考研考博-英语-湖南中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案篇详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博- 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 -湖南中医药高等专科学校考试押 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 卷含 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfillsevenmoreofitsmedicalpromise.Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanResearchInstitute,“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.”Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthecorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofthehumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.61.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.62.Thechiefpurposeofgerm-lineengineeringisto______.63.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.64.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.65.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.问题1选项A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebateB.germ-lineengineeringfailstofulfillsomeofitsmedicalpromisesC.germ-lineengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearchD.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall问题2选项A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffectsB.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgenerationC.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseasesD.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill问题3选项A.actualworkongerm-lineengineeringhasbeenunderwayB.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtaskC.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbrightD.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata问题4选项A.ethicalproblemsinvolvedB.abnormalgenestobealteredC.thecodeoflifetobesearchedforD.protectinghealthygenes问题5选项A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepastB.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfutureC.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfutureD.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】61.推理判断题。题干意思是“通过说‘潜在的奖励肯定会闪闪发光’，作者的意思是……”。根据题干可定位到第二段，第二段第一句Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.（潜在的奖励定将闪闪发光）是本段落的中心句，随后讲到了基因研究的美好前景，制造更好的药物，让人们选择治疗疾病的合适的疗法，第二段最后两句提到Aninbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects,thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（在两者之间，还有更诱人的前景，数以千计的新药用于以前无法治疗的疾病；为个人量身定制的药物，副作用少得多，能够替换有缺陷的基因，从源头上消除疾病），由此我们可以推断，这种基因研究会成为一项颇有成效的研究，即胚系工程研究；故C项“胚系工程必将证明是一项卓有成效的研究”符合题意。A项“追寻人类的生命密码肯定会引发很多争论”该段没有提到争论；B项“胚系工程不能履行它的一些医疗承诺”和D项“基因研究的潜在奖金实际上被证明是很小的”都与原文不符。因此，该题选择C项正确。62.细节事实题。题干意思是“胚系工程的主要目的是……”。根据第二段第二句Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgerm-lineengineering.（在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的胚系工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病）可知，胚系工程的目的是防止遗传疾病，故B项“防止有缺陷的基因传给下一代”正确。A项“开发适合每个人的副作用更少的药物”和C项“为以前无法治愈的疾病开发药物”是通过基因工程的研究来实现的，不是主要的目的；D项“为绝症患者找出最好的治疗方法”文章未提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。63.推理判断题。题干意思是“从第三段的第一句话我们可以知道……”。根据题干可以定位到第三段第一句，文章说Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun（但是将碱基对的数据转化为新疗法的核心工作已经开始了），接着又继续提到Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.（在过去的好年景里，可能会有两三个；去年，已经发现了29个）可推断，将碱基对的数据转化为新疗法的前景很好，故C项“找到新疗法的前景似乎很光明”符合题意。A项“胚系工程的实际工作正在进行中”，文章说的是已经开始一段时间了，与原文不符；B项“摆脱有缺陷的基因被证明是一项艰巨的任务”在该段没有体现；第三段提到Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofayear.（在一年的时间里，我记录了一份与人类疾病有关的基因记录）可知研究人员已经开始收集与人类疾病有关的基因数据，D项“研究人员已经开始收集人类基因组数据”表述不够准确。因此，该题选择C项正确。64.细节事实题。题干意思是“作者警告说，在试图改变人类基因时，应特别注意……”。第四段最后一句指出However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在处理了重大伦理保留意见和对可能出现的意外结果的安全担忧之后，才允许对生命守则进行这种不可逆转的干预），由此可知，在试图改变人类基因时，应该特别注意人类之间的伦理和可能出现的意外结果，所以A项“涉及的道德问题”符合题意。B项“被改变的异常基因”，这属于改变人类基因的结果而非注意的地方；C项“寻找生命的密码”和D项“保护健康基因”在该段没有体现。因此，该题选择A项正确。65.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据珀维斯博士的说法，人类……”。