外贸常用术语之发盘

外贸常用术语之发盘 发盘(Offers)通常是以广告，传单，信件或回应询盘的方式发出的。 定义:交易的一方为了销售或购买一批商品，向对方提出有关的交易条件，并 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示愿按这些条件达成一笔交易，这种意思表示的行为称作发盘。 通常由卖方提出，也可由买方提出(又称作递盘)。 在国际贸易实务中，发盘也称报盘、发价、报价。法律上称之为“要约”。发盘可以是应对方询盘的要求发出，也可以是在没有询盘的情况下，直接向对方发出。一般是由卖方发出的，但也可以由买方发出，业务称其为“递盘”。 发盘可以分成两类:实盘(Firm Offer)和虚盘(Non-firm Offer)。 二者的区别一定要清楚，因为不仅是它们的表达方式不同，更重要的是它们的法律效力是不一样的。 实盘是发盘人承诺在一定期限内，受发盘内容约束，非经接盘人同意，不得撤回和变更;如接盘人在有效期限内表示接受，则交易达成，实盘内容即成为买卖合同的组成部分。 一个完整的实盘应包括明确肯定的交易条件，如商品名称、规格、数量、价格、支付方式、装运期等，还应有实盘的有效期限并应明确发盘为实盘。 虚盘是发盘人有保留地表示愿意按一定条件达成交易，不受发盘内容约束，不作任何承诺，通常使用“须经我最后确认方有效”等语以示保留。 撰写: 发盘因撰写情况或背景不同，在内容、要求上也有所不同。但从总的情况看，其结构一般包括下列内容: (1)感谢对方来函，明确答复对方来函询问事项。如Thank you for your inquiry for… (2)阐明交易的条件(品名、规格、数量、包装、价格、装运、支付、保险等)。如:For the Butterfly Brand sewing machine, the best price is USD 79.00 perset FOB Tianjin (3)声明发盘有效期或约束条件。如:In reply we would like to offer, subject to your reply reaching us before… (4)鼓励对方订货。如:We hope that you place a trial order with us 执行条件 一项法律上有效的发盘，须具备四个条件。 1( 发盘是向一个(或几个)特定受盘人提出的订立合同的建议。 (注意概念上要与“发盘的邀请”相区别)普通的产业广告、商品目录、价目单等不能构成有效的发盘，因为没有特定的对象，而只能视做邀请发盘。 英美法系中规定:向公众作出的商业广告，只要内容明确，在某些场合下也视为发盘。 大陆法系中规定:凡向公众发出的商业广告，不得视为发盘。《公约》持折中态度，如带有“本广告构成发盘”或“将售予最先支付货款的公司”等字样也视为发盘。 2(发盘的内容必须十分确定，一旦受盘人接受，合同即告成立。如果内容不确定，即使对方接受，也不能构成合同成立。 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 3(发盘人须表明承受按发盘条件与对方成立合同的约束意旨。 例如: (1)使用表示发盘的术语。如“发盘”、“不可撤销发盘”、“递盘”、“不可撤销递盘”、“订购”、“定货”等。 (2)明确规定有效期。“(((限XX日复到有效” 包括内容 一项发盘，通常包含商品的品质、数量、包装、价格、交货、付款等六个主要方面的交易条件。《公约》第十四条规定“(((一个建议如果表明货物并且明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为十分确定。” 如此来看，一项发盘只要包含商品的名称、数量、价格这三个条件，就算完整。 邀请发盘 注意:若发盘中带有保留条件和限制性条件，如“仅供参考”“以我方最后确认为准”“为未售出为准”这样的发盘都不构成发盘，而只是邀请发盘。 4.发盘必须送达受盘人。 根据《公约》规定，发盘于送达受盘人时生效。如发盘由于在传递中遗失以至受盘人未能收到，则该发盘无效。 一个建议如果内容不十分确定，或没有表明承受约束的意旨，或不是向一个(或几个)特定的人发出的，则此建议可看做发盘的邀请。 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 形式 一项发盘须充分了解商品的货源、生产成本、及有关仓储、运输、保险等情况后，同时还应了解国外市场的有关信息，最后以最为对方易于接受的语句(或发盘程序)进行发盘。 有效期 1(发盘在传达到受盘人时生效。 2(发盘可以规定最迟接受期限。 3(发盘可以规定一段接受期间。 