Our teacher said, ― Dr. King died just 10 minutes ago. 我们的老师说:“金先生10分钟前去世了” 【解析】一段时间+ ago 之前，用于一般过去时 6. We were completely surprised! 我们完全震惊了～ 【解析】complete v 完成 adj. 完整的 ?completely 彻底地;完全地 Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. 7.My parents did not talk after that , and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 之后我的父母没再讲话，我们在沉默中吃完了晚饭。 ―其余的，剩下的‖ , 【解析】 the rest of … 做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。 The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard. 8. School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence. 学校停课一天，罗柏特和他的朋友们沉默地走回了家。 【解析】silence n 沉默 ? silent 沉默;缄默;无声 in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默 9. More recently , most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. 最近，大部分美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子 袭击的时候自己在做什么。 79 【解析1】remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。 ?remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事还未做) Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。 ?remember doing sth记得做过某事(此事已做完) I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯了。 【解析2】take down 拆掉;拆毁 【解析3】terror n 恐怖 ? terrorist 恐怖分子be full of terror充满恐怖 【拓展】 art n 艺术? artist n艺术家 science n 科学? scientist 科学家 piano n 钢琴 ?pianist n 钢琴家 10. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. 我很害怕以至于后来我几乎无法正常思考。 【解析】hardly 几乎不; 绝不 11.Robert and his friends were surprised to hear the news. 罗柏特和他的朋友们听到这则消息感到很吃惊。 【解析1】be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊 【拓展】surprise v 使吃惊?surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 ?surprised adj. 吃惊的 to one‘s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 【解析2】hear的用法 hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。 【结构】:hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事; hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事 We can often hear some children play on the playground. 80 我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。 I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back. 当我回来时，我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。 hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。 ?hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。 I have heard about/of the story before. 我以前就听说过这个故事。 ?hear from意为“收到.......的来信;有.......的消息”，=get/receive a letter from. I haven‘t heard from my mother for months. 我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。 12. Kate didn‘t think her friend was telling the truth about the event. 凯特认为对于这次事件她朋友没有说出真相。 ? truly adv. 真地 ?truth 实情;事实 【解析】true adj. 真的 to be truth n. 真相honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说;说实话 13. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid. 后来由于害怕我无法清晰地思考。 【解析】trouble n 困难; 苦恼; 忧虑 ?in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 ?What's the trouble with you ?= What‘s the matter with you ?= Wha‘t wrong with you ?你怎么啦, ?have trouble (in)doing sth 做某事有麻烦 ?have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 81 一、重点短语 1. make sure 确信;确认 2. beat against... 拍打… … 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟 7. break.. . apart 使……分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当.......时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话 14. bring... together 使……靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区 16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 走路经过 20. make one‘s way to. 在某人去……的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件 23., for example 例如 24., be killed 被杀害 25., over 50 5 0多(岁) 26. a school pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播 28., in silence 沉默;无声 29., more recently 最近地;新近 30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31., take down 拆除;摧毁 32., have meaning to 对……有意义 33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34., at first 首先;最初 二、重点句型 1. — What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚8 点你在干什么, — I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。 2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。 82 3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么, — While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。 语法难点 过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成 过去进行时有“was/were+动词-ing”形式构成。以动词work为例，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式以及简略答语见下表: 肯定式 否定式 I/He/She/It was working. I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were working. We/You/They were not working. 疑问句 简略答语 Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not Were you working? Yes, I was No, I was not Yes, she/he/it was No, she/he/it was Was she/he/it working? not Yes, we/you/they were Were you/we/they working? No, we/you/they were not 【注意】was not常缩写为wasn‘t;were not常缩写为weren‘t. 2过去进行时的用法 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上 下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语表示。 —What were you doing this time yesterday.你们昨天在这个时间做什么, 83 —We were having a class.我们在上课。 状语从句 本单元我们接触了when和while引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句的引导词有很多，常见 的有: 引导词 例句 when当......的时候 The army was disbanded when the war came to an end. 战争结束时，军队即被解散 while在.....期间 I lived in a hostel while I was a student. 我求学期间住在招待所里 before在.....之前 I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in. 我在进门前把鞋子在垫子上擦了擦。 after在...........之后 I found your coat after you left the house. 你离开房子之后，我发现了你的外衣。 as当........的时候 He smiled as he passed. 他路过时笑了笑。 since自从 Since his wife died,he‘s just let himself go. 自从妻子死后，他就变得不修边幅了。 until直到...... Let‘s wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停了吧。 【注意】since引导的从句多用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。如: She has worked in the factory since graduated from the university. 她大学毕业以后就一直在那一家工厂工作。 84 85