最后一段作者阐述人类基因组的探索将在短期和长期内造福于医疗保健，但是价格昂贵且无法避免病毒和细菌疾病造成的损害；随后引出一个abravenewworld（一个勇敢的新世界），并用珀维斯博士的话回答：itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind…andweneverhaveinthepast.（在未来的很长一段时间可能是这样的，但这是基于人类相当傲慢的观点，即人们会理解我们发现的一切，而我们过去从来没有这种想法），可以推断，人类比我们过去要傲慢，所以A项“比我们过去更傲慢”符合题意。B项“在不久的将来将能够监测所有疾病”表述太绝对；C项“比我们更了解我们的未来”和D项“可能不理解我们发现的一切”表述与文章不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.单选题Ourgenerationhasmadesuchimmensediscoveriesandachievedsuchundreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflife,thatithaslosttouchwiththeinsideoflife.Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance:richesandbeautiesthatgofarbeyondourmodernchatteraboutvaluesandideals.Themind'ssearchformorebreadthhasobscuredtheheart'scravingformoredepth.Onceagainmanhasbecomethedupeofhisowncleverness.Andbecauseitisdifficulttoattendtomorethanafewthingsatatime,weleaveoutagreatrangeofexperienceswhichcomesinbyanotherrouteandtellsusofanotherkindoflife.Ourinterestrushesouttothefarthestlimitsoftheuniverse,butweseldomtakeasoundingoftheoceanbeneathourrestlesskeels.Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.Thusthelifeofthehumanspirit,whichoughttomaintainabalancebetweentheworldvisibleandtheworldinvisible,isthrownoutofgear.1.Whichofthefollowingmaybestserveasthetitleofthepassage?2.Theauthorofthispassageimplieshisconcernoverman's（）3.Theauthorsuggeststhatmanneedsto（）4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?5.Whatissomethingthatweareleavingoutaccordingtotheauthor?问题1选项A.Man'sNeedforWisdom.B.TheInvisibleWorld.C.TheHeartandMindofMan.D.TheGrowthofKnowledge.问题2选项A.inhumanitytoothermenB.emphasisonthematerialisticinlifeC.explorationsinthefarthestlimitsoftheuniverseD.lackofknowledgeofthevisibleworld问题3选项A.becleverer.B.learntodomorethanonethingatatimeC.givemoreattentiontothespiritD.becomemoresocial问题4选项A.Thesoulofmenisrestless.B.Peoplespendtoomuchtimeinidletalk.C.Manistooconcernedwiththingsofthespirit.D.Manshouldsearchformorebreadthinhislife.问题5选项A.ImmensediscoveriesB.UndreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflifeC.WisdomD.Knowledge【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。这段文章主要讲述了人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况。文章的倒数第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”进行了点题,人们的知识增长了,但智慧却远远落后,所以人们需要智慧。2.判断推理题。根据上一题可以知道,文章就是在说人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况,所以由此推断,作者担心的是人类过于关注物质世界。选项B正确。3.细节事实题。福据文章中的Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance。可以知道作者还是很希望大家更多的关注内在世界,所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据文中“Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.”我们有一种奇怪的感觉,觉得我们遗漏了什么。选项B说的是表象,选项C和D错误。所以只有选项A符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据文中的倒数第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”由此推断,人们遗失的是智慧。3.单选题Besurenottomentionthiswhenyou（）aboutthisproblem.问题1选项A.weretalkingB.willtalkC.havebeentalkingD.aretalking【答案】D【解析】考查时间状语从句，当从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，主语是一般现在时，when引导时间状语从句用现在进行时，所以本题D是正确答案。4.单选题Ascientistdoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Instead,healwayschecks,studiesandmakesexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto_____them.问题1选项A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析动词。A选项testifyv.证明，作证，证实；B选项verifyv.核实，查证；C选项affirmv.肯定，断言；D选项assertv.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。5.单选题10.问题1选项A.Johnhashiddensomethinginthetree.B.Johnhimselfshouldbeblamed.C.Johnhasadogthatbarksalot.D.Johnisunlucky.【答案】B【解析】W:DidyouknowthatJohnfailedinthemathexam?M:Yes.Andheblameditonbadluck.ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?【解析】常用习语。男士说：ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree(我觉得他找错原因了)。6.单选题ThesinglebusinessofHenryThoreau,duringforty-oddyearsofeageractivitywastodiscoveraneconomycalculatedtoprovideasatisfyinglife.Hisoneconcern,whichgavetohisramblingsinConcordfieldsavalueofhighadventure,wastoexplorethetruemeaningofwealth.Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.Thefirstwasquiteimpossible—toimprisononeselfinatreadmillwhenthemorningcalledtogreatadventure.Toexploitone’sfellowsseemedtoThoreau’ssensitivesocialconscienceanevengreaterinfidelity.Freedomwithabstinenceseemedtohimbetterthanserfdomwithmaterialwell-being,andhewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.Thestoryofhisemancipationfromthelowereconomicsistheoneromanceofhislife,andWaldenishisgreatbook.ItisabookinpraiseofliferatherthanofNature,arecordofcalculatingeconomicsthatstudiedsavinginordertospendmorelargely.Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,inspiteofitsexplicitdenialofsuchapurpose.Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,thatthecostofathingistheamountoflifethatisrequiredinexchangeforit,immediatelyorinthelongrun.InWaldenThoreauelaboratedthetext:Theonlywealthislife.1.ThoreaustartedanexperimentatWaldenPondwiththehopeof（ ）.2.ToThoreauthebestsolutiontotheproblemofeconomicsis（ ）.3.Thoreauholdsthatthecrucialthingforpeopletodoisto（ ）.4.InthebookWaldenallofthefollowingcanbefoundexcept（ ）.5.Thoreau’sattitudetowardsocietycanbestbecharacterizedasoneof（ ）.问题1选项A.learninghowtolivequietlyB.writingabookonphilosophyC.discoveringwhathumanscanlearnfromnatureD.workingoutthebestadjustmenttomateriallife.问题2选项A.toliveaverysimplelifeB.tobecomeself-sufficientC.toliveinthecountryD.toreformthesociety问题3选项A.haveabetterunderstandingofwhatlifemeansB.liveharmoniouslywithnatureC.tosaveasmuchasonepossiblycanD.tolivealifethatoneiscontentwith问题4选项A.thenatureofeconomyB.themeaningoffreedomC.thecriticismofsocietyD.Ruskin’sphilosophy问题5选项A.acceptanceB.avoidanceC.indifferenceD.individualism【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WaldenPond”定位到文中“...hewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.”他满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，开始生活的崇高事业，直面生活的基本事实，看看生活能教给他什么。也就是去发现人类可以从大自然中学到什么。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键信息“theproblemofeconomics”定位到文中“Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.”随着他对经济学问题的理解，有三种可能的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 摆在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者让问题回归到最本质的状态。接下来阐述了前面两种可能都是不可行的；然后解释了“让问题回归到最本质的状态”其实就是过简单快乐的生活，所以选项A正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文“Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.”他不主张其他人应该建造小木屋，过与世隔绝的生活。他不想武断地认为什么是最好的生活方式——每个人都必须自己解决这个问题。但他非常关心的是，我们应该要过一种令人满意的生活。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据原文最后几句话可知：“Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,...”涉及选项C；“Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,that...”涉及选项A和D；只有选项B没有涉及，所以本题选B。5.观点态度题。根据原文内容可知，Thoreau满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，过上简单却满足的生活，实际上是想逃离现在的社会，说明他对社会是持逃避的态度，所以选项B正确。选项D含有贬义，所以选项B更恰当。7.单选题Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.问题1选项A.decomposeB.decodeC.enlightenD.enclose【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose“分解，腐烂”；decode“解密，破译”；enlighten“启示”；enclose“围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。8.单选题Thephonehasrungsooftentodaythatitisbecomea/an（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.frustrationC.distressD.nuisance【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项interruption“中断，干扰”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项distress“危难，不幸”；D选项nuisance“麻烦事”。句意：今天电话响了很多次，真烦人。选项D符合句意。9.单选题问题1选项A.Todropherbusinessproposal.B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.【答案】B【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D医疗打印技术到中国，我想你还需要细化一下方案）”，可知B选项“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要详细阐述一下她的建议）”符合原文。A选项“不考虑她的商业建议”；C选项“衡量企业的损益”；D选项“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。10.单选题Weshallneverbeableto（）ourselvestrulyunlessweareworkingforthewelfareofourfