汽车保险英语翻译

汽车保险英语翻译 Estimating for Automobile Repair ????Collision estimating guides (also callde sollision manusls or crash guides)are the single most important tools used by damage report writers appraisers.The Mitechell Collision Estinmating Guide,published by Mitchell International Inc.,and the Motor Crssh Estinmating Guide published by the Hearst Corporation are the two most popular estimaating guides in use today.They contain vital crash and repair information on both domestic and import passenger cars,vans,and light trucks. ????Publishers constantly update and reissue their guides to keep abreast of changing prices,revised Labor hours,and new and discontinued components.With up to sixteen updates per year for current models,it si important for all involved in the industry to use the most up_to_date manuals when compiling and comparing estimates.The guides list the OEM parts prices and information for the past seven or eight model years.Early model guides are also available for vehicles up to fourteen years old. ????As mentioned earlier,publishers strive to organize their manuals in a logical,easy-to-use manner.Although slight difference exist between manuals,information is generslly first divided by vehicle year and vehicle model.Within each of these divisions information is then categorzed under majior assemblies(such as the bumper or hood) or major syetems (such as the air conditioner,heater,or exhaust).An expoded-view illustration of the assembly or syetems shows the reative position of the parts and gives their industry-accepted names and manufacturer??s reference numbers.The parts in the exploded views are keyed to the priceing and flat rate labor allowances that accompany each illustration. ????It is important to remember that the flat rate Labor hours provided by the manuals gives times for the removal and replacement of new and undanmaged parts on undamaged vehicles are vital.But actual Labor hours needed to remove heavily damaged parts or parts frozen rust or corrosion may vary. ????It is impossible to establish accurate Labor hours for all operations.Jobs such as transferring brackets,braces,reinforcements,or ornaments from old to new parts vary in difficulty depending on the particular job.Removing undercoating,retoring corrsion protection,and filling or plugging unneeded holes on new parts are other examples of labor allowances not included in the published Labor hours. ????A full listing of times not included in published Labor hours is given in the collision estimating guide.Guides also do not list any Labor hours for the straightening or repair of frame,sheet metal components or pastices.Labor allowances for these repairs are noninclded operations are determined through experience and careful calculation of all factors involved.Reaching an agreenment concerning nonincluded labor allowances is often the most difficult part of shop/adjuster negotiations. ????Part prices listed in the manuals are for new OEM parts.Glass listings give both the manufactuer??s and Nationl Auto Glass Specifications(NAGS)PART NUMBERS AND PRICES. ????Individual crash guides also include most,if not all,of the following: ????* Detailed step-by-step instructions on how to use the guide effectively. ????* Definition of the terms used in the guide. ????* Guidelines for compiting Labor hours for overlapping operations. ????* Abbreviation expalannations. ????* Guidelines for vehicle identification,including how ro interpret vehicle identification numbers(VUNs) ????* Cooling capacity information. ????* Underhood diagrams. ????* Conversion tables for quickly determining labor prices. ????* Secioning information(when available fron OEM). ????* Listing of part numbers that can be interchanged between related models. ????It is easy to see why damage report writers and appraisers must be totally familiar with the information in the most up-to-date guides.It is provided to make your job easier.Unfortunately one of the most common compplaints about incompetent adjusters and facility personnel is the inability to use the conllision estimating guides. ????The information in the guides also serves as the data base gor most compiterized estimating programs.Computerized estimating vastly reduces the time needed to prepare a damage report. It also reduced the likelihood of math errors, omitted opertions and inaccurate overlap computation. ????Warning:verbal,nonwritten estimares should never be made.They often lead to misunderstandings that generates custimer dislotalty and possible legal action. ????2.The Estimator??s Tools ????The estimator needs several tools when making an analtsis of damage. Here is a list of the basic equipment required to complete a thorough damage analysis: ????1) The estimator will need some method of recording information.Depending on the extent of damage the estimator can simply use anote pad and pencil, or the danmage can ben verbally recorded on a rape recorde and transcribed later.Those with access to a computerized estimating program can use computer-generated exploded parts illustrstions and estimating workesheets or even enter parts codes into a hand-held computer. ????2) The estiimator needs manufacturer??s parts lists and specification sheets to assist in the identification of parts and in the measuring of critical dimensions. ????3) Measuring tools are essential to accurately analyzing damage.A tram gauge and a twelve-foot steel tape with both metric and fractionl-inch(SAE) dimensions are necessary.Most manufactuere??s specifications are given in the metric syetem. ????4) The estimator must have at his or her disposal a lift or jack and suppor srands to raise the vehicle. In all but the very light collision damage, it is necessary to perform underbody visual inspections and measurements. ????5) The estimator should have at hand common mechanics hand tools,such as wrenches for disassembly and removal of parts on a vehicle that might be bostructing should also be accessible in the setimating area.