石油化工静电接地设计规范

well,withtheeffectivenessofservicestodefendtheinterestsofthemasses.Third,weshouldstrivetodowell.Toachievegoodpracticalresults,thekeyistoknowthelaw,tograspthelawsandusinglaws.Officeofeconomicdevelopment,socialprogress,therearerulestofollow.Onlyactaccordingtothelaw,toovercomeblindnessandstrengtheninginitiative,creative.WorkingintheOffice,weshouldbegoodatanalyzingtheessenceofthings,tofindregularthing,changefrompassivetoactive,toseekone.Investee2.establishmentofevaluationsystem.Evaluationsystemisessentiallyanincentivemechanism,theevaluationwasobjectiveandfair,reasonable,andcanstimulateaperson'senergy,mobilizingpeople'senthusiasmorbemisleading,dampenedtheenthusiasmofpeople.Atpresent,theconceptofpeople-orientedpeople,buttoestablishandperfectevaluationsystemisstilllaggingbehind.Workinthisareashouldbeseriouslycaughtup."Threeemphasison"totakeadvantageof.Isafocusonstandardsandscientific.Afundamentalpointoftheevaluationcriteria,istokeepcontact,development,comprehensiveeyeevaluationofcadres.Officework,both"record"and"potentialperformance";bothsubjectiveefforts,takeanotherlookattheobjectivecondition;both"pragmatic"enough,takeanotherlookatthe"retreat"level.Second,focusonparticipatingthebreadthofthesubject.Evaluationofcadresmustgivefullplaytodemocracy,cadresandthemasseshandingoverevaluation.Officeworkservicesleadershipandservicebase,servethepeople,thennominatedthemainobjectwillcontainavarietyofservices,sothatassessmentwasaccurateandtoavoidone-sidedness.Third,payattentiontotheseriousnessoftheconclusion.Theuseofevaluationfindingsismainlyembodiedinhisdirection.Permittedtochooseone,itwouldbetantamounttoestablishingabanner.Evaluationcan'ttakecareofthebalance,otherwiseitwouldunderminetheoffsetthepositivesignificanceofevaluation.　　Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsshouldtakethefindingsasonthecadres'bonus-penalty,animportantbasisforfuturemovements,incentiveandrestrainteffectofmakingevaluations.3.Preventionofunderstanding"infidelity".People-centereddevelopment,concreteisdialectical,.Inpracticeintheprocess,topreventone-sidedandstilllook,fromactualpeople.Oneistousedialecticalpointofviewtounderstand.HumanististhecoreofthescientificOutlookondevelopment,remainsthedevelopmentofthescientificOutlookondevelopmentemphasizes,isstilltakingeconomicconstructionastheCenter.Anydeparturefromthedevelopmentofthoughtandaction,isamisinterpretationandmisunderstandingofpeople-oriented.Adheretopeople-orientedbothtoovercomeone-sidednessoftheold,butalsotopreventone-sidedness,notacceleratingthedevelopmentofpeopleandtheopposition.Mustbeveryclear,peopleorientedandspeedingupdevelopmentisnotopposed,butconsistent,weshouldneverbewell,withtheeffectivenessofservicestodefendtheinterestsofthemasses.Third,weshouldstrivetodowell.Toachievegoodpracticalresults,thekeyistoknowthelaw,tograspthelawsandusinglaws.Officeofeconomicdevelopment,socialprogress,therearerulestofollow.Onlyactaccordingtothelaw,toovercomeblindnessandstrengtheninginitiative,creative.WorkingintheOffice,weshouldbegoodatanalyzingtheessenceofthings,tofindregularthing,changefrompassivetoactive,toseekone.Investee2.establishmentofevaluationsystem.Evaluationsystemisessentiallyanincentivemechanism,theevaluationwasobjectiveandfair,reasonable,andcanstimulateaperson'senergy,mobilizingpeople'senthusiasmorbemisleading,dampenedtheenthusiasmofpeople.Atpresent,theconceptofpeople-orientedpeople,buttoestablishandperfectevaluationsystemisstilllaggingbehind.Workinthisareashouldbeseriouslycaughtup."Threeemphasison"totakeadvantageof.Isafocusonstandardsandscientific.Afundamentalpointoftheevaluationcriteria,istokeepcontact,development,comprehensiveeyeevaluationofcadres.Officework,both"record"and"potentialperformance";bothsubjectiveefforts,takeanotherlookattheobjectivecondition;both"pragmatic"enough,takeanotherlookatthe"retreat"level.Second,focusonparticipatingthebreadthofthesubject.Evaluationofcadresmustgivefullplaytodemocracy,cadresandthemasseshandingoverevaluation.Officeworkservicesleadershipandservicebase,servethepeople,thennominatedthemainobjectwillcontainavarietyofservices,sothatassessmentwasaccurateandtoavoidone-sidedness.Third,payattentiontotheseriousnessoftheconclusion.Theuseofevaluationfindingsismainlyembodiedinhisdirection.Permittedtochooseone,itwouldbetantamounttoestablishingabanner.Evaluationcan'ttakecareofthebalance,otherwiseitwouldunderminetheoffsetthepositivesignificanceofevaluation.　　Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsshouldtakethefindingsasonthecadres'bonus-penalty,animportantbasisforfuturemovements,incentiveandrestrainteffectofmakingevaluations.3.Preventionofunderstanding"infidelity".People-centereddevelopment,concreteisdialectical,.Inpracticeintheprocess,topreventone-sidedandstilllook,fromactualpeople.Oneistousedialecticalpointofviewtounderstand.HumanististhecoreofthescientificOutlookondevelopment,remainsthedevelopmentofthescientificOutlookondevelopmentemphasizes,isstilltakingeconomicconstructionastheCenter.Anydeparturefromthedevelopmentofthoughtandaction,isamisinterpretationandmisunderstandingofpeople-oriented.Adheretopeople-orientedbothtoovercomeone-sidednessoftheold,butalsotopreventone-sidedness,notacceleratingthedevelopmentofpeopleandtheopposition.Mustbeveryclear,peopleorientedandspeedingupdevelopmentisnotopposed,butconsistent,weshouldneverbe对需取得患者 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 面同意方可进行的医疗活动，应当由患者本人签署知情同意书。患者不具备完全民事行为能力时，应当由其法定代理人签字；患者因病无法签字时，应当由其授权的人员签字people-orientedinthenameofreducingourenthusiasm.PremierWenJiabao'sGovernmentworkreportthisyear,identifiedas7%growth,2.1%lowerthanlastyear's9.1%,butin8workremainstoacceleratedevelopmentinthefirstplace...Workstandards.Secondistousethescaleofdevelopmenttounderstand.Societyisevolving,humanneedsarealsochanging.Practiceofhumanismisalong-termprocessandcannotbeachievedovernight.Totreatpeopleifyoustandstillandrigiddogma,itispossibletoreturntothis,seethingsbutnotpeople'soldways.Therefore,wehavetofollowthedevelopmentofthetimes,andcontinuedebuggingthehumanistperspective,innovativepeople-orientedway.Underthenewhistoricalconditions,wearerequestedbythetimes,setupabrandnewconcept,ahighstartingpoint,highstandardofarmedpeople,shaping,exercise,people,constantlytakingthenewconnotationofthetimes.TermsofOffice,istoleadthevastnumbersofcadrestoactivelyadapttotheknowledgefasterandactivelyadapttotheincreasinglyhighlevelofleadershipsituation,activelyadapttothedemandofthemassesmoreandmoresituations,eagertolearn,enhanceaccumulation,efforts,honedtheabilitytoovercomeagoodservice,panic.Thirdistouserealisticunderstanding.Adheretopeople-orientedmustbebasedonreality,notdivorcedfromreality.DesknowatercupshereinHongKong,staffneedtodrinksomewatertothedrinkingfountainonafloor,theglassusedisaone-timenon-conetype.Drinkthiscupcanonlyhold,cannotbeputdown.Thisisnotonlytosaveonglassmaterials,moreimportantistoforceyoutogetdrinkingwater,gobacktoyourseatbusiness.　　Ouremphasisonpeople-oriented,doesnotimplyyoucanindulgethedesires,thecomfortable,thepursuitofenjoyment.Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsofourcomrades,mustcontinuetomaintainthestyleofplainlivingandhardstruggle,tostanduptothetestsoftemptations,exciting"energy"conservation"disposition"tothespiritofselflessdedicationandprovideservices.Investee4.clearlydefinedresponsibilities.Puttingpeoplefirstisacommonvisionofdevelopment,everyoneisaliability.People-oriented,aboveandbelowwiththeresponsibilityforcoordinatingsystemmustbeestablishedandholdeveryoneaccountable.First,wemuststrengthentheleadership."Initsplace,itsgovernance,itslevel,beartheresponsibilityoftheDivision."Thisistheminimumrequirementforleaders,isameasureofthebasiccriteriaforwhetheraleadingcadreiscompetent.Leadersneedto"itisanofficialtermforthebenefitof"mission,consciouslyassumeresponsibilityforimplementingpeople-oriented.DirectoroftheOfficeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsistheresponsibilityoftheunitstoimplementpeople-oriented,tomanagetheirpeople,"pluginownresponsibility",effectivelyenhancetheeducationofleadingcadres,cadresandcadreswork,effortstorevitalizetheOfficeofhumanresources,Officeworkisfullofvigorandvitality对需取得患者书面同意方可进行的医疗活动，应当由患者本人签署知情同意书。患者不具备完全民事行为能力时，应当由其法定代理人签字；患者因病无法签字时，应当由其授权的人员签字people-orientedinthenameofreducingourenthusiasm.PremierWenJiabao'sGovernmentworkreportthisyear,identifiedas7%growth,2.1%lowerthanlastyear's9.1%,butin8workremainstoacceleratedevelopmentinthefirstplace...Workstandards.Secondistousethescaleofdevelopmenttounderstand.Societyisevolving,humanneedsarealsochanging.Practiceofhumanismisalong-termprocessandcannotbeachievedovernight.Totreatpeopleifyoustandstillandrigiddogma,itispossibletoreturntothis,seethingsbutnotpeople'soldways.Therefore,wehavetofollowthedevelopmentofthetimes,andcontinuedebuggingthehumanistperspective,innovativepeople-orientedway.