英语从句语法

英语从句语法 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, that, which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如: This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which。例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况: a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that。例如: What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that。例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间，其先行词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 六、which 和 as 在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆 的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换: (1)通常as 可以放在整句的句首，而which 只能在逗号 之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可 做宾语。 As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature. She is remarkable, as I have told you . (2)which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先 行词，指前句整个的意思，如:She has warried again, which surprises us. 七、all that 和 what 在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what，what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如: All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place. = What I know is that he has... 【专项训练】 1.Football ______ is a very interesting game , is played all over the world. A.that B.which C.it D.who 2.Is there anything else ______ you require? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it 4.He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.who C.it D.that 5.The realway tunnel, through ______ the train goes, will be completed soon. A.which B.that C.it D.whom 6.His uncle works in a factory ______ bicycles are made. A.that B.which C.where D.there 7.There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that 8.Next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown is coming. A.which B.that C.when D.where 9.Next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown is coming. A.which B.that C.when D.where 10.I often thought of my childhood, ______ I lived on a farm. A.which B.where C.when D.who KEYS 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C