[分享]任务型阅读解题技巧

[分享]任务型阅读解 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 技巧 “任务型阅读”解题技巧和案例 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 武进区横山桥高级中学 刘海鹏 2008年江苏高考英语新题型“任务型阅读”一揭晓，许多学生感觉无从下 手，甚至许多一线老师也感觉一时难以适应。因此，如何快速、有效地了解和掌 握任务型阅读，适应考试的新变化，成为广大师生关注的焦点。在经过认真研读 《江苏08高考英语科目考试说明》和深入研究该题型命题规律的基础上，结合 具体教学实践，笔者总结出一套比较成熟、科学的解题 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。下面结合《江苏0 8高考英语科目考试说明》中的示例1说明任务型阅读的解题方法和技巧。 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当 的单词。 Traveling on the Information Superhighway In the early 1900s, few people outside of the governments and universities had ever heard the term Internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy(初期). Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an e- mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look. Technology has become a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. The internet is often called the “information superhighway”. That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshopper. in addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications: electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd(精明的) man named Ray Tomlinson. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1971. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP (the top row of letters on a keyboard). As a result of Tomlinson’ s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper. However, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be received by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people---so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn’t say in front of a crowd. 第一步，认真审题，明确题目具体要求 。 示例1对所填单词的来源没有特殊限制，只要是符合题意和上下文“最恰当” 的单词。 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当 的单词。 也就是说，完全可以从原文中直接获取。也可以使用文章中出现的词汇。 第二步，观察题目，尽量获取有效信息。 任务型阅读答题时间为15分钟。对于大多数考生来说，要在15分之内完成 这样一个“读写型”综合能力考查题还是有一定困难的。因此，考生一定要注意 提高答题效率。有了这些有效信息和对文章整体结构和中心思想的了解，剩下的 只要根据每个空格所在句子中的关键词，有的放矢地到原文找答案就是了。大大 提高了答题效率，选词填空的范围大大缩小，难度也就大大降低了。 通过观察，题目是以文章结构图呈现的，我们可以快速、清楚地了解到以下几点信息: 主干标题The Internet告诉我们，这篇文章主要说明因特网功效和好处; 分支结构表明，文章中举出一些事例说明因特网功效和优点; 文章最后也提到了因特网带来的问题。 第三步，仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形，提高填词的准确性。 任务型阅读在题目设置过程中，提示句的提炼十分精要，所包含的信息量很大。因此，根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直接根据短语搭配填出答案。当然，笔者并不提倡贸然填词，还是要在看完文章确认之后再下结论。例如样题中各词的词性分别是: (1)动词原形(vi);(2)动词原形(vt) ;(3)名词;(4)名词;(5)形容词; (6)动词原形(vi);(7)名词/动名词(8)介词/动名词(vt); (9)形容词;(10)形容词 在了解所要填写词的词性和词形之后，我们选词的范围就大大缩小了。在原文中找到相关信息后，具体填词或表述时，就不容易出错了。 第四步，快速阅读文章，有目的地查找相关信息，按照要求规范答题。 快速浏览的重点和目的应当是，带着审题时对文章大意和结构的了解以及所获得的问题，以最快的速度到文章相应的位置中搜寻有效信息。 浏览文章时，不要过多考虑某些词句的意义，更不必进行细致的语法分析。和欣赏文章不同，我们阅读文章材料的最终目的是解决问题、完成答题任务。所以只要对答题没有太大影响，即使文章中有些词句看不明白也没多大关系。除非某些句子所包含的内容直接影响对文章主旨大意的理解或者对空格填词有重要作用，否则就不需要在这些方面花太多时间。 需要注意的是，有些题目可以在原文中直接找出;有些需要在分析原文句子的基础上，结合题目特殊要求，填写出相关的不同词性的派生词、同义词或近义词等等;有些则需要推理;还有些需要进行归纳总结或转述句子，在不失原意的基础上把答案正确表述出来。 例如，第(3)题原文第4段就明显给出答案Thanks to e-mail。而第(1)题题目设置是The Internet enables us to (1)__________ in a new way.。所要填写的是一个不及物动词的原形。原文表述:In addition to information, the Inter net also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication.。我们需要将原文名词communication改为动词形式communicate即可。这样填词精确到位、符合题意。 【参考答案】 (1)communicate;(2)exchange;(3)e-mail;(4)way;(5)higher; (6)contact;(7)common(8)Despite;(9)careful;(10)private 最后，认真检查，仔细复核校对，认真仔细地填好答案。 完成所有答题之后，还需要再次快速读完文章，注意校对各题的答案。查看各题答案是否前后对应，确保与原文无矛盾，同时查看文中是否有疏忽的重要线索。复读检查是做阅读理解题过程中很重要的一环，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，发现错误、遗漏及时补充，确保万无一失。 此外，要检查书写是否工整、清晰。将最终答案填到答题卡上之前，先在草稿纸上打草稿。任务型阅读时主观题，要求考生将自己所学的指示和文章中的信息整合起来，并按要求用书写的形式表达出来。任务型阅读的阅卷 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 也将会非常严格。因此考生一定要注意书写正确、工整、容易辨认。如果在经过了一番努力后好不容易得出答案之后，却因为最后没写清楚或者出现笔误而丢了分，那不管前面花了多少工夫也白费了。 任务型阅读解题 2010高考说明(英语)在对“任务型阅读”的解释中给出了2篇示例，树状形，表格形。该题型主要考查了学生三个方面的能力:捕捉信息能力，组织信息能力，综合概括信息能力。