Underthenewhistoricalconditions,wearerequestedbythetimes,setupabrandnewconcept,ahighstartingpoint,highstandardofarmedpeople,shaping,exercise,people,constantlytakingthenewconnotationofthetimes.TermsofOffice,istoleadthevastnumbersofcadrestoactivelyadapttotheknowledgefasterandactivelyadapttotheincreasinglyhighlevelofleadershipsituation,activelyadapttothedemandofthemassesmoreandmoresituations,eagertolearn,enhanceaccumulation,efforts,honedtheabilitytoovercomeagoodservice,panic.Thirdistouserealisticunderstanding.Adheretopeople-orientedmustbebasedonreality,notdivorcedfromreality.DesknowatercupshereinHongKong,staffneedtodrinksomewatertothedrinkingfountainonafloor,theglassusedisaone-timenon-conetype.Drinkthiscupcanonlyhold,cannotbeputdown.Thisisnotonlytosaveonglassmaterials,moreimportantistoforceyoutogetdrinkingwater,gobacktoyourseatbusiness.　　Ouremphasisonpeople-oriented,doesnotimplyyoucanindulgethedesires,thecomfortable,thepursuitofenjoyment.Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsofourcomrades,mustcontinuetomaintainthestyleofplainlivingandhardstruggle,tostanduptothetestsoftemptations,exciting"energy"conservation"disposition"tothespiritofselflessdedicationandprovideservices.Investee4.clearlydefinedresponsibilities.Puttingpeoplefirstisacommonvisionofdevelopment,everyoneisaliability.People-oriented,aboveandbelowwiththeresponsibilityforcoordinatingsystemmustbeestablishedandholdeveryoneaccountable.First,wemuststrengthentheleadership."Initsplace,itsgovernance,itslevel,beartheresponsibilityoftheDivision."Thisistheminimumrequirementforleaders,isameasureofthebasiccriteriaforwhetheraleadingcadreiscompetent.Leadersneedto"itisanofficialtermforthebenefitof"mission,consciouslyassumeresponsibilityforimplementingpeople-oriented.DirectoroftheOfficeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsistheresponsibilityoftheunitstoimplementpeople-oriented,tomanagetheirpeople,"pluginownresponsibility",effectivelyenhancetheeducationofleadingcadres,cadresandcadreswork,effortstorevitalizetheOfficeofhumanresources,Officeworkisfullofvigorandvitalitywell,withtheeffectivenessofservicestodefendtheinterestsofthemasses.Third,weshouldstrivetodowell.Toachievegoodpracticalresults,thekeyistoknowthelaw,tograspthelawsandusinglaws.Officeofeconomicdevelopment,socialprogress,therearerulestofollow.Onlyactaccordingtothelaw,toovercomeblindnessandstrengtheninginitiative,creative.WorkingintheOffice,weshouldbegoodatanalyzingtheessenceofthings,tofindregularthing,changefrompassivetoactive,toseekone.Investee2.establishmentofevaluationsystem.Evaluationsystemisessentiallyanincentivemechanism,theevaluationwasobjectiveandfair,reasonable,andcanstimulateaperson'senergy,mobilizingpeople'senthusiasmorbemisleading,dampenedtheenthusiasmofpeople.Atpresent,theconceptofpeople-orientedpeople,buttoestablishandperfectevaluationsystemisstilllaggingbehind.Workinthisareashouldbeseriouslycaughtup."Threeemphasison"totakeadvantageof.Isafocusonstandardsandscientific.Afundamentalpointoftheevaluationcriteria,istokeepcontact,development,comprehensiveeyeevaluationofcadres.Officework,both"record"and"potentialperformance";bothsubjectiveefforts,takeanotherlookattheobjectivecondition;both"pragmatic"enough,takeanotherlookatthe"retreat"level.Second,focusonparticipatingthebreadthofthesubject.Evaluationofcadresmustgivefullplaytodemocracy,cadresandthemasseshandingoverevaluation.Officeworkservicesleadershipandservicebase,servethepeople,thennominatedthemainobjectwillcontainavarietyofservices,sothatassessmentwasaccurateandtoavoidone-sidedness.Third,payattentiontotheseriousnessoftheconclusion.Theuseofevaluationfindingsismainlyembodiedinhisdirection.Permittedtochooseone,itwouldbetantamounttoestablishingabanner.Evaluationcan'ttakecareofthebalance,otherwiseitwouldunderminetheoffsetthepositivesignificanceofevaluation.　　Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsshouldtakethefindingsasonthecadres'bonus-penalty,animportantbasisforfuturemovements,incentiveandrestrainteffectofmakingevaluations.3.Preventionofunderstanding"infidelity".People-centereddevelopment,concreteisdialectical,.Inpracticeintheprocess,topreventone-sidedandstilllook,fromactualpeople.Oneistousedialecticalpointofviewtounderstand.HumanististhecoreofthescientificOutlookondevelopment,remainsthedevelopmentofthescientificOutlookondevelopmentemphasizes,isstilltakingeconomicconstructionastheCenter.Anydeparturefromthedevelopmentofthoughtandaction,isamisinterpretationandmisunderstandingofpeople-oriented.Adheretopeople-orientedbothtoovercomeone-sidednessoftheold,butalsotopreventone-sidedness,notacceleratingthedevelopmentofpeopleandtheopposition.Mustbeveryclear,peopleorientedandspeedingupdevelopmentisnotopposed,butconsistent,weshouldneverbe对需取得患者书面同意方可进行的医疗活动，应当由患者本人签署知情同意书。患者不具备完全民事行为能力时，应当由其法定代理人签字；患者因病无法签字时，应当由其授权的人员签字people-orientedinthenameofreducingourenthusiasm.PremierWenJiabao'sGovernmentworkreportthisyear,identifiedas7%growth,2.1%lowerthanlastyear's9.1%,butin8workremainstoacceleratedevelopmentinthefirstplace...Workstandards.Secondistousethescaleofdevelopmenttounderstand.Societyisevolving,humanneedsarealsochanging.Practiceofhumanismisalong-termprocessandcannotbeachievedovernight.Totreatpeopleifyoustandstillandrigiddogma,itispossibletoreturntothis,seethingsbutnotpeople'soldways.Therefore,wehavetofollowthedevelopmentofthetimes,andcontinuedebuggingthehumanistperspective,innovativepeople-orientedway.Underthenewhistoricalconditions,wearerequestedbythetimes,setupabrandnewconcept,ahighstartingpoint,highstandardofarmedpeople,shaping,exercise,people,constantlytakingthenewconnotationofthetimes.TermsofOffice,istoleadthevastnumbersofcadrestoactivelyadapttotheknowledgefasterandactivelyadapttotheincreasinglyhighlevelofleadershipsituation,activelyadapttothedemandofthemassesmoreandmoresituations,eagertolearn,enhanceaccumulation,efforts,honedtheabilitytoovercomeagoodservice,panic.Thirdistouserealisticunderstanding.Adheretopeople-orientedmustbebasedonreality,notdivorcedfromreality.DesknowatercupshereinHongKong,staffneedtodrinksomewatertothedrinkingfountainonafloor,theglassusedisaone-timenon-conetype.Drinkthiscupcanonlyhold,cannotbeputdown.Thisisnotonlytosaveonglassmaterials,moreimportantistoforceyoutogetdrinkingwater,gobacktoyourseatbusiness.　　