2021.06六级真题+解析第1套

2021�6JJ*�#fitf:T\��ist:JU!<�).PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthegraphbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthegraphandcommentonChina'sachievementsinurbanization.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.DegreeofurbanizationinChinafrom1980to201970%60%.J'a50%40%1J30%10%1980198519901995200020052010201120122013201420152016201720182019Partn:ListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoose搜公众号：四六级考试必过thebest(JnswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Heisgoingtoleavehispresentjob.B)Heisgoingtoattendajobinterview.C)Hewillmeethisnewmanagerintwoweeks.D)Hewilltellthemanagementhowhereallyfeels.2.A)Itshouldbecarefullyanalyzed.C)Itcanbequiteusefultoseniormanagers.B)Itshouldbekeptprivate.D)Itcanimproveinterviewees'jobprospects.3.A)Itmaydoharmtohisfellowemployees.B)Itmaydispleasehisimmediate.superiors.C)Itmayadverselyaffecthisfuturecareerprospects.D)Itmayleaveanegativeimpressionontheinterviewer./\�2021�6A14.A)Pourouthisfrustrationsonarate-your-employerwebsite.B)Networkwithhisclosefriendstofindabetteremployer.C)Dosomepracticefortheexitinterview.D)Prepareacomprehensiveexitreport.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hercareerasabotanist.C)Hermonth-longexpedition.B)Herlatestdocumentary.D)Herunsuccessfuljourney.6.A)Shewascaughtinahurricane.C)Shesufferedfromwatershortage.B)Shehadtolivelikeavegetarian.D)Shehadtoenduremanyhardships.7.A)Theycouldnolongerbearthehumidity.C)Afloodwasapproaching.B)Theyhadnomorefoodinthecanoe.D)Ahurricanewascoming.8.A)Itwasmemorable.C)Itwasfruitful.B)Itwasunbearable.'.D)Itwasuneventful.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itensurestheaccuracyoftheirarguments.C)Ithurtslaymen'sdignityandself-esteem.B)Itdiminisheslaymen'sinterestinscience.D)Itmakestheirexpressionsmoreexplicit.10.A)Theywillseethecomplexityofscience.C)Theytendtodisbelievetheactualscience.B)Theyfeelgreatrespecttowardsscientists.D)Theycanlearntocommunicatewithscientists.11.A)Explainallthejargonterms.C)Findappropriatetopics.B)Doawaywithjargonterms.D)Stimulatetheirinterest.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Therewereoildepositsbelowalocalgassyhill.B)Theeruptinggasmightendangerlocalchildren.C)TherewasoiHeakage-alongtheGulfCoast.D)Thelocalgassyhillmightstartahugefire.13.A)Themassivegasunderground.C)Theirlackofsuitabletools.B)Theirlackoftheneededskill.D)Thesandunderthehill.14.A)Itwasnotaseffective搜公众号：四六级考试必过asheclaimed.C)Itgavebirthtotheoildrillingindustry.B)Itrenderedmanyoilworkersjobless.D)Itwasnotpopularizeduntilyearslater.15.A)Itruinedthestate'scottonandbeefindustries.C)Itresultedinanoilsurplusallovertheworld.B)Ittotallydestroyedthestate'srurallandscape.D)Itradicallytransformedthestate'seconomy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Insufficientmotivation.C)Unsuitablejobs.B)Toughregulations.D)Badmanagers.17.A)Ineffectivetraining.C)Overburdeningofmanagers.B)Toxiccompanyculture.D)Lackofregularevaluation./'\�20216J:J218.A)Itwasbasedonlyontheperspectiveofemployees.B)Itprovidedmeaningfulcluestosolvingtheproblem.C)Itwasconductedfromfrontlinemanagers'pointofview.D)Itcollectedfeedbackfrombothemployersandemployees.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisexpandingatanacceleratingspeed.C)Itisyieldinganunprecedentedprofit.B)Itisbringingprosperitytotheregion.D)Itisseeinganautomationrevolution.20.A)Itcreatesalotofnewjobs.B)Itexhaustsres<;mrcessooner.C)Itcausesconflictsbetweenemployersandemployees.D)Itcallsfortheretrainingofunskilledminingworkers.21.A)Theywillwaittoseeitseffect.C)Theyacceptitwithreservations.B)Theywelcomeitwithopenarms.D)Theyarestronglyopposedtoit.