虽然说明中给出的图表形式和答题要求不同，但是我们可以发现在所给出的10个空格中，捕捉信息题(细节，词法)占5个，组织信息题(语境、句法)3个，综合概括题2个，因此，信息的捕捉是重点。如果在教学过程中训练得当，英语基础较弱的学生得到高分也不是没有可能。以此题为例，谈一谈任务型阅读的解题策略。 一、看图表(Read) 二、读文章(Scan) 三、找细节(Find) 四、填单词(Fill) 在填写单词的过程中提醒学生一定要细心，同时鼓励学生在填写单词的过程中，在文章的内容中划出该题在文章中的出处，这样做有两点好处。一方面为学生最后的检查提供线索，另一方面，由于出现的范围涵盖整篇文章，因此有助于学生发现到没有出题的文本部分，出题不可能仅限于文章的某几个段落，学生在做题过程中如果发现其他段落没有划出相应的出题点，那么这些部分就更容易发现答案。 五、再检查(Check) 由于学生考试时间的仓促，再加上最后一题作文给学生带来的心理影响，学生很容易忽视对答案的再检查。检查主要包括3个方面:1、大小写2、语法检查，重点是看动词的形式是否用错，是-ing，-ed还是原形，是否需要双写;3、词汇检查，拼写是否有错。 信息概括题也是学生失分较多的地方，在日常教学过程中可以归纳一些单词给学生，如起因类:cause, reason，方式类:solution, measure, way, means, 观点类:view, opinion, attitude, advice, suggestion, tip, instruction. 对比类:advantage, disadvantage, difference, similarity, 结论类:conclusion, result, consequence, 意义类:meaning, significance, importance等等。以上这些还不够，在平常的做题的过程中鼓励学生多收集，多整理，完善自己的词汇库。 总之，通过任务型阅读，可以发现对核心语法的再梳理不能忽视，动词、 非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句是重点，同时要让学生继续加强 对单词的巩固和记忆，强调记忆的准确性，争取避免学生熟悉的单词拼写错误。 “任务型阅读”解题技巧和案例分析 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单 词。 Traveling on the Information Superhighway In the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy(初期), Back then if you said to someone, “Send me an e-mail with directions to your house.” All you would have received is a puzzled look . Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible. The Internet is often called the “information superhighway.” That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers. In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd(精明的)man named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP ( the top row of letters on a key-board). As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper. However, there is one big disadvantages when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn’t say in front of crowd! The internet The internet offers information to us. The internet enables us to (1) in a new way. We can The internet is Thanks to (3) , we can keep in touch with others (2) often called wherever we are. information the It has It has also enables us (8) the throughout “information changed to exchange advantages, we the world, super (4) information at (5) should (9) because the high-way”, of talking. speed than traditional when internet can because vast Through it, communicative using it. connect amount of we can talk methods. Within a Because it may millions of information with our short time, it lets us not be (10) computers. travel over it. students in (6) if someone has London mother person who has access to our about the internet in (7) . receivers’ weather It also helps us to send computer. experiment. information without leaving home. 第一步，认真审题，明确目具体要求 。 示例1对所填单词的来源没有特殊限制，只要是符合题意和上下文“最恰当”的单词。 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 也就是说，完全可以从原文中直接获取。也可以使用文章中出现的词汇。 第二步，观察题目，尽量获取有效信息。 任务型阅读答题时间为15分钟。对于大多数考生来说，要在15分之内完成这样一个“读写型”综合能力考查题还是有一定困难的。因此，考生一定要注意提高答题效率。有了这些有效信息和对文章整体结构和中心思想的了解，剩下的只要根据每个空格所在句子中的关键词，有的放矢地到原文找答案就是了。大大提高了答题效率，选词填空的范围大大缩小，难度也就大大降低了。 通过观察，题目是以文章结构图呈现的，我们可以快速、清楚地了解到以下几点信息: 主干标题The Internet告诉我们，这篇文章主要说明因特网功效和好处; 分支结构表明，文章中举出一些事例说明因特网功效和优点; 文章最后也提到了因特网带来的问题。 第三步，仔细分析提示句(空格所在句子)，判断所填词的词性、词形，提高填词的准确性。 任务型阅读在题目设置过程中，提示句的提炼十分精要，所包含的信息量很大。因此，根据句式和语法结构来分析提示句能够使我们很容易的推导出所填词的性、形、数。这对精确填词、准确表述有很大帮助。有时甚至可以不看文章，直 接根据短语搭配填出答案。当然，笔者并不提倡贸然填词，还是要在看完文章确认之后再下结论。例如样题中各词的词性分别是: (1)动词原形(vi);(2)动词原形(vt) ;(3)名词;(4)名词;(5)形容词; (6)动词原形(vi);(7)名词/动名词(8)介词/动名词(vt); (9)形容词;(10)形容词 在了解所要填写词的词性和词形之后，我们选词的范围就大大缩小了。在原文中找到相关信息后，具体填词或表述时，就不容易出错了。 第四步，快速阅读文章，有目的地查找相关信息，按照要求规范答题。 快速浏览的重点和目的应当是，带着审题时对文章大意和结构的了解以及所获得的问题，以最快的速度到文章相应的位置中搜寻有效信息。 浏览文章时，不要过多考虑某些词句的意义，更不必进行细致的语法分析。和欣赏文章不同，我们阅读文章材料的最终目的是解决问题、完成答题任务。所以只要对答题没有太大影响，即使文章中有些词句看不明白也没多大关系。除非某些句子所包含的内容直接影响对文章主旨大意的理解或者对空格填词有重要作用，否则就不需要在这些方面花太多时间。 需要注意的是，有些题目可以在原文中直接找出;有些需要在分析原文句子的基础上，结合题目特殊要求，填写出相关的不同词性的派生词、同义词或近义词等等;有些则需要推理;还有些需要进行归纳总结或转述句子，在不失原意的基础上把答案正确表述出来。 