Ouremphasisonpeople-oriented,doesnotimplyyoucanindulgethedesires,thecomfortable,thepursuitofenjoyment.Officeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsofourcomrades,mustcontinuetomaintainthestyleofplainlivingandhardstruggle,tostanduptothetestsoftemptations,exciting"energy"conservation"disposition"tothespiritofselflessdedicationandprovideservices.Investee4.clearlydefinedresponsibilities.Puttingpeoplefirstisacommonvisionofdevelopment,everyoneisaliability.People-oriented,aboveandbelowwiththeresponsibilityforcoordinatingsystemmustbeestablishedandholdeveryoneaccountable.First,wemuststrengthentheleadership."Initsplace,itsgovernance,itslevel,beartheresponsibilityoftheDivision."Thisistheminimumrequirementforleaders,isameasureofthebasiccriteriaforwhetheraleadingcadreiscompetent.Leadersneedto"itisanofficialtermforthebenefitof"mission,consciouslyassumeresponsibilityforimplementingpeople-oriented.DirectoroftheOfficeofthepartycommitteesatalllevelsistheresponsibilityoftheunitstoimplementpeople-oriented,tomanagetheirpeople,"pluginownresponsibility",effectivelyenhancetheeducationofleadingcadres,cadresandcadreswork,effortstorevitalizetheOfficeofhumanresources,OfficeworkisfullofvigorandvitalityHYPERLINK"http://www.jxcad.com.cn/simple/index.php?t.html"石油化工静电接地 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 规范SH3097－2000国家石油和化学工业局2000－06－30批准2000－10―01实施1总则1．0．1为了防止和减少静电伤害，保障石油化工企业 安全生产 安全生产管理档案一煤矿调度员先进事迹安全生产副经理安全生产责任最近电力安全生产事故安全生产费用投入台账 ，在石油化工设计中，贯彻预防为主的方针，采取防静电措施，做到技术先进、经济合理、安全适用，特制定本规范。1．0．2本规范适用于石油化工企业存在静电危害的新建、扩建和改建工程的静电接地设计。1．0．3静电接地是防止静电危害的主要措施之一。石油化工企业的防静电设计，应由 工艺 钢结构制作工艺流程车尿素生产工艺流程自动玻璃钢生产工艺2工艺纪律检查制度q345焊接工艺规程 、配管、设备、储运、通风、电气等专业相互配合，综合考虑，并采取下列防止静电危害措施：1改善工艺操作条件，在生产、储运过程中应尽量避免大量产生静电荷：2防止静电积聚，设法提供静电荷消散通道，保证足够的消散时间，泄漏和导走静电荷；3选择适用于不同环境的静电消除器械，对带电体上积聚着的静电荷进时行中和及消散；4屏蔽或分隔屏蔽带静电的物体，同时屏蔽体应可靠接地；5在设计工艺装置或制作设备时，应尽量避免存在高能量静电放电的条件，如在容器内避免出现细长的导电性突出物和未接地的孤立导体等；6改善带电体周围环境条件，控制气体中可燃物的浓度，使其保持在爆炸极限以外；7防止人体带电。1．0．4静电接地设计，除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现地有关强制性 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 规范的规定。静电接地体的接地电阻计算，应符合现行国家标准《工业与民用电力装置的接地设计规范》GBJ65-83的有关规定。2名词术语2．0．1工业静电industrialstaticelectricity静电是对观测者处于相对静止的电荷。由它所引起的磁场效应较之电场效应可以忽略不计。静电可由物质的接触与分离、静电感应、介质极化和带电微粒的附着等物理过程而产生。工业静电是生产、储运过程中在物料、装置、人体、器材和构筑物上产生和积累起来的静电。2．0．2带电体electrifiedbody正负电荷数量不相等，对外界显示电的特性的物体或系统。2．0．3带电区electrifiedarea带电体上积聚静电的部位。2．0．4物质静电特征参数1体积电阻率volumeresistivity表征物体内导电性能的物理量。它是单位横截面积、单位长度上材料的电阻值，其单位为欧[姆]•米（Ω•m）2表面电阻率surfaceresistivity表征物体表面导电性能的物理量。它是正方形材料两对边间的电阻值，与物体厚度及正方形大小无关，其单位为欧[姆]（Ω）。3电导率conductivity表征材料导电性能的物理量。其与电场强度之乘积等于传导电流密度，即σE=j。电导率的单位为西[门子]/米（S/m）。2．0．5静电起电、积聚和消散1静电起电electrostaticelectrification由于物体的接触分离、静电感应、介质极化和带电微粒的附着等原因，使物体正负电荷失去平衡或电荷分布不均，而在宏观上呈现带电的过程。2静电积聚electrostaticaccumulation由于某种起电因素使物体上静电起电的速率超过静电消散的速率而在其上呈现静电荷的积累过程。3静电泄漏electrostaticleakage带电体上的电荷通过带电体自身或其他物体等途径向大地传导而使之部分或全部消失的过程。4静电消散electrostaticdissipation[decay]带电体上的电荷由于静电中和、静电泄漏、静电放电而使之部分或全部消失的过程。5静电静置时间timeofrepose；timeofrest在有静电危险的场所进行生产时，由设备停止操作到物料（通常为液体）所带静电消散至安全值以下，允许进行下一步操作所需要的时间间隔。6电荷弛豫时间relaxationtimeofcharge带电体上的电荷（或电位）消散（或下降）至其初始值的1/e时所需要的时间。7杂散电流straycurrent任何不按指定的通路而流动的电流，这些非指定的通路可以是大地、与大地接触的管线和其它金属物体或构筑物。2．0．6静电放电现象1静电放电electrostaticdischarge当带电体周围的场强超过周围介质的绝缘击穿场强时，因介质产生电离而使带电体上的电荷部分或全部消失的现象。2静电放电能量electrostaticdischargeenergy带电体所形成的静电场，通过静电放电所释放出来的总能量。3电晕放电coronadischarge发生在不均匀的、场强很高的电场中的辉光放电。电晕放电时，在电极周围有微弱发光的电晕层。4刷形放电brushdischarge指发生于带电量大的绝缘体与导体之间空气介质中的一种放电形式。该放电形式放电通道不集中，呈分枝状。5传播型刷形放电brushdischargewithpropagationform在高速起电场所及静电非导体背面衬有接地导体的情况下，在静电非导体上所发生的放电能量集中、引燃能力强，并带有声光特征的一种放电。6火花放电sparkdischarge由于分隔两电极间的空气或其他电介质材料突然袭击然被击穿，使电流急剧上升，电压急剧下降，引起带有瞬间闪光、并有集中通道的短暂放电现象7尖端放电dischargeatsharppoint在带电导体曲率半径很小处所发生的放电现象2．0．7材料1静电导体staticconductor一种具有较低的电阻率，除非使它与地绝缘，否则其上难于积聚静电荷的材料。2静电非导体staticnon-conductor一种具有很高的电阻率，因此能在其上积聚足够数量的静电荷而引起各种静电现象的材料。3导静电材料staticconductivematerial指金属和碳等电导率大的材料，以及用其他方法（如在绝缘材料中掺入导电材料等）使物体具有导静电性能的材料。4防静电织物anti-staticfabric通过某种工艺方法，使纤维表面电阻率降低，从而形成或生产出的一种具有防止静电积聚的织物。2．0．8静电安全有灾害预防1静电安全electrostaticsafety指在生产过程有各种环境（系统）中，不发生由于静电现象而导致人的伤害、设备损坏或财产损失的状况和条件。2静电故障electrostaticaccident由于某种静电现象的作用，导致生产系统、设备、工艺过程、材料、产品等发生故障、损害（如生产率下降、产品质量不良，以致失效、破坏等）的现象或事件。3静电灾害electrostaticdisaster由于静电放电而导致发生财产损失或人员伤亡的危害、损害的现象或意外事件（如火灾、爆炸、静电电击以及由此而造成的二次事故等）。4静电电击electrostaticshock由于带电体向人体，或带静电的人体向接地的导体，以及人体相互间发生静电放电，其所产生的瞬间冲击电流通过人体而引起的病理生理效应。5二次事故secondaryaccident由于静电电击使人体失去平衡，导致人员由高空坠落或触及其他障碍物而引起的伤害；或造成已存在的火灾、爆炸的后果进一步扩大等危害的现象或事件。6静电危险场所areaofelectrostatichazards空间存在可由静电引爆的爆炸性混合物，或对其进行直接加工、处理和操作等工艺作业场所的统称。2．0．9静电接地1静电接地系统electrostaticearthingsystem带电体上的电荷向大地泄漏、消散的外界导出通道。2直接静电接地directstaticearthing通过金属导体使物体接地的一种接地方式。3间接静电接地indirectstaticearthing通过非金属导电材料或防静电材料以及防静电制品使物体接地的一种接地方式。4连接connection将彼此间没有良好导电通路的物体进行导电性连接，使相互间大体上处于相同电位的措施。5静电接地的电阻分类a静电泄漏电阻leakageresistanceofstaticelectricity物体在不带电的情况下，物体的被测点对大地的总电阻。b静电接地电阻earthingresistanceofstaticelectricity指静电接地系统的对地电阻。直接静电接地电阻为接地体或自然接地体的对地电阻和接地线电阻的总和。间接静电接地电阻为被接地物体的接地极与大地之间的总电阻，主要由导电、防静电材料或防静电制品的电阻决定。3一般规定3．1静电接地的范围3．1．1在生产加工、储运过程中，设备、管道、操作工具及人体等，有可能产生和积聚静电而造成静电危害时，应采取静电接地措施。3．1．2在进行静电接地时，必须注意下列部位的接地：1装在设备内部而通常从外部不能进行检查的导体；2装在绝缘物体上的金属部件；3与绝缘物体同时使用的导体；4被涂料或粉体绝缘的导体；5容易腐蚀而造成接触不良的导体；6在液面上悬浮的导体。3．1．3各种静电消除器的接地端，应按产品说明书的要求进行接地。3．1．4在下列情况下，可不采取专有的静电接地措施（计算机、电子仪器等除外）：1当金属导体已与防雷、电气保护、防杂散电流、电磁屏蔽等的接地系统有电气连接时；2当埋入地下的金属构造物、金属配管、构筑物的钢筋等金属导体间有紧密的机械连接，并在任何情况下金属接触面间有足够的静电导通性时；3当金属管段已作阴极保护时。3．2静电接地方式3．2．1需要进行静电接地的物体，应根据物体的类型采取下列静电接地方式：1静电导体应采用金属导体进行直接静电接地。2人体与移动式设备应采用非金属导电材料或防静电材料以及防静电制品进行间接静电接地。3静电非导体除应间接静电接地外，尚应配合其它的防静电措施。3．3静电接地系统的接地电阻3．3．1静电接地系统静电接地电阻值不