秋菊打官司的法律反思

秋菊打官司的法律反思 法律意识的觉醒, --《秋菊打官司》的法律反思 摘要:秋菊，一位普通的乡村妇女，为讨说法不辞艰辛依次到县里、 市里申诉。最终结果却与她的期望相反。这一部带给我们的， 不仅是文艺上的享受，更多的是深思。思考秋菊的法律意识， 考究当代人的法律意识，涉及了法律意识薄弱的讨论以及普法 的相关内容。 关键词:法律意识 讨说法 人情 法律效率 法治 正文: 故事发生在中国西北的一个小山村里面。秋菊的丈夫王庆来因承包地的事与村长发生了争执，被村长一脚踢中了要害，导致卧伤在床无法劳动。秋菊于是找村长要求道歉遭到拒绝。在李公安调解下村长同意赔偿，但态度傲慢把钱丢到地上。秋菊不服，依次上诉到县公安局和市公安局，无果，在严局长帮助下委托了律师走上司法程序。年三十晚，秋菊难产，最终在村长帮助下才顺利产下一名男婴。本想就此不再计较，却在男婴满月的那天，警车到了村庄，将村长带走了。追着警车，秋菊只剩一脸茫然。 我们不禁想问，谁错了,秋菊的丈夫被村长踢了，心里一直想要个说法，这是她心里最质朴的渴求，她没错。各公安局或者公安做的调解，是对村长面子的处处照顾，最终是对公家和私家双重利益的小心维护，反映的是“村长的面子”对中国行政体制运作和基层秩序维 [1]护的双重意义，也没错。法律不近人情，公正判决，将伤人的村长disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand 依法拘留，也没错。只是当这些都纠结在一起时，人情出现了，便出现了差错。秋菊一路坚持讨要说法，即使大腹便便依然带上家里的辣子去卖，到县里、市里去上诉，似乎她已经知道用法律来保护自己的利益。但是当她追着警车时的茫然便可知道，她对法律并不了解，更何谈用法律保护自己的意识,而即使在秋菊“讨要说法”的过程中，人情社会的影子依然十分浓烈。 首先，秋菊不理解案件的性质，也不清楚司法程序。本来村长踢人了导致了轻伤，只是单纯的民事案件，可以通过调解来解决。不管是李公安还是县公安局的判决，秋菊一直不服，终于在严局长的帮助下走上了诉讼的道路。当法医经过鉴定后，将事件定位为刑事案件，性质因此升级。程序也开始变得繁琐。而秋菊对此一无所知。在帮助之下，秋菊找到了吴律师，吴律师答应全权负责此案，秋菊虽疑惑但还是接受。到后来，秋菊原谅了村长，但当初的诉讼仍未撤销，法院宣布了判决，警车依然来到了村庄，把村长带走了。对程序的不清楚使她以为原谅不原谅村长只在于说法讨到了没有，故在村长帮了她以后便决定不再提起此事，殊不知程序已经启动了，但她没有料想过结果，也没去阻止。要是秋菊知道案件的性质之分，或许她也有权以第三人的身份或是代表自己丈夫，提起这样的民事诉讼，其结果正正是 [2]她想要的赔礼道歉。其次，秋菊不了解律师的职业，也不完全信任律师。当她讨说法一直讨到律师那儿。在见到吴律师后，秋菊有一百个疑问，犹豫再三，出门之后犹豫再三，仍推门进去，她还是那一句话:“我乡里、县里、市上都跑了一个冬天了，都没个说法，我到你disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand [3]这里来，你就能给我一个说法了,”最终的认可也是十分勉强。 接下来的便是交织在故事发展中的人情。我国在长期的历史进程中是一个人治的社会，社会上处处都是人情。所谓出外靠朋友。有人情的帮助，什么事都可以变得方便简单。在秋菊那个贫困的小山村更是如此。秋菊打官司很大程度上不是法律意识强化的表现，她打官司只是为了“讨个说法”，维护自己的“面子”，而村长之所以不道歉也是因为“面子”的缘故。李公安也好，局长也好，他们那些“公家人”在调解的时候，也往往顾全到了面子，因为对于他们而言，面子就是权威，即使是村长这些小的干部，也是需要的。人情一级级传递，直到严局长建议秋菊走诉讼道路才到了头。因为法律是不讲人情的。等到村长救了秋菊，秋菊便忘记了当初的恩怨，热情邀请村长来喝满月酒而把诉讼的是抛诸脑后，这也是人情，她心里还没有法律这个意识。法律意识的缺失使得最终的“说法”与秋菊的意愿背道而驰。 回到我们现实中来，秋菊其实只是我们中某一个的缩影，有的人往往没比秋菊有更多法律意识，甚至还不如那么多年前的秋菊。若干年前的海珠桥跳桥事件便是印证。从农村来到广州打工的农民工，被老板诈骗、拖欠工资。苦苦追索无果，迫于无奈上海珠桥想要自杀，而事实确是想要得到媒体的关注，通过媒体来表达自己的诉求。深入了解过后才发现，他们未曾试过走法律的道路。只是单纯地在工地制造干扰，在公司闹事，法律意识之淡薄让人唏嘘。在农村里边这样的事情更多。甚至还有人包庇犯了罪的亲人。我国实行以法治国走到了现在，似乎仍存在很多需要加强的地方，其中一项便是法律的普及。disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand 可以看见的是，法律的普及有一定效果，但仍远远不够。人们总是抱着一副漠不关心的态度对待发生在别人身上的悲剧，轮到自己时却又手足无措，不知如何、向何处表达诉求。这便是普法要做到的一大任务。数据显示，以农民工为例，电视、广播、报刊、杂志这些传统媒体仍然是农民工获取法律知识的主要途径和手段，占到了被调查人数的54.64%;通过法制宣传橱窗获取法律知识的农民工占到了总数的25.24%;以互联网为载体获得法律知识的农民工只占到了总数的 [4]1.6%。故宣传法律知识的方式便值得加强。 既然普法已有一定成果，那么是否民众都有一定的法律意识，并勇于拿起法律武器保护自己的合法利益呢, 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ，却是不一定。虽知法律的存在于作用而不敢去用，不可谓之具有法律意识。而知法而不用法者，原因有三。 其一，法律效率。诉讼的效率性价值要求司法审判加快处理案件的速度，效益性价值则强调诉讼过程应尽可能地节省诉讼成本，防止 [5]诉讼成本大于诉讼收益。法律效率的高低是人们决定是否采用法律途径的重要参考之一。生活中我们有这些案例，有些女性被歹徒强暴，因畏惧名声的破坏而不敢报案把歹徒绳之于法，因为名声的破裂对于她们而言是莫大的成本。又或是消费者权益被侵害，因担心走法律手段太麻烦、时间太长而决定放弃投诉商家，私下获得赔偿，导致下一个受害者的出现。 其二，法律援助。目前我国进行司法体制改革，目的是建立社会主义现代化的法治国家，保障人民群众的合法权益。因此在进行司法disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand 体制改革的同时，也要进行配套改革，以切实保障当事人进行诉讼的 [6]机会与权利，其中完善法律援助制度只重要的内容。