例如，第(3)题原文第4段就明显给出答案Thanks to e-mail。而第(1)题题目设置是The Internet enables us to (1)__________ in a new way.。所要填写的是一个不及物动词的原形。原文表述:In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communication.。我们需要将原文名词communication改为动词形式communicate即可。这样填词精确到位、符合题意。 最后，认真检查，仔细复核校对，认真仔细地填好答案。 完成所有答题之后，还需要再次快速读完文章，注意校对各题的答案。查看各题答案是否前后对应，确保与原文无矛盾，同时查看文中是否有疏忽的重要线索。复读检查是做阅读理解题过程中很重要的一环，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，发现错误、遗漏及时补充，确保万无一失。 此外，要检查书写是否工整、清晰。将最终答案填到答题卡上之前，先在草稿纸上打草稿。任务型阅读时主观题，要求考生将自己所学的指示和文章中的信息整合起来，并按要求用书写的形式表达出来。任务型阅读的阅卷标准也将会非常严格。因此考生一定要注意书写正确、工整、容易辨认。如果在经过了一番努力后好不容易得出答案之后，却因为最后没写清楚或者出现笔误而丢了分，那不管前面花了多少工夫也白费了。 英语高考任务型阅读专练四篇 A How to Make the Most of Your Time Time management is important in our daily life. There never seems to be enough hours in the day to accomplish all you need to do. Here are some tips that might be of some help to you. 1. Set up a plan. Go for a week at a time, and decide the most important ones. Include things you want to accomplish. Focus mostly on the things that are important to you. 2. Control your stress. No matter what kind of pressure mounts on you, try to keep cool. Stressing out can lead to an early breakdown, which is definitely counter-productive when you have a list of things to do. It's easier to take a 10-minute break and cool off than to work all week with stress. 3. Shut your door. When working under a schedule, perform your important tasks with your door shut to get them done. This will ensure a better quality time to get what needs to be done, done. 4. Focus on one thing at a time. Forget trying to multi-task! You will lose concentration, and it will take you longer to accomplish what you set out to do. 5. Just say "no." If you are constantly interrupted, and you really don't have the time to help out, just say "no." You're only one person, and you can't save the world by yourself! 6. Stop wasting time on the phone. While talking on the phone, keep your conversations short, and to the point and you'll waste much less time. 7. Be realistic. You can only do what you can do. Don't set out to accomplish the impossible. Do your best, but keep realistic expectations of yourself. 8. Relax. The most important thing is remember to take time to relax, and regroup. You need a break every now and then to keep working efficiently. Even if it's a 10-minute walk, get away from your list and get refreshed. As families today get busier and busier, it's important to your own mental health to keep things on track. Don't delay; get your life in order now. Theme: How to Make the Most of Your Time There is some , First of all, make a plan for the things you are __2__ to __1___ on how to do. make full use of time , However much pressure you bear, you should try to keep cool; otherwise you will __3__ down sooner or later. , You’d better be __4__ to your tasks with your door closed in order that you can get them done ___5___. , Try one thing at a time so that you can __6___ on it. , You can refuse to help others without enough time in order that you can ___7___being interrupted , Make a brief talk on the phone so as not to ___8__valuable time. , You should not __9___ too much of yourself; it’s better to do what you can do . , It’s important for you to make yourself ___10___ in daily life. B How to grow old Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue(过分的) absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is mot always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. The other thing to be avoided is depending on youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them. I think that a successful old age is easy for whoever has strong impersonal interests involving a proper activity. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be excised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are not capable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children . In that case you must realize that while you can still render(补偿) them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them sweaters, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved a lot, the fear of death is not reasonable. The best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal. Title: How to grow old Theme: How to spend a successful old age Two __1___ things in old , Don’t be overly __3___ in the past memories, in age regrets or in sadness. , Avoid depending on youth in __4___ of sucking vigor from its vitality. After growing up, children ___5__ like to live their own lives. Two ___2____ to a , Having strong impersonal interests involving an successful old age __6___ activity . a. Experience is really fruitful . b. Wisdom can be excised without being oppressive. c. You should be __7____ about children, or they won’t enjoy your ___8___. , Being brave to be ___9___ with death. a. There is nothing to fear because old people have experienced joys and sorrows in life. b. The best way to overcome fear of death is to __10____ wide interests. C I don’t believe that there is a secret for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of different factors. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are another seven factors that are also important. Knowledge Knowledge is one of the key building blocks of success. You can try out the foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge. Natural talent Some people are born with a quality to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying different activities. The things you do with little effort are likely near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with hard work leads to greatness. Clear goals Much like a trip, it’s easier to get where you want to go if you know where you’re going. Keep your goal in mind, and then take actions to move towards it. Passion A desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that you’ll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on different areas and see what job you are fit for. Great effort Hard work is another key to finding success. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing --- Practice is one big key. Luck Luck also plays an important role in success --- sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can in order to increase “luck”. Support Along with luck comes support--- the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than block you. A partner telling you that you can do this will go a lot further than a partner telling you you’ll never make it. Theme Success is the result of __1__ many different factors Positive attitude It is one of the most important factors for success. Rich knowledge is one of the key building blocks Knowledge of success. Therefore , you should _ 2__ a good foundation in the area where you hope to be__3__ Natural talent People of __4__ are more likely to succeed in their career than ordinary people. Clear goals Clear goals contribute to ___5___ your dream. Passion Passion and natural talent play the __6__ role in The finding success. Great Being __7___ is another key to finding success . Elements effort In order to succeed ,you should practice as __8__ as possible. of Luck Many strong personal ___9__ can improve your luck. Success support A partner who often encourages you is better _10_ than a partner who discourages you . , The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm(领域)of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition(直觉) and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms. Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters. So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesn't allow us to flip(翻转) through it and see what's coming up. We may think we're giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes. Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street." More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress. How Television Changes Childhood? Main comparisons Contexts Homes used to be isolated from the ___2___realm. Distance between ___1__and the outside. Homes nowadays are __3__to the outside world. In the past, children might learn __4__about the outside world with the help of parents and ___5___. Media through which children can obtain More information is got directly through TV and information other electronic media, which breaks down the __6___ between adult world and the child world. Traditionally, kids could only knew what they should learn at their age, carefully___8___by their _____7___ of the information children get parents. Everything can possibly be known by children, including many aspects of _____ life. Effects on family education Families are now under greater stress than before. Parental instruction Adults are anxious about being parents and faced with new __10_____. A KEY: 1. advice 2. supposed 3. break 4. devoted/dedicated 5. efficiently 6. concentrate/focus 7. avoid 8. waste 9. expect 10. relaxed B KEY: 1. dangerous 2. approaches 3. absorbed 4. hopes 5. would 6. appropriate 7. concerned 8. company 9. faced 10. develop C KEY: 1. combining 2. lay 3. successful 4. talent 5. realizing/living 6. same 7. diligent/hardworking 8. often / much 9.contacts 10. received , , 1. Homes 2. public 3.connected 4.indirectly 5.books 6.difference 7. Content 8. decided/ chosen 9.adult 10. challenges 【参考答案】 (1)communicate;(2)exchange;(3)e-mail;(4)way;(5)higher; (6)contact;(7)common(8)Despite;(9)careful;(10)private 对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试，考生要做到以下几方面要求: 1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。 2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。 3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。 4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题;又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。 根据以上要求，通过对近年来高考英语试题的研究分析，我们就不难总结出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构，一般来说，阅读理解题型 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ，大致可以分为以下几种题型: A.事实询问题;B.推理判断题; C.数据推算题;D.识图解意题; E.主旨大意题;F.常识题。 那么，根据以上六种题型的设计，如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢,我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤: 首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。 其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。 要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。 下面，根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出几点解题建议: 事实询问题 此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。 做好这类题的要领是:1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。 推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问: What can you conclude from this passage, What's the auther's attitude towards..., We can infer from the passage that……. Which statement is(not) true, 这就要求考生首先在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 数据推算题 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时: 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 识图解意题 此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时，要求学生一定要: 1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。 2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。 3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。 主旨大意题 此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如: What is the main idea of this passage, What does the passage maily talk about, What does the writer want to tell us, 另一类为标题问题。 如:Which tittle is the best tittle of this article, 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。 经验常识题 此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括:社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。