初二下册英语课件

Unit 1 Helping those in need 教学内容:一单元课文详解 教学目标:掌握课文大意 掌握课文重点短语和句型 教学重难点:重点句子的掌握与运用 动词不定式的用法 一、课前检测 Key words: 1.raise v筹募;v增加;提高 2.permission n 准许;批准 3.disabled adj 丧失能力的;有残疾的反义词( ) 4.offer v 主动提出 5.serious adj严重的 6.organize v组织;筹备 7.lonely adj孤独的;寂寞的 8.difficulty n困难;费劲形容词() 9.hurt v(使)疼痛;受伤10.pay v付费 Key phrases: 1.in need:需要帮助的 2.voluntary work:义务性工作 3.ask permission:报请比准 4.suffer from:因……受苦;受折磨 5.raise on e′s spirits:使振奋;使鼓起勇气 6.in order to:目的在于;为了 7.so that:为的是;以便 8.make friends with:与……交朋友 9.look after:照顾 10.because of:因为 Translation:(英英互译) 1.serious:_________ 2.illness:_________ 3.peace:_________ 4.courage:_________ 5.raise something:_________ 6.spirits:______ 二、课文详解: 1.Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money。ask permission:报请批准。permission:不可数名词。“准许;批准”raise:及物动词“筹集;募捐”拓展:a举起;抬起b养育;饲养;种植c建立;竖起d提高;升起 2.Could you give me a hand?你能帮我个忙吗? Could you do sth:你能做某事吗? give sb a hand:帮助某人=help sb 3.I talked to children without parents。我和失去父母的儿童交谈。 talk to:“与……交谈”eg:I want to talk to my mother about the bike。talk with:“与……交谈”强调谈话双方无主次之分,相互交流、交谈talk about:谈论(某人、某事等) without:介词,“没有,不”反义词“with” 4.I helped sick children。我帮助生病的儿童。 sick:生病的。 5.I taught disabled children to sing。我教残疾儿童唱歌。 teach sb to do sth:教某人做某事。 6.Three teenagers of offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays。三名青少年主动提出在学校放假期间做一些义务性工作。 offer:主动提出。offer sth:提出某事 offer to do sth:(主动)提出做某事 offer sb sth∕offer sth to sb(主动)给某人提供某物 during:在……期间(在某一段时间之内)in:动作发生在一时间段内for:用于某事持续多久时 7.The children there all suffer from the computer games。 suffer from:因某事受苦;受折磨 serious:adj严重的;严肃的 8.I met a girl called Cindy。我遇见了一个叫辛迪的女孩。 called=named“名叫……” 9.I went there and took some photos of it。 take photos of:给……拍照:takes photos:拍照 10.There are many children without parents。 There be句型 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示存在,“某地有某物”be动词应与紧跟其后的主语的单复数形式保持一致。 11.We taught them to tell stories。我们教他们讲故事。 tell stories:讲故事 12.This helps them express their feelings。 help sb(to)do sth:帮助某人做某事 help oneself to sth:随便吃某物 ca n′t help doing sth:禁不住做…… 13.We spent time with a girl called Vivien。 spend:度过;消磨当花费讲时: sb+spend(s)+mone y∕time+(in)doing+sth某人花费金钱∕时间做某事 sb+spend(s)+mone y∕time+on+sth某人在某事∕某物上花费金钱∕时间 14.Her parents died in a car accident,and she is unhappy and very lonely die:不及物动词,死。dies:第三人称单数;died:过去式;dying:现在分词;dead:形容词;death:名词。 unhappy:伤心的;不快乐的。由形容词happy+否定前缀un构成的。lonely:孤独的;寂寞的。作表语,定语。(主观感受) alone:孤单的;独自的。作表语,状语。(客观情况) 15.My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien。 continue to d o∕doing sth:继续做某事 continue with sth:使某物继续存在或不断发生。 16.They have difficulty walking or moving。 have difficulty(in)doing sth:做某事有困难 have trouble(in)doing sth:做某事有麻烦 have problems(in)doing sth:做某事有问题 have fun(in)doing sth:做某事有乐趣 17.He hurt his legs in an accident,but he has lots of courage。 hurt:及物动词,受伤。拓展:a伤害b(身体部位)疼痛c伤痛18.We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits。 like:介词“像”。like构成的短语:look like:看起来像 sound like:听起来像。feel like doing sth:想做某事 raise on e′s spirits:使振奋;使鼓足勇气 19.I will continue to do voluntary work in the future。 in the future:在将来。in future:从今以后=from now on 20.in good health:身体健康 21.A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult。 be afraid of:害怕;不敢。后可接名词,代词,动名词,动词不定式22.One of them had difficulty walkin g… one of:……之一,其后接可数名词或代词的复数形式。one of做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。 one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词:最……之一 23.Joe read news and funny stories to her so that she did not feel lonely。 so that:为的是;以便=in order that或in order to do sth 24.Joe enjoyed helping people。enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事enjoy oneself=have fun或have a goo d∕great time过的快乐,愉快25.Cindy is in hospital because of a serious illness。 in hospital:生病住院。 in the hospital:在医院里 26.We need someone to talk to her and make friends with her。make friends with:和……交朋友 exchange seats:交换座位shake hands with:与…握手take turns to do sth:轮流做某事join hands with:与…联系∕合作 三、语法Grammar 初中英语动词不定式用法梳理 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理动词不 一、不定式作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征) 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend,know) 希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love) 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的 宾语—动词不定式,句子结构是...feel/find / make/ ... it+adj./n.+to do...。 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,特别是美国英语,即使习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing 继续做原来的事 四、用作定语 1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式。 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。 3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象,常用主动式 五、用作补语 动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done,句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。 2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”: hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice。 3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。一般说来,带to表间接帮助,不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里,或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如: 4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。 六、用作状语 1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。 to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语,置句末时都可以用,置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首,可以引导结果状语从句,in order to do不引导结果状语从句。 2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。 3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中 4.有些动词不定式作状语, 常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是:cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。 七、动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。for 前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。 八、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to 1.用作句子的成分。 2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 九、动词不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是not / never to do...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never 习题 练习 飞向蓝天的恐龙练习非连续性文本练习把字句和被字句的转换练习呼风唤雨的世纪练习呼风唤雨的世纪课后练习 :一、动词不定式作主语 1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省) 2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省) 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区) 4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to(安徽省) Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. take, to, build 4. B [简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容词,与介词of 搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard, difficult, easy, important等形容词,与介词for 搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 二、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) 3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省) Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. D [简析]在want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。 三、动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省) 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) Key: 1. B 2. C [简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, teach, expect, tell, allow等。 四、动词不定式作状语 1. She went ______ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省) 2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省) Key: 1. A 2. C [简析]go, come, try, do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。 3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省) 4. I'm sorry ______ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省) 5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省) Keys: 3. D 4. B 5. A[简析]"be +形容词+ to do sth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。 6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子) The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省) 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东省) Keys: 6. is, too, small, for 7. thick, for, to, skate, on[简析]在上述"too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。 五、动词不定式作定语 1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省) 2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省) 3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省) Key: 1. C 2. D 3. D[简析]不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。 六、不带to的动词不定式 1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省) 2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省) 3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省) 4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省) Key: 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C[简析]1.在see, watch, hear, feel 等感官动词和make, have, let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let 没有被动语态)。2.在"had better"后面接不带to的不定式。 七、动词不定式的否定形式 1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue. A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didn't jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区) 2. The old man told the child ______ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省) 3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late. A. have, not to be B. have, not be C. be, not to be D. be, not be (内蒙古自治区) Key: 1. A 2. B 3. C[简析]动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定 式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not. 八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别 1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区) 2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home? ——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省) 3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we? ——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省) 4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省) Key: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking[简析]一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:"stop to do sth"意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事","stop doing sth"意为"停止正在做的事":"remember to do sth"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),"remember doing sth"意为"记得做过某事"(事已做):"go on to do sth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一事,接着做另一事),"go on doing sth"意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往下做):"forget to do sth"意为"忘了做某事"(事还未做),"forget doing sth"意为"忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。 5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head. A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省) 6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past. A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省) Key: 5. B 6. A[简析]在see, hear, watch, feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。 九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留 1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us? Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet? A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省) 2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us? ______. What time are we going to meet? A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm glad C. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大连市) Keys: 1. D 2. C [简析]在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法 常见于"be glad to","would like (love) to","have to"等结构中。 十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式 The new hospital ______ is near the factory. A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省) [简析]当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时,用动词不定式的被动式,即:to be +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,不定式用完成式,即: to have +过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,用不定式的进行式,即:to be +现在分词 四、单元检测 一、根据句意及首字母汉语提示完成单词。 1.The old man fell off his bike and h___his knee(膝盖)。 2.I p___thirty yuan for the book last week。 3.___(友谊)is very important in our life。 4.