撤销办法 《公约》第十六条规定: (1)在未成立合同之前，发盘得予撤销，如果撤销通知于受盘人发出接受通知之前到达受盘人。 (2)但在下列情况下，发盘不得撤销: a(发盘表明接受发盘的期限或以其他方式表示发盘是不可撤销的; b(受盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的，而且受盘人已本着对该项发盘的信赖行事。 接受有效接受、有条件接受、逾期接受、撤回接受、 有效接受 构成一项法律上有效的接受的条件为: 1(接受必须由发盘所指定的接受人作出。 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 2(接受必须表示出来。 3(接受必须与发盘条件相符。 4(接受必须在发盘有效期限内送达发盘人有条件接受 《公约》第十九条(2)款规定:对发盘表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的答复，如所载添加或不同条件在实质上并不改变发盘的条件，除发盘人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其差异外，仍构成接受。 逾期接受 按一般原则，逾期接受不能作为一项有效接受。但是如果发盘人同意并通知受盘人，则逾期接受属有效接受。如果逾期接受不是受盘人造成的，发盘人若不及时反对，逾期接受可成为有效接受。 撤回接受 根据《公约》规定，接受得予撤回，但撤回通知必须于接受原应生效之前或同时，被送达发盘人。接受于接受通知送达发盘人时生效。要撤回接受，必须于接受生效之前撤回，接受生效后，合同已经成立，所以接受是不能撤销的。 格式 所谓发盘就是主动报价，但该报价相当于是一个完整的简易合同，即该报价中包含这么几个要素:商品名称、规格或型号(如果有)、贸易术语、单价、数量、交货时间、交货数量、付款条件等，如果要严谨一些的话，还应该有报价的有效期限，无需什么特定的格式。 注意事项 约束力 发盘具有法律约束力。发盘人发出发盘后不能随意反悔，一旦受盘人接受发盘，发盘人就必须按发盘条件与对方达成交易并履行合同(发盘)义务。 因此，同询盘相比，发盘更容易得到受发盘人的重视，有利于双方迅速达成交易。 但它也因此缺乏必要的灵活性。发盘时如果市场情况估计有误，发盘内容不当，发盘人就会陷入被动。 发盘人在做出发盘前必须弄清上述问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。如果发盘，必须对发盘价格、条件进行认真的核算、分析，确保发盘内容的准确，以免陷于被动。 生效时间 公约规定发盘在“到达受盘人时生效”。公约的这一规定，对发盘人来讲具有非常重要的意义。这种意义主要表现在发盘的撤回和撤销上。 发盘的撤回。发盘的撤回是指发盘人在发出发盘之后，在其尚未到达受盘人之前，即在发盘尚未生效之前，将发盘收回，使其不发生效力。由于发盘没有生效，因此发盘原则上可以撤回。 对此公约规定:“一项发盘，即使一项不可撤销的发盘都可以撤回，只要撤回的通知在发盘到达受盘人之前或与其同时到达受盘人。” implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 业务中如果我们发现发出的发盘有误即可按公约的精神采取措施以更快的通讯联络方式将发盘撤回(发盘尚未到达受盘人)。如:以信函方式所做发盘，在信函到达之前，即可用电报或传真方式将其撤回。 发盘的撤销。发盘的撤销指发盘人在其发盘已经到达受盘人之后，即在发盘已经生效的情况下，将发盘取消，废除发盘的效力。 在发盘撤销这个问题上，英美法国家和大陆法国家存在着原则上的分歧。公约为协调解决两大法系在这一问题上的矛盾，一方面规定发盘可以撤销，一方面对撤销发盘进行了限制。公约第16条第1款规定:“在合同成立之前，发盘可以撤销，但撤销通知必须于受盘人做出接受之前送达受盘人”;而公约第16条第2款则规定:“下列两种情况下，发价一旦生效，即不得撤销: 一，发盘中已经载明了接受的期限，或以其他方式表示它是不可撤销的。 二，受盘人有理由信赖该发盘是不可撤销的，并已经本着对该项发盘的信赖行事”。 公约的这些规定主要是为了维护受盘人的利益、保障交易的安全。我国是公约的缔约国，我国企业在同营业地处于其他缔约国企业进行交易，一般均适用公约。因此，我们必须对公约的上述规定予以特别的重视和了解。 有效期 发盘有效期是发盘人受其发盘约束的期限。 国际贸易中，发盘有效期有两种表现形式:明确规定有效期限、采用合理期限。 前者不但很少发生争议而且还可促进成交，使用较多，但不能撤销; 后者容易产生争议，但在对方没有接受前可以撤销。