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhaveexperiencedagradualdeclinesincetheyearof2017.B)Theirannualdeathrateisabouttwicethatoftheglobalaverage.C)Theykillmorepeoplethananyinfectiousdisease.D)Theircosttothenation'seconomyisincalculable.23.A)Theyarenotasreliableasclaimed.B)Theyriseandfallfromyeartoyear.C)Theydon'treflectthechangesinindividualcountries.D)Theyshowadifferencebetweenrichandpoornations.24.A)Manyofthemareinvestingheavilyininfrastructure.B)Manyofthemhaveseenadeclineinroad-deathrates.C)ManyofthemarefollowingtheexamplesetbyThailand.D)Manyofthemhaveincreasingnumbersofcarsontheroad.25.A)Fosterbetterdrivingbehavior.C)Providebettertrainingfordrivers.B)Abolishalloutdatedtrafficrules.D)Imposeheavierpenaltiesonspeeding.PartJI[ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,搜公众号：四六级考试必过thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Anewstudyhasdrawnableakpictureofculturalinclusivenessreflectedinthechildren'sliteratureavailableinAustralia.Dr.HelenAdamfromEdithCowanUniversity'sSchoolofEducation26theculturaldiversityofchildren'sbooks.Sheexaminedthebooks27inthekindergartenroomsoffourday-'carecentersinWesternAustralia.Just18percentof2,413booksinthetotalcollectioncontainedany28ofnon�whitepeople.Minoritycultureswereoftenfeaturedinstereotypicalortokenisticways,forexample,by29Asianculturewithchopsticksandtraditionaldress.Charactersthatdidrepresentaminoritycultureusuallyhad30rolesinthebooks.ThemaincharactersweremostlyCaucasian.Thiscausesconcernasitcanleadtoanimpressionthatwhitenessisofgreatervalue.Dr.Adamsaidchildrenformedimpressionsabout'difference'andidentityfromaveryyoungage.Evidencehasshowntheydevelopown-race.31fromasyoungasthreemonthsofage.Thebookswe/\f&20216Jj3sharewithyoungchildrencanbeavaluableopportunitytodevelopchildren'sunderstandingofthemselvesandothers.Bookscanalsoallowchildrentoseediversity.Theydiscoverbothsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthemselvesandothers.Thiscanhelpdevelopunderstanding,acceptanceand�ofdiversity.CensusdatahasshownAustralianscomefrommorethan200countries.Theyspeakover300languagesathome.Additionally,Australiansbelongtomorethan100differentreligiousgroups.Theyalsoworkinmorethan1,OOOdifferentoccupations."Australiaisamulticulturalsociety.Thecurrent--1!_promotionofwhitemiddle-classideasandlifestylesrisks_li__childrenfromminoritygroups.Thiscangivewhitemiddle-classchildrenasenseof35orprivilege,"Dr.Adamsaid.A)alienatingF)investigatedK)'secondaryB)appreciationG)overwhelmingL)superiorityC)biasH)portrayingM)temperamentD)fraudI)representationN)tentativeE)housed·J)safeguarded0)thresholdSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowMarconiGaveUstheWirelessWorldA)AhundredyearsbeforeiconicfigureslikeBillGatesandSteveJobspermeatedourlives,anIrish­Italianinventorlaidthefoundationofthecommunicationexplosionofthe21stcentury.GuglielmoMarconiwasarguablythefirsttrulyglobalfigureinmoderncommunication.Notonlywashethefirsttocommunicateglobally,hewasthefirsttothinkgloballyaboutcommunication.Marconimaynothavebeenthegreatestinventorofhistime,butmorethananyoneelse,hebroughtaboutafundamentalshiftinthewaywecommunicate.B)Today'sgloballynetworkedmediaandconimunicationsystemhasitsoriginsinthe19thcentury,when,forthefirsttime,messagesweresentelectronicallyacrossgreatdistances.Thetelegraph,the-telephone,andradioweretheobviouspredecessorsofthe-Internet,-iPotls,and-mobilephones.Whatmadethelinkfromthentonowwasthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopandperfectthissystem,usingtherecently-discovered"airwaves"thatmakeuptheelectromagneticspectrum.C)Between1896,whenhe搜公众号：四六级考试必过appliedforhisfirstpatentinEnglandattheageof22,andhisdeathinItalyin1937,Marconiwasatthecenterofeverymajorinnovationinelectroniccommunication.Hewasalsoaskilledandsophisticatedorganizer,anentrepreneurialinnovator,whomasteredtheuseofcorporatestrategy,mediarelations,governmentlobbying,internationaldiplomacy,patents,andprosecution.Marconiwasreallyinterestedinonlyonething:theextensionofmobile,personal,long­distancecommunicationtotheendsoftheearth(andbeyond,ifwecanbelievesomereports).Someliketorefertohimasagenius,butiftherewasanygeniustoMarconiitwasthisvision.D)In1901hesucceededinsignalingacrosstheAtlantic,fromthewestcoastofEnglandtoNewfoundlandintheUSA,despitetheclaimsofsciencethatitcouldnotbedone.In1924heconvincedtheBritishgovernmenttoencircletheworldwithachainofwirelessstationsusingthelatesttechnologythathehaddevised,shortwaveradio.TherearesomewhosayMarconilosthisedgewhencommercialbroadcastingcamealong;hedidn'tseethatradiocouldorshouldbeusedtofrivolous(::JGJMJ(ID)ends.Inoneofhislastpublicspeeches,aradiobroadcasttotheUnitedStatesinMarch1937,hedeploredthatbroadcastinghadbecomeaone-waymeansofcommunicationandforesawitmovinginanother'*�2021�6J=14direction,towardcommunicationasameansofexchange.Thatwasvisionarygenius.E)Marconi'scareerwasdevotedtomakingwirelesscommunicationhappencheaply,efficiently,smoothly,andwithanelegancethatwouldappeartobeintuitiveanduncomplicatedtotheuser-user­friendly,ifyouwill.ThereisadirectconnectionfromMarconitotoday'ssocialmedia,searchengines,andprogramstreamingthatcanbestbesummedupbyanadmittedlyprovocativeexclamation:the20thcenturydidnotexist.Inasense,Marconi'svisionjumpedfromhistimetoourown.F)Marconiinventedtheideaofglobalcommunication-or,morestraightforwardly,globallynetworked,mobile,wirelesscommunication.Initially,thiswaswirelessMorsecodetelegraphy(It�fiBm.i-tU,theprincipalcommunicationtechnologyofhisday.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopapracticalmethodforwirelesstelegraphyusingradiowaves.Heborrowedtechnicaldetailsfrommanysources,butwhatsethimapartwasaself-confidentvisionofthepowerofcommunicationtechnologyontheonehand,and,ontheother,ofthestepsthatneededtobetakentoconsolidatehisownpositionasaplayerinthatfield.TracingMarconi'slifelineleadsusintothestoryofmoderncommunicationitself.Therewereotherimportantfigures,butMarconitoweredoverthemallinreach,power,andinfluence,aswellasinthegriphehadonthepopularimaginationofhistime.Marconiwasquitesimplythecentralfigureintheemergenceofamodernunderstandingofcommunication.G)Inhislifetime,Marconiforesawthedevelopmentoftelevisionandthefaxmachine,GPS,radar,andtheportablehand-heldtelephone.Twomonthsbeforehedied,newspaperswerereportingthathewasworkingona"deathray,"andthathehad"killedaratwithanintricatedeviceatadistanceofthreefeet."Bythen,anythingMarconisaidordidwasnewsworthy.Stockpricesroseorsankaccordingtohispronouncements.IfMarconisaidhethoughtitmightrain,therewaslikelytobearunonumbrellas.H)Marconi'sbiographyisalsoastoryaboutchoicesandthemotivationsbehindthem.Atonelevel,Marconicouldbefiercelyautonomousandindependentoftheconstraintsofhisownsocialclass.Onanotherscale,hewasaperpetualoutsider.Whereverhewent,hewasnever"of"thegroup;he.wasalwaysthe"other,"consideredforeigninBritain,BritishinItaly,and"notAmerican"intheUnitedStates.Atthesametime,healsosufferedtremendouslyfromaneedforacceptancethatdrove,andsometimesstained,everyoneofhisrelationships.I)Marconiplacedapermanentstamponthewaywelive.Hewasthefirstpersontoimagineapracticalapplicationforthewirelessspectrum,andtodevelopitsuccessfullyintoaglobalcommunicationsystem-inbothtermsoftheword;thatis,worldwideandall-inclusive.Hewasabletodothisbecauseofacombinationoffactors-mostimportant,timingandopportunity-butthesingle-mindednessanddeterminationwithwhich搜公众号：四六级考试必过hecarriedouthisself-imposedmissionwasfundamentallycharacter-based