英美概况名词解释

英美概况名词解释 1The Hundred Years’ War百年战争 refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. 2 The Wars of Rose玫瑰战争 was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. 3 The Glorious Revolution of 1688 1688年光荣革命 the takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution 4 The Whigs 辉格党人were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. 5 The Tories托利党人 were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. 6 The industrial Revolution 工业革命refers to the mechanizations of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 7 The Work War I 第一次世界大战was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two European Power blocs: “the Central power”. Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the “Allies”, Britain, France and Russia. During the war, the Britain lost much. 8 The House of Lords上议院is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. 9 The House of Common下议院is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs). 10 The Privy Council枢密院 was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. 11 A People’s Charter 人民宪章 had six points: (1)the vote for all adult males; (2)voting by secret ballot; (3)equal electoral districts; (4)abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament; (5)payment of members of Parliament; (6)annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June. 12 Macroeconomic measures宏观经济政策were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability. 13 Microeconomic policies微观经济政策 were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility. 14 The United Kingdom 联合王国is a constitutional monarchy; the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. 15 Parliament 议会consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 16 Great Charter《大宪章》r was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. 17 The Labor Party工党 had its origin in the Independent Labor Party(ILP), which was formed in January, 1893. 18 .The monarch君主政体 actually has no real power. The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. 19 Ministers内阁 are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions; individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their department. 20 There are two established church国教in Britain: in England the church of England and Scotland the Church of Scotland.