Unit1 LifeChoicesSectionⅣ Grammar走近新课·一起感知语法探究·一起思考随堂练习走近新课·一起感知语法感知写出画线部分在句中所做的成分1.Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit. 2.Wecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy. 3.Eachbirdlovestohearitselfsing.
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语;定语 状语 宾语 4.Itishardtopleaseall. 5.Toknoweverythingistoknownothing. 6.Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim. 主语 主语;表语宾语;宾语补足语语法探究·一起思考知识脉络语法精讲知识脉络语法精讲动词不定式和-ed/-ing形容词一、动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等,但不能做谓语。其结构如下:基本结构:to+动词原形(有时不定式符号to可以省略)。否定形式:notto+动词原形。1.不定式用作主语动词不定式用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。TotakecareofthelittlechildreniswhatIwanttodo.照看这些小孩子是我想做的事情。为了避免头重脚轻,常用it做形式主语放在句首,而将真正的主语置于句末。Itisimportantforyoutoworkhardatcollege.在大学里努力学习对你来说是重要的。注意在“Itis+adj.+不定式〞句型中,当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时,要由of引出逻辑主语,不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever,foolish,kind,nice,polite,silly,stupid,wise等。It’swiseofyoutotakeyourteacher’sadvice.你听取老师的建议是明智的。【即学即用】完成句子①说服他改变主意是不可能的。Itisimpossible . ②他做出这样的决定是很傻的。Itisfoolishofhim . topersuadehimtochangehismindtomakesuchadecision2.不定式用作表语不定式放在be,become,sound等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job,suggestion等表示意向、打算、
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的词。Mypresentjobistoanswerthephonecalls.我目前的工作是接。【即学即用】完成句子③他的理想是长大后做一名医生。Hiswishis . ④我的建议是立即开始工作。Mysuggestionis atonce. tobeadoctorwhenhegrowsuptostartwork3.不定式用作宾语(1)不定式可以直接用作及物动词的宾语。只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,attempt,choose,claim,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hope,learn,manage,neglect,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seem,tend,volunteer,want,wish等。Themanrefusedtopickuphiswifeatthestation.这个人拒绝去车站接他的妻子。Aftertheaccident,hedeterminedtogiveupsmoking.那起事故之后,他决定戒烟。(2)不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how,whether等疑问词。Pleaseshowushowtousethenewmachine.请告诉我们怎样使用这台新机器。Thegirldidn’tknowwhattodonext.这个女孩不知道下一步该做什么。(3)有时可用it做形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。Ithinkitveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.我认为学一门外语是很重要的。【即学即用】单句语法填空⑤Heconsidereditimpossible (finish)theworkwithintwodays. ⑥Shewonderedwhat (expect)inthefuture. tofinishtoexpect完成句子⑦我不知道他为什么拒绝回答这个问题。Idon’tknowwhyhe . ⑧从我身边走过时,他假装不认识我。He whenhewalkedpastme.refusedtoanswerthisquestionpretendednottoknowme4.不定式用作宾语补足语(1)不定式常跟在以下动词之后做宾语补足语:ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,command,enable,encourage,expect,feel,force,find,inform,invite,mean,notice,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,warn等。Myfriendinvitedmetoseethefilmyesterday.昨天我的朋友邀请我去看了电影。Herparentsdidn’tallowhertogooutatnight.她的父母不允许她晚上出去。(2)当不定式用于表示致使意义的词(如:let,have,make)以及表示感觉的词(如:see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel)后面用作宾语补足语时,要省略to。I’llhavemysisterbuysomefoodforyou.我会让我妹妹去给你买一些食物。注意上述动词变为被动语态时不定式符号to不能省略。Theyoungmanisoftenseentodrawbytheriver.经常看到这个年轻人在河边画画。【即学即用】单句语法填空⑨Thebosshadthegirl (buy)somedrinksforthechildren. ⑩Theofficerorderedthepeople (leave)thebuilding. buytoleave完成句子11请提醒我今晚给父母写信。Pleaseremindme . 12你可以请你哥哥帮你学习英语。Youcanaskyourbrother . towritetomyparentstonighttohelpwithyourEnglish5.