采用何者，应视情况，不能一概而论。 明确规定有效期时，有效期的长短是一重要问题，有效期太短，对方无暇考虑，有效期长，发盘人承受风险也就大。适度把握有效期长短对交易双方都很重要。当事人必须根据货物、市场情况、双方距离以及通讯方式不同合理确定。一般说来，发盘有效期以3,5天和明确有效期的起止日期和到期地点最为适宜。 终止 发盘终止指发盘失去效力。发盘终止有以下情况: *因受盘人拒绝而失效;若受盘人在拒绝后又在有效期内表示接受，发盘人也不再受其约束。 *因发盘人有效撤回或撤销自己的发盘而失效; *因规定的接受期限已满而失效; *因“合理期限”已过而失效; *因政府禁令。有关部门国家政府突然颁布禁止进出口该发盘中的商品的法令; *因在发盘接受前，双方当事人丧失了行为能力，或死亡，或法人破产。 交易中，不论哪种原因导致发盘终止，此后发盘人均不再受其发盘的约束。 实盘 firm offer 即有约束力的发盘。 指发盘人(发价人)对接受人所提出的是一项内容完整、明确、肯定的交易条件， implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 一旦送达受盘人(即接受人或称受发价人)之后，则对发盘人产生拘束力， 发盘人在实盘规定的有效期内不得将其撤销或加以变更。 表明发盘人有肯定订立合同的意图。 如果受盘人在有效期内无条件地接受，就可以达成交易，成为对买卖双方都有约束力的合同。 特点: 对发盘人具有约束力，发盘人没有任何保留条件，所列的必要交易条件必须肯定。 成立的三个条件: 1.内容必须是完整和明确的; 2.内容必须是肯定的，无保留条件的; 3.实盘必须规定有效期限。 内容: 包括 货物品名、品质规格、包装、数量、价格等。 (正确的货物名称，详细的品质规格、实在的数量、完备的价格条件和支付条件、准确的装运时间和装运港口等等。) 条件: (1)形式条件 在实际业务中，发盘一般都附有表示意旨的有关术语，如“发盘”、“递实盘”、“发实盘”等字样。如该发盘系实盘通常都应注明“发实盘”的字样。 (2)时间条件 实盘应明示其有效期限。如“发盘限本月25日下午4时复到”，就表明该项实盘在其有效期限内受其约束，过期失效。 (3)实质条件 实盘应具备的交易条件，即商品的名称、品质、数量、价格、包装、交货、付款等。而且以上交易条件的表述用此、词必须明确。不能有“大约”、“估计”、“可能”等语。 注意事项: 实盘的有效期。 作为一项实盘都有一个有效期限。 对此，一种是在实盘中明确具体地规定了收盘人接受的有效期限; 另一种在实盘中无明确规定，而是根据惯例在合理时间内有效。 1) 明确规定了有效期限的实盘: 如在实盘中明确规定了有效期限，收盘人必须在此规定的期限内接受才有效。但各国法律对此的解释不同，因此在中国进出口业务中避免纠纷，一般采用规定具体的有效期限的实盘，并明确以收到接受的时间为准的办法。 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 2)在合理的时间内为有效期限: 凡在实盘中未明确规定具体的期限，可参照国际贸易习惯，应理解为收盘人在“合理的时间”内接受有效。但对合理时间各国均无无明确的解释。由于各国解释具有很大随意性，容易引起纠纷，因此在中国出口业务中较少采用这一形式。 头发盘必须立即接受:凡是口头洽商，在一方发盘时，如双方时接受的期限并无约定，应视为立即接受有效。 实盘的失效: 按照国际贸易的习惯和规划，一项实盘遏有下列情况之一则立即失效，发盘人不再受该项实盘的约束。 1)过期:一项实盘巳满期，该盘即失效。受盘人过期接受，发盘人不受约束，合同不能成立。 2)拒绝:如果收盘人对一项实盘明确表示拒绝，该项实盘立即失效。 3)还盘:在国际贸易中一项，还盘是对原发盘的拒绝，一经收盘人作出还盘，原发盘也随之失效。但注意，重新表示接受，在此情况下，即使该项接受是在原发盘的有效期限内，发盘人不受约束，除非接受通知早于拒绝或还盘到达发盘人，或发盘人表示同意者外。 实盘的撤销 对此各国解释不同。1980年通过的《联合网国际货物销售合同公约》对实盘在其有效期内能否撤销作如下规定: 在未订立合同之前，发盘得予撤销，如果撤销通知于受盘人发出接受通知之前送达受盘人。 但在下列情况下发盘不得撤销: a.发盘写明接受的期限或以其他方式表示发盘是不可撤销的; b.受盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的，而且受盘人已本着对该项发盘的信赖办事。 虚盘 是发盘人所作的不肯定交易的表示.凡不符合实盘所具备的上述三个条件的发盘,都是虚盘.虚盘无须详细的内容和具体条件,也不注明有效期。它仅表示交易的意向,不具有法律效力。 出现下列一类的词句者,皆为虚盘: -Without engagement. 不负任何责任. -subject to prior sale 有权先售 -All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated. 所作报价,除特别注明外,须经我方确认后方能生效. -Our offer is subject to approval of export licence. 出口许可证准许签证,我方报价才有效. 虚盘与实盘的区别 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical 1)虚盘意思表示一般很含糊，没有一个肯定的表示，如“中间价格”、“数量可能不会太多”等; 2)虚盘的合同要件包括商品的品质、数量、交货期、价格条款及支付方式等一般不齐全; 3)有些报盘虽然意思明确，要件齐全，但带有一定的保留条件，也属于虚盘，如“以我方最后确认为准”、“以我货未先售出为准”及“仅供参考”等 虚盘的特点 第一，虚盘的发盘人不受虚盘的约束，发盘人不承担完全按照发盘内容签约的义务; 第二，可以根据市场的变化，挑选有利的成交时机和最好的贸易伙伴，以取得较为有利的卖价; 第三，可以不必有完备的内容和有效时期的规定， 第四，成为较为灵活自由，附有保留条件，并可以用术语“以最后的确认有效”或“我方有权先售”等。以免收盘人只要接受就必须成交的义务。 虚盘的缺点 收盘人往往把虚盘看成是一般业务联系而不予重视，因而，不利于达成协议。 虚盘的作用 虚盘的主要作用是: 试探对方的交易诚意; 吸引对方向我方递盘或订货; 可以为我方保留对交易的最后决定权。 如何识别实盘与虚盘 一般从买家查询的内容，就能判断出来哪些是实盘，哪些是虚盘。应该重点处理那些针对性很强的、可以称得上是实盘的。对于无价值的虚盘，要敢于果断舍弃。 如果以为每个询盘都是要向你买货未免过于天真。有的询盘过于空泛，也许只是客户做市场调查的一种手段。 要善于透过表象看到深层去，了解询盘者真正的用意。他是否是真正的买家或者中间商甚至是你的竞争对手,他购买的动机是什么,他的购买能力如何, 有了询盘，该如何辨别询盘的真假, 在这里，我先不说如何得到客户更多的询盘，我跳到后面，先说下来了询盘该如何回复，以及如何辨别询盘的真假。 问题:询盘来了，我也回复了，但是为什么老是没有回音啊, 分析:一个很关键的原因就是，没有发现和找到最关键的客户。收到多个客户询盘，会先将他们分类 第一轮分类:按照询价的方式区分。 (1)传真和电话的，这些询盘的真实性要比邮件的高。做国际贸易是需要成本的，直接传真和打电话的话，估计采购的急迫性和可能性会更大。(不会发电邮的除外) (2)电邮，很传统的方式。 第二轮分类:看实际的询盘内容。 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical (1)详细的列出要采购的产品的规格，数量，要求等，这样的优先级别高。 (2)问公司所有产品的价格，这类情况一是套磁，二是随便发着玩。 对于(1)要重点对待，报价，交货周期等。 对于(2)是报好还是不报好,对于这样的客户我的回答是: Dear XX, Thanks to your kind quotation to (公司名称). Since we have hundreds of products of different series, please tell me which series/product that your are interested in. Then we will quote according to your selection. If you do not have the catalogues of our products, please kindly refer to our website. Thank you! 要说的委婉点，把问题推给客户。 implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government "nerve centre", task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; "any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan" the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practical