;millionsofMarconi'scontemporarieshadthesameclass,gender,race,andcolonialprivilegeashe,butonlyahandfuldidanythingwithit.Marconineededtoachievethegoalthatwassetinhismindasanadolescent;bythetimehereachedadulthood,heunderstood,intuitively,thatinordertohaveanimpacthehadtobothdevelopanindependenteconomicbaseandalignhimselfwithpoliticalpower.Disciplined,uncriticalloyaltytopoliticalpowerbecamehiscompass.forthechoiceshehadtomake.J)Atthesametime,Marconiwasuncompromisinglyindependentintellectually.ShortlyafterMarconi'sdeath,thenuclearphysicistEnricoFermi-soontobethedeveloperoftheManhattanProject-wrotethatMarconiprovedthattheoryandexperimentationwerecomplementaryfeaturesofprogress."Experiencecanrarely,unlessguidedbyatheoreticalconcept,arriveatresultsofanygreatsignificance...ontheotherhand,anexcessive·trustintheoreticalconvictionwouldhavepreventedMarconifrompersistinginexperimentswhichweredestinedt0bringaboutarevolutioninthetechniqueofradio-communications."Inotherwords,Marconihadtheadvantageofnotbeingburdenedbypreconceivedassumptions./\�20216Jl5K)ThemostcontroversialaspectofMarconi'slife-andthereasonwhytherehasbeennosatisfyingbiographyofMarconiuntilnow-washisuncriticalembraceofBenitoMussolini.Atfirstthiswasnotproblematicforhim.Butastheregressive(fftliJH1g)natureofMussolini's·regimebecameclear,hebegantosufferacrisisofconscience.However,afteralifetimeofmovingwithinthecirclesofpower,hewasunabletobreakwithauthority,andservedMussolinifaithfully(aspresidentofItaly'snationalresearchcouncilandroyalacademy,aswellasamemberoftheFascistGrandCouncil)untilthedayhedied-conveniently-in1937,shortlybeforehewouldhavehadtotakeastandintheconflictthatconsumedaworldthathehad,inpart,created.36.Marconiwascentraltoourpresent-dayunderstandingofcommunication.37.Asanadult,Marconihadanintuitionthathehadtobeloyaltopoliticiansinordertobeinfluential.38.Marconidisapprovedoftheuseofwirelesscommunicationforcommercialbroadcasting.39.Marconi'sexampledemonstratesthattheoreticalconceptsandexperimentscomplementeachotherinmakingprogressinscienceandtechnology.40.Marconi'srealinterestlayinthedevelopmentofworldwidewirelesscommunication:41.Marconispenthiswholelifemakingwirelesscommunicationsimpletouse.42.Becauseofhislong-timeconnectionwithpeopleinpower,MarconiwasunabletocuthimselfofffromthefascistregimeinItaly.43.Inhislateryears,Marconiexertedatremendousinfluenceonallaspectsofpeople'slife.44.Whatconnectedthe19thcenturyandourpresenttimewasthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication.45.Despitehisautonomy,Marconifeltalienatedandsufferedfromalackofacceptance.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupationinevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurturemouldsusmore.Arevolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodernpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofoursociety:personalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes'whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?Itfeelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyintelligencearemakingheadlines.Thisisdownto"hereditarian"搜公众号：四六级考试必过CilH�itag)scienceandarecentpaperclaimed"differencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingselectiveandnon-selectiveschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthem".Withsuchanassertion,theworkwaspredictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsabout"geneticsdeterminingacademicsuccess".Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresult:theeducationalbenefitsofselectiveschoolslargelydisappearoncepupils'inbornabilityandsocio­economicbackgroundweretakenintoaccount.Itisaglimpseoftheblindinglyobvious-andthere'snothingtobackstronglyeitherahereditaryorenvironmentalargument.Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenare"unintentionallygeneticallyselected"bytheschoolsystem.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclaim:thatidentifiablevariationsingeneticsequencescanpredictanindividual'saptnesstolearn,reasonandsolveproblems.Thisisproblematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytellaparenttheirchildhasalowgenetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Unlike-mindedacademicssaytheinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsound.AtbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatisticsareusedtocreateanintimidatoryatmosphereofscientificcertainty.Whilethere'sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothinkthatsocially*�20216J=i6definedgroupscanbegeneticallyaccountedfor.Thefixationongenesasdestinyissurelyfalsetoo.MedicalpredictabilitycanrarelybebasedonDNAalone;theenvironmentmatterstoo.Somethingascomplexasintellectislikelytobeaffectedbymanyfactorsbeyondgenes.Ifhereditarianswanttoadvancetheircauseitwillrequiremorebalancedinterpretationandnotjustacts.ofadvocacy.Geneticselectionisawayofexertinginfluenceoverothers,"theultimatecollectivecontrolofhumandestinies,"aswriterH.G.Wellsputit.Knowledgebecomespowerandpowerrequiresasenseofresponsibility.Inunderstandingcognitiveability,wemustnotelevatediscriminationtoascience;allowingpeopletoclimbtheladderoflifeonlyasfarastheircellsmightsuggest.Thiswillneedamorescepticaleyeonthescience.Astechnologyprogresses,weallhaveadutytomakesurethatweshapeafuturethatwewouldwanttofindourselvesin.46.Whatdidarecentresearchpaperclaim?A)Thetypeofschoolstudentsattendmakesadifferencetotheirfuture.B)Geneticdifferencesbetweenstudentsarefargreaterthansupposed.C)Theadvantagesofselectiveschoolsaretooobvioustoignore.D)Students'academicperformanceisdeterminedbytheirgenes.47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftherecentresearch?A)Itsresultwasquestionable.C)Itsinfluencewasrathernegligible.B)Itsimplicationwaspositive.D)Itsconclusionswereenlightening.48.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherelationshipbetweenDNAandintelligence?A)Itisoneofscientificcertainty.C)Itissubjecttointerpretationofstatistics.B)Itisnotoneofcauseandeffect.D)Itisnotfullyexaminedbygenescientists.49.Whatdohereditariansneedtodotomaketheirclaimsconvincing?A)Takeallrelevantfactorsintoaccountininterpretingtheirdata.B)Conducttheirresearchusingmoresophisticatedtechnology.C)Gathergenedatafrompeopleofallsocialclasses.D)Cooperatewithsocialscientistsintheirresearch.50.Whatdoestheauthorwarnagainstinthepassage?A)Exaggeratingthepoweroftechnologyinshapingtheworld.B)Losingsightofprofessionalethicsinconductingresearch.C)Misunderstandingthefindingsofhumancognitionresearch.D)Promotingdiscriminationinthenameofscience.PassageTwoQuestions51toSSarebased搜公众号：四六级考试必过onthefollowingpassage.NicolaSturgeon'sspeechlastTuesdaysettingouttheScottishgovernment'slegislativeprogrammefortheyearaheadconfirmedwhatwasalreadyprettyclear.ScottishcouncilsaresettobethefirstintheUKwiththepowertolevychargesonvisitors,withEdinburghlikelytoleadtheway.Touristtaxesarenotnew.TheHimayalankingdomofBhutanhasalongstandingpolicyofchargingvisitorsadailyfee.France'staxonovernightstayswasintroducedtoassistthermalspa(t'lffi.jjl)townstodevelop,andaroundhalfofFrenchlocalauthoritiesuseittoday.Butsuchleviesareontherise.MovesbyBarcelonaandVenicetodealwiththephenomenonof"over-tourism"throughtheuseofchargeshaverecentlygainedprominence.JapanandGreeceareamongthecountriestohaverecentlyintroducedtouristtaxes.ThattheUKlagsbehind�sduetoourweak,byinternationalstandards,localgovernment,aswellastheoppositiontotaxesandregulationofouraggressivelypro-marketrulingparty.Some