施心远主编听力教学方案教育教程3(第2版)Unit8标准答案

,.UNIT8SectionOneTacticsforListeningPart1SpotDictationCorporateSocialResponsibility（企业的社会责任）Onceuponatime,all-oralmostall-businesseswere(1)greedyandrapacious,sparingathoughtfortheir(2)workersortheenvironmentonlyinorderto(3)workouthowtoexploitthem.Thenbossesfoundtheir(4)consciences,guided(orsometimesforced)by(5)customersorcriticsfromthe(6)non-profitworld.Theydiscoveredtheideathatcompaniesshouldnotexistonlytomakeaprofitbutto(7)servesociety.Thuscorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)gotits(8)startasabusinessfashion,anditisnowhardtofindafirmthathasnot(9)comeupwithanearnest(10)statementaboutitsrelationswiththewiderworld.CSRiscloselylinkedwiththeprinciplesof(11)SustainableDevelopmentinproposingthatenterprisesshould(12)beobligedtomakedecisionsbasednotonlyonthefinancialfactorsbutalsoonthesocialandenvironmental(13)consequencesoftheiractivities.Issueslikeenvironmentaldamage,impropertreatmentofworkersand(14)faultyproductionleadingtocustomersinconvenienceordanger,(15)arehighlightedinthemedia.Someinvestorsandinvestmentfundmanagershavebegunto（16）takeaccountofacorporation’spolicyinmaking（17）investmentdecisions.SomeconsumershavebecomeincreasinglysensitivetotheCSRperformanceofthecompanies（18）fromwhichtheybuytheirgoodsandservices.Thesetrends（19）havecontributedtothepressureoncompaniesto（20）operateinaneconomically,sociallyandenvironmentallysustainableway.Part2ListeningforGistSmallretailersacrosstheUnitedStatesarefacingthesamechallenge:competitionfromshoppingmalls（大型购物中心）andchainstores（连锁店）.But,indowntownDickson,Tennessee,agroupofretailmerchants（零售商）havebandedtogether（紧密团结起来）towinback（赢回）theircustomerswhohavebeenattractedtoshoppingareas（商业圈）intheneighboringbigcity.DicksonisatypicalsmallAmericancity.Ithasquietresidentialareas（居民区）andanicelittledowntownthatwasonceathrivingretailcenter.ButaccordingtoDavidHamilton,presidentofDickson'sChamberofCommerce（商会）,highwayconstructionoverthepastseveralyearschangedthat.Beingjust65kilometersawayfromabigcitylikeNashville,MrHamiltonsays,presentsanotherchallengetoDickson'sdowntownshoppingarea."Becausewe'resoclosetoNashville,andbecausesomanypeopleworkinNashville,whentheythinkaboutshopping,theythinkofgoingtoNashvillemalls."ButsmallbusinessownersindowntownDicksondidn'tgiveup.Instead,theydecidedtofightback.Morethan40ofthemfoundedtheRetailMerchantsAssociationofDowntownDickson.Membersofthenewassociationarecommittedtosuccess;theypaymonthlydues（月缴会费）andmeetperiodicallytosuggestanddiscusscreativewaysofattractingmoreshopperstodowntown.Mr.WilliamssaysoneideaiscreatingeventsmodeledontheannualChristmasparadethroughthedowntownareathatattractsalargenumberofcityresidents.Freerefreshments（茶点，小吃）andgiveaways（免费样品）willbepartoftheseregularevents.Mr.Williamssaysthegroupisalsoplanningtobeautifythedowntownareawithplantsandpaint.Thoughitmightseemhardtocompetewithbigchainstores,smallretailershaveanadvantage.Theyhaveapersonalapproachinservingcustomers.ChamberofCommercepresidentDavidHamiltonagrees.Hesaysretailersinhiscityservecustomerswell,andcustomersinreturn,shouldsupportthembyshoppingintheirstores.Thedowntownareaistheheartofacity.AndmembersofDickson'snewRetailMerchantsAssociationaredeterminedtoworktogethertokeeptheheartbeating-torevitalize（使。。恢复生气）downtownDicksonsoitisonceagainabusy,welcomingplaceforpeopletocomeandshop.ExerciseDirections:Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceis"IndowntownDicksonTennessee，agroupofretailmerchantshavebandedtogethertowinbacktheircustomerswhohavebeenattractedtoshoppingareasintheneighboringbigcity."SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueHavingTheirBabiesatHome-Whatabout...um...thenumberofmotherswhoarenowchoosingtohavetheirbabiesathome.Isthata,agrowingnumberinAustralia?-It'sstillaveryverysmallproportionatthemomentandthereforemany,um,hospitalsarethinkingofactuallyintroducingbirthingcenters,birthingunits.Wehaveoneatourhospitalatthemoment,wherethe,theunitissetupasabedroomandakitchenandthewomancanactuallywalkaroundincomfortandjustpretendit'sherownhome.-Soit'slikeahomeinthehospital?-Yeah,it'slikealittlemaisonetteinthehospitaland,er,it'ssoclosebytothetheatreanddeliverysuites（产房）thatifanythingshouldgowrong（出故障）anddidgowrongtheycouldbemovedaroundquitequicklyandsafely.-Margaret,doyouthinkit'ssafetohaveababyathome?-Therearerisksinvolved,er,Ipersonallywouldprefernottohavemybabyathome.Imeanitwouldbe{wellyou'reamidwife}...IknowitwouldbequiteidealbuttheriskofsomethinggoingwrongandifIwastolosethatbabyIthinkthatIwouldbequitedevastated.-Aren'ttheredangersinhospitalbecausetherearemorepeopleinvolved?-Therearedangersinhospital,Imeanyou,youwouldn'twanttoknowthatthereisaparticularlyresistantstaphylococcalinfection（抗葡萄球菌感染）runningaroundthehospitaland,er,thatwouldbequitearisk.Insomecountriesit'sbeenproventhathavingthebabyathomeisassafeashavingababyinhospital.-Doesitgetalotofencouragementhaving,er,ababyathome?-Idon'tthinkso,no,itdoesn't.Ithink...um...doctorsand...Ithinkmainlydoctorsprobably,Ithinktheyscarethewomensaying,wellthismightgowrongorthatmightgowrongathomesoit'sbetterforyoutocomeintohospital.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.It'slikealittlemaisonette,ahomeinthehospital.2.Becauseit'sstillaverysmallproportionofmotherswhoarenowchoosingtohavetheirbabiesathomeatthemomentandthebirthingunitissetupasabedroomandakitchenandthewomancanactuallywalkaroundincomfortandjustpretendit'sherownhome.3.Becauseit'ssoclosebytothetheatreanddeliverysuitesthatifanythingshouldgowronganddidgowrongtheycouldbemovedaroundquitequicklyandsafely.4.Somethingmaygowrongduringthedeliveryandthatwouldbequitedevastating.5.Therecouldbeaparticularlyresistantstaphylococcalinfectionrunningaroundthehospital.Part2PassageBridgingGenerations1.Seniorstodayarebettereducated,healthier,andmorevivaciousthanatanytimeinournation'shistory.2.Theyareactive,energetic,andwillingandcanmeetmanyprogramneedsthroughtheirvolunteerefforts.3.Becausetheyarelivinglongerthaneverbefore,seniorscananticipateupto30yearsofproductiveactivityafterretirement.4.Whenchoosingwhereandhowtovolunteer,seniorsshouldpickthetypeofactivitythatbestsuitstheirpersonalgoalsaswellastheneedsoftherecipients.5.Wewanttohelpthemembracetheworldwiththeirnumerousgiftsandtalents,insteadoftheworldembracingthemwithhandcuffsandincarceration.Mentionthewordretirement,andyou'lllikelyinvokearangeofreactions.Somethinkofretirementasariteofpassage（人生大事）,othersasatimetorelax.Thecynical*mayviewitasapointbeyondwhichonecannolongercontributetosociety.Thisisfarfromthetruth!Seniorstodayarebettereducated,healthier,andmorevivaciousthanatanytimeinournation'shistory.Theyareactive,energetic,andwillingandcanmeetmanyprogramneedsthroughtheirvolunteerefforts.Seniorsareavaluableresourcewithmanygiftstooffer-amongthem,experience,patience,skills,time,andwealth-thatareuniquetothem.Theseniorpopulation,anditsproportionrelativetotherestofthepopulation,isincreasingrapidly.TheCorporationforNationalandCommunityService(CNS)estimatesthat,in2000,some35millionpeopleaged65orolderwerelivingintheUnitedStates,accountingfor13%ofthetotalpopulation.Theagingbabyboomgenerationisexpectedtodoubletheseniorpopulationoverthenext30years.Andbecausetheyarelivinglongerthaneverbefore,seniorscananticipate*upto30yearsofproductiveactivityafterretirement.Seniorssharetheirgiftsandlifeexperiencestoaddressissuesinschoolsystems,publicsafety,theenvironment,andotherhumanneeds.Manyseniorsdonotvolunteerthroughformalprograms.Someareone-timevolunteers;othersvolunteerforaseasonalorspecialevent.Whenchoosingwhereandhowtovolunteer,seniorsshouldpickthetypeofactivitythatbestsuitstheirpersonalgoalsaswellastheneedsoftherecipients.Mostimportantly,becreative,selective,andhavefun-likethevolunteersfeaturedhere.LikemanyAmericans,EloiseBowersandJoanGrossrecognizedtheneedforadditionalsupportforjuvenilesastheydevelopandmatureintoadults.Theseseniors,however,decidedtogivebacktotheircommunityanddeveloppositiverelationshipswithjuvenilesthroughFGP.The"grandmas",nowintheirsecondyearwiththeprogram,havehelpedmorethan50ofthemostat-riskyouthintheDistrictofColumbiaturntheirlivesaround."Itisourjobtohelpyouthlinkwiththeirpeersandthecommunity,aswellashelptheircommunityandtheirpeerslinkwiththem,"theystress."Forthelinktobestrong,itmustbemutual."Someyouthintheprogramhavechildrenoftheirownandneedchild-rearingtips.Othersuseinappropriatelanguageandneedtoexpandtheirvocabulary.Manyrespondwithviolenceandneedavenuestovent*anger,whereasothersdressinappropriatelyandneedfashiontips（时尚锦囊，小贴士）."Wearecommittedtohelpingtheseyouthhelpthemselves,"Bowersexplains."Wewanttohelpthemembracetheworldwiththeirnumerousgiftsandtalents,insteadoftheworldembracingthemwithhandcuffsandincarceration."BowersandGrosssaytheirgoalsasfostergrandparentsaretoserveasrolemodels;makeappropriatereferralsforresources;teachrespectwithlanguageanddress;sharewaystomanageanger,conflict,andanxiety;supportsuccessfultransitionstomainstreamschools,jobtraining,andemployment;andprovidesincereloveandunderstanding.A：Pre-listeningQuestionGovernmentalprovisionforsocialsecurityisslowtodevelopintheUS,thoughtherearenowsomeelementsofacomprehensivesystem,withsomeseriousgaps,aswellasvariationsbetweenthestates.Forbotholdageandillness,provisionisnowpartlyprivate,partlypublic.MostAmericanswhenatworkmakesomeprovisionfortheirretirement,throughsavings,investmentandinsurancepolicies,companyorunionpensionfunds.Federalgovernmentsocialsecurityprovidespensionsforretiredpeople,andalsounemploymentbenefitforsixmonths,basedoncompulsorycontributionsbypeopleatwork.Therateofthepensiongivesanincomeabovetheofficialpovertyline,andsufficientforminimalcomfort,butonlyaboutaquarterofmedianearningsfromemployment.Itisnotrelatedtoaperson'sincomefromprivatepensionsorothersources.B：SentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.C：DetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.C2.C3.A4.C5.A6.D7.D8.DD：After-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.BowersandGrosssaytheirgoalsasfostergrandparentsaretoserveasrolemodels;makeappropriatereferralsforresources;teachrespectwithlanguageanddress;sharewaystomanageanger,conflict,andanxiety;supportsuccessfultransitionstomainstreamschools,jobtraining,andemployment;andprovidesincereloveandunderstanding."Itisourjobtohelpyouthlinkwiththeirpeersandthecommunity,aswellashelptheircommunityandtheirpeerslinkwiththem.""Wewanttohelpthemembracetheworldwiththeirnumerousgiftsandtalents,insteadoftheworldembracingthemwithhandcuffsandincarceration."2.(Open)SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1AresearchteamledbyDr.CarlePietersofBrownUniversityannouncedtheresultsataNASAnewsconferenceonThursday.UsingdatafromanAmericaninstrumentflyingonIndiansatellite-andconfirmingdatafromtwootherspacecraft-theyfoundwaterprettymuchalloverthemoon,thoughmoretowardthepolesandconcentratedatthelunarsurface.CarlePietersspokeofwater,asdidtheotherscientists,andcertainlythenewsreportshaveheadlined"waterfoundonthemoon."Butanothermemberoftheresearchteam,JackMustard,alsoofBrown,saidit'sunclearwhetherthey'reseeingwater-amoleculewithtwoatomsofhydrogenandoneofoxygen-H20-orhydroxyl,achemicalwithonlyonehydrogenatom-OH.Thatdatacomesnotfromexaminingtherocksonthemoondirectly,butfromanalyzingspectrographsofthelightreflectedfromthemoon.Differentchemicalshavedifferentspectrographicsignatures,butthoseofwaterandhydroxylareverysimilar.Findingwater,ifthat'swhatitis,probablywon'tbeofmuchusetoanyfuturehumanvisitorstotheMoon.Butitmaybeanadditionalclueasscientiststrytoworkouthowthemoonandtheplanetswereformed.A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.Thisnewsitemisaboutthewaterdiscoveryonthemoon.B.Directions:listentothenewsitemagainandcompletethefollowingchart.AnnouncementsfromNASANewsConferenceFindingsWaterprettymuchoverthemoon,thoughmoretowardthepoles,andconcentratedatthelunarsurface.SourceDatafromanAmericaninstrumentflyingonanIndiansatellite,andconfirmingdatafromtwootherspacecrafts.ControversyIt’sunclearwhetherthey’reseeingwaterorhydroxyl.ReasonsfordifferentopinionsThatdatacomesnotfromexaminingtherocksonthemoondirectly,butfromanalyzingspectrographsofthelightreflectedfromthemoon.Differentchemicalshavedifferentspectrographicsignatures,butthoseofwaterandhydroxylareverysimilar.NewsItem2FirstSpacemanfromAfricaTheSoyuzrocketliftedoffonscheduleThursdaymorningfromlaunchpadnumberoneatRussia'sBaikonurbaseinKazakhstan.Aboardwastheship'scommander,veterancosmonautYuriGidzenko,ItalianAirForcepilotRobertoVittoriandSouthAfricanInternetentrepreneur*MarkShuttleworth.The28-year-oldmultimillionairehadtrainedforeightmonthsandspentareported$20milliontofulfillhischildhooddreamofgoingintospace.FamilymemberswhohadflowntoKazakhstanfortheoccasionwatchedtheliftoffreportedlywithbigsmilesandtearsofjoy.TheSoyuzwillflytotheInternationalSpaceStation,whereitisexpectedtodockonSaturday.Thecrew'smainmissionistodeliveranewSoyuzcapsuletobekeptatthespacestationforuseasanescapevehicleifneeded.MarkShuttleworthisalsotoconductexperimentsonhowanimalstemcellsreactinzerogravity.Thespacetourist'striphasbeenwarmlywelcomedinSouthAfrica,wherehisadventurehasreceivedblanketmediacoverage.HeisthefirstAfricantogointospaceandhasbeendubbedthe"Afronaut"bymanybackhome,includingNelsonMandela.Russiainitiatedthespacetourismidea,seeingitasawaytobringbadlyneededcashintoitsailingspaceprogram.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutthefirstspacemanfromAfricaandhisadventurewithastronauts.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingpassage.TheSoyuzrocketliftedoffonscheduleatRussia'sBaikonurbaseinKazakhstan.Aboardwastheship'scommander,anItalianAirForcepilotandSouthAfricanInternetentrepreneurMarkShuttleworth.The28-year-oldmultimillionairehadtrainedforeightmonthsandspentareported$20milliontofulfillhischildhooddreamofgoingintospace.Membersofhisfamilywatchedthelaunchwithbigsmilesandtearsofjoy.TheSoyuzwillflytotheInternationalSpaceStation,whereitisexpectedtodockonSaturday.Thecrew'smainmissionistodeliveranewSoyuzcapsuleforuseasanescapevehicleifneeded.MarkShuttleworthisalsotoconductexperimentsonhowanimalstemcellsreactinzerogravity.HeisthefirstAfricantogointospaceandhasbeendubbedthe"Afronaut"bymanybackhome.NewsItem340yearsaftermanlandedonthemoon,and39yearsafterLovellreturnedtoEarth,NASAplanstoretiretheSpaceShuttlein2010.ItistheonlyvehicleNASAhastocarryastronautsintospace.AttheMarshallSpaceFlightCenterinHuntsville,AlabamainlateJuly,NASAheldmeetingswithanindependentreviewpanel（独立评审委员会）commissionedbyPresidentBarackObamatoevaluatethefutureofmannedspaceflight（载人航天飞行）.PartofthemeetingfocusedonthenextgenerationspacecraftthatwouldreplacetheSpaceShuttleOrbiter(航天飞机轨道器).NASAisdevelopingtheConstellationprogram（星座 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ）,abeefed-upApollo-likeinitiative.Itusesarocket,calledAres,toputasingle-usespacecraft,calledtheOrion,intoorbit,andeventuallybacktothemoon.AnotheroptionfavoredbythepresidentialpanelisextendingthelifeoftheSpaceShuttlethrough2014,keepingitflyingmissionsuntilanewspacecraftisreadyforflight.Thepanelisalsoreviewinganextensiontotheproposedlife（拟用年限）oftheInternationalSpaceStation,currentlyscheduledtoenditsmissionby2015.A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutNASA’splanaboutthefutureofmannedspaceflight.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.NASAplanstoretiretheSpaceShuttlein2010.2.NASAheldmeetingswithanindependentreviewpanelcommissionedbyPresidentBarackObamatoevaluatethefutureofmannedspaceflight.3.PartofthemeetingfocusedonthenextgenerationspacecraftthatwouldreplacetheSpaceShuttleOrbiter.4.TheConstellationprogramisabeefed-upApollo-likeinitiative.Itusesarocket,calledAres,toputasingle-usespacecraft,calledtheOrion,intoorbit,andeventuallybacktothemoon.5.AnotheroptionfavoredbythepresidentialpanelisextendingthelifeoftheSpaceShuttlethrough2014,keepingitflyingmissionsuntilanewspacecraftisreadyforflight.6.ThepanelisalsoreviewinganextensiontotheproposedlifeoftheInternationalSpaceStation,currentlyscheduledtoenditsmissionby2015.SectionFourSupplementaryExercisesPart1FeatureReportResearcherscallforcreationoffirescienceAninternationalgroupofresearchersiscallingforthecreationofaseparatescientificdisciplinedevotedtothestudyoffire.Thescientistssaythere'sabasiclackofunderstandingaboutfire,whichimpactsvirtuallyeveryaspectoflifeonearth.Uncontrolledfirescausebillionsofdollarsayearindamagetohealth,livelihoodsandbiodiversity,yetexpertssayrelativelylittleisknownaboutthisprimitiveelementanditsimpact.InapaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalScience,co-authorStevePyneandcolleaguessaythere'scurrentlynosystematic,scientificwaytostudyfire.Pyneandnearlytwodozenotherresearcherscompiledcurrentdataonfire'simpactonglobalwarmingtounderscoretheneedforanewfirediscipline.Thescientistsreportthatallfirescombined—fromtheintentionalblazesfarmersusetoclearforesttotheaccidentalwildfiressparkedbybothmanandnature—releaseanamountofcarbondioxideequaltohalftheCO2emissionsfromtheburningoffossilfuels.Theysaythatfiresalsopumpotherpotentiallyclimate-changingpollutantsintotheatmosphere,includingmethanegas,aerosolsandsoot.Pyneaddsthatchangesinclimatecouldexacerbatethehot,dryconditionsthattriggerwildfires.Theprospectoflargerandmoredeadlyfiresaroundtheworldmakesitimperativethatnewwaysbefoundtohelpbetterunderstandandmanagethosefires,accordingtothestudy'sleadauthor,JenniferBalch,aresearcherwiththeNationalCenterforEcologicalAnalysisandSynthesisinSantaBarbara,California."Whatwe'regoingtohavetobeconcernedaboutinawarmerworldarewheretherearemorefireswherewedon'tnormallyseefires,wheretherearemorefiresandwheretherearemorefrequentfires.Andwearegoingtohavetofigureoutwherethosedifferencesaregoingtobeandhowwe'regoingtorespondtothem,andaccommodatethesechangesinfireregimes."TheauthorshopethereportwillpersuadetheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange—aninternationalpanelofexpertsstudyingglobalwarming—topaymoreattentiontofireasasignificantforceinglobalwarming,andsparkinterestwithinthescientificcommunityforanewscientificdisciplinedevotedtothestudyoffire.A:Directions:listentothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.Thisnewsreportisaboutthecallforthecreationofaseparatescientificdisciplinedevotedtothestudyoffires.B:Directons:listentothenewsreportagainandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.Bpart2passageGirl’sLifeSinceIwasabout10,I’vebeenoverweight.Atthattime,Iweighed180pounds–asmuchasmydad.Althoughmyfamilywassupportive,kidsatschoolmadefunofme,sayingthingslike“Fatty,fatty!”or“Hey,two-by-four!”Inninthgrade,aboyputdonutsonmychairsoI’dsitonthem.Thepranksreallygottome,andI’dgohomeintears.Intime,Ilearnedtoblockthatstuffoutofmymind.Everyday,Ijusttriedtolookmyverybestandbeagoodperson.WhenIhitmyteens,mybrotherwasincarceratedforaminoroffence.Suddenly,therewasatonofpressureonmetobea“goodgirl”,soIwouldn’tturnoutlikemybrother.Myparentsbecamesuperstrictandhomeschooledme,whichIhatedsinceIwasalreadysoisolated.Mysolution?Eatmore.Itriedmanydiets,butnothingworked.Finally,Iacceptedbeingfat.Butasidefromtheemotionalproblemsthatwentwithbeingoverweight,Idevelopedphysicalproblems.AndIconstantlyhadtogotothehospital.ThereweremanythingsIcouldn’tdobecauseofmyweight,likewalkingupanddownstairswithoutlosingmybreath!Icouldn’tgotoamusementparksbecauseIdidn’tfitontherides.Ihatedthezoobecauseitwastooexhaustingtowalk.AndI’dneverwornabathingsuit,soIcouldn’tswim.EverywhereIwent,kidsscaredandpointedsoIavoidedgoingoutinpublic.TheworstthingwasthatIcouldn’twalkintoaballparkorsomedanceclubsiftherewereturnstilesattheentrances.Itwashumiliating.BythetimeIwas16,Iwasmiserableandfeltmylifewascompletelyoutofcontrol.Finally,IthoughtI’dfiguredawayoutofmyrut.IcaughtaTVshowaboutawomanhavinggastricbypasssurgery,or“stomachstapling”.It’sasurgicalprocedureinwhichthestomachismadesosmallthatthepatientcan’tovereat.Thewomanontheshowlostatonofweightafterhersurgery.Thisgavemehope.Idecidedtohavethesurgery,too.Thesurgerytookaboutfourandahalfhours.Mystomachwascutdowntothesizeofanegg,andrecoverywaspainfulforafewdays.Butbythefourthday,Iwasreleasedfromthehospital.Althoughstomachstaplingmaybeasurgicaloptionforsome