不定式用作定语(1)动词不定式用作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Bequiet,please.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.请安静,我有重要的事情要说。Hewasluckytohavegotachancetoattendtheparty.他很幸运,得到了参加那个派对的机会。(2)如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,那么动词后面就应有必要的介词。Pleasegivetheoldmanaroomtolivein.请给这个老人一个房间住。(3)当中心词为序数词,形容词最高级,thelast,theonly等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式做定语。Sheisalwaysthelastonetoleaveherofficeeveryday.她每天总是最后一个离开办公室。Hewastheonlypersontoattendmyparty.他是唯一一个参加我派对的人。【即学即用】单句语法填空13I’dliketogowithyou,butIhaveseveralemails (answer). 14Sheisalwaysthefirststudent (arrive)atschool.toanswertoarrive完成句子15他梦想着有去美国学习的机会。Hedreamsoftherebeingachance intheUSA.16这个女孩是村里唯一受过教育的人。Thegirlistheonlyperson inhervillage.tostudytoreceiveeducation6.不定式用作状语(1)表示目的Thewomanwenttothehospitaltoseeherfriendyesterday.昨天这个女人去医院看望了她的朋友。Tokeepupwithothers,hehasbeenstudyingveryhard.为了赶上别人,他一直在努力学习。(2)表示结果动词不定式用作状语表示结果时常用于以下结构:so+形容词/副词+astodo如此……以至于……such+形容词+名词+astodo如此……以至于……enough+名词+todo足够……名词/形容词/副词+enough+todo足够……too+形容词/副词+todo太……以至于不能……Thegirlisnotsostupidastodothat.这个女孩还没有蠢到做那种事。注意不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外的结果。Theyhurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他们匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经离开了。(3)表示原因不定式用作原因状语,常用在某些表示情感的形容词之后。I’msorrytohearthatyouareill.听说你病了,我很难过。【即学即用】单句语法填空17I’mglad (pick)youupatthestationtoday. 18Shehurriedhome,only (find)thedoorwasbroken. topicktofind完成句子19他大声说着,为的是大家都听见他说话。Hespokeloudly . 20这个男孩太弱,搬不动这个箱子。Theboywastooweak . tomakehimselfheardtoliftthebox二、-ed/-ing形容词1.动词-ed形式用作形容词通常用于描述人的情感。常见的-ed形容词有ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried等。2.动词-ing形式用作形容词主要用于描述情境、人或事物。常见的-ing形容词有delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying等。Thefilmisveryinteresting.这部电影很有趣。Theboyisveryinterestedinthisnewgame.小男孩对这个新游戏很感兴趣。Thewomanhasafrightenedlookonherface.这个女人的脸上带有惊恐的神情。Thewomanhasafrighteninglookonherface.这个女人脸上带有吓人的神情。【即学即用】单句语法填空①Whatyoudidreallymadeyourfather (surprise).②Forsuchlittlechildren,itwasreallyan (excite)film.完成句子③她的脸上露出了满意的微笑。Therewas onherface. ④老师让我们今晚去听那个鼓舞人心的报告。Theteacheraskedustolistentothe tonight.surprisedexcitingasatisfiedsmileinspiringreport随堂练习一、单句语法填空1.Themotherwas (satisfy)withwhathersonsaidtoher.
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:satisfied2.“Comeon,boys!〞saidthefansinan (excite)voice.答案:excited3.Whattheprofessorsaidreallymadethestudents (confuse). 答案:confused4.Forthepeoplelivinghere,it’sreallya (frighten)experience. 答案:frightening5.Thewomangotupveryearly (catch)theearlybusthatmorning. 答案:tocatch6.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroom,only (tell)thatitwasbeingdecorated. 答案:tobetold7.Allofuswereverysurprised (hear)thathehadleftthecompany. 答案:tohear8.Itisverydifficultforus (finish)thewholeworkintwodays. 答案:tofinish9.Itisnotalwayseasy (refuse)suchaninvitation. 答案:torefuse10.How (solve)theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting. 答案:tosolve二、单句改错1.Thekindwomaniseasytogetalongandwealllikeher.答案:along后加with2.HerwordsmademetofeellikeIwasacheat.答案:去掉to3.I’msorryhavekeptyouwaitingthereforsolongatime.答案:sorry后加to4.Herworkistakegoodcareofthesepoorchildren.答案:is后加to
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