完善法律援助，有利于帮助向秋菊一样的社会弱势群体。这项制度对于农民特别是经济困难、无钱诉讼的农民来说，显得特别重要。它使农民的权利得以维护，充分体现社会公平、正义，体现法律面前人人平等。我们应大力发展这一制度，不断加强法律援助机构建设，切实为农民利益服务。不少农民工即使有意去执起法律武器，但却因其高昂费用而却步。法律援助则是对他们极好的帮助。 其三，人情社会。事情的解决往往通过走侧门，而非法律这条光明大道。当收到侵害时，明明可以用法律的武器去回击，有的人害怕事件曝光以后会被报复，选择大事化小或是忍气吞声。事件的态势往往没有想象中的简单，一旦走上例如法律诉讼的道路，就必然会在一定的区域内引起反响。而反向的效果不可估量，当事人也不确定能否承受得住。或是碍于情面，日后或许还要相见;或是碍于日后尚要合作，等等。 由此可得，莫说秋菊，即便是现代的人，也并非真正拥有法律意识。除去法学专业或是司法、律师行业的人，又有多少个是了解现行法律的呢,忘了在哪处可得到的法律宣传册，又有多少人取阅过,从我自身觉得，法律离我很近，因为它常在耳边提起，各种各样的修订版，各种各样的领域，我却连其中的一条的大概都说不上;法律离我很远，因为它是我间接地不知通过多少次地“被”代表后制定，修订出来的。相信对很多人来说，法律就像一部字典，需要的时候去查阅，disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand 你只要想起有这么一部字典，里边的条文可用，就足够了。对于我们，或许不仅需要知道它的存在，还应该关心我们的司法程序是怎么一回事，关注法律的修改内容是否符合时代的要求，或是抽空去听听法官是如何进行审判，了解司法机关的职能，这样对我们的法律意识才是莫大的培养。法律是不近人情的，这正好与我们传统的人情相对立。但是它们既对立又统一。最终，秋菊始终没有要到她想要的说法。一方面，不论是会扼杀了“救人的村长”的法治，还是会姑息“打人的村长”的人治，都不是秋菊想要的政治。另一方面，传统的人治也好，现代的法治也好，都没能给受了欺负但又得了救的老百姓一个他们想要的说法，也没能给欺负了人但也救了人的官员们一个他们应得的处理。 如今的法治社会，人治不再，人情依旧。法律意识将会是什么形态，每个人或许会有不同的答案，但是我们都必须都有法律意识。 参考文献: [1] 村长的困惑:《秋菊打官司》再思考2011年02月22日 [2] 村长的困惑:《秋菊打官司》再思考2011年02月22日 [3] 含泪的微笑 ——《秋菊打官司》之法律思考 吴园妹 2010-12-10 [4] 北京宣武区农民工法制宣传教育调查报告杨振秀 刘晓京 [5] 《法律基础》P349 [6] 《法律基础》P376 disease, and endocrine bone disease According to the professional future work in selected non-specified sections (including Pediatrics, Neurology, etc) Web (you can select a Department). ? Pediatric rotation learn: awareness ... ? complete schedule 3 to the technical operation and the writing of the report. Basic skills requirements: disease/operation name cases (times) number (?) actual demonstrates Ray protection principles 5 times radionuclide generator leaching drug operation 5 times shows trace agent of Mark 5 times 131I sucking iodine rate determination 5 times kidney function (kidney figure) determination and the report writing 5 times participation 131I treatment hyperthyroidism calculation dose participate in body outside analysis experiment (best put from) in Guide Xia participate in SPECT operation thyroid explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 times 5 times 10 times 5 cases bone explicit like prepared, and collection, and report 5 cases static myocardial explicit like prepared , Collection, reporting 2 cancer FDG Imaging preparation, acquisition, reported 5 cases of pulmonary perfusion Imaging prepare, collect and report 2 cases of cerebral blood flow perfusion image preparation, acquisition, reported 2 cases of note: the number of prescribed diseases and can be adjusted depending on location and the hospital, but the total number and number of disease should not be reduced. (B) the 13th to 24th month (second phase) according to trainees and training base for clinical circumstances, arrangements to continue in our rotation or to the relevant clinical Department rotation. 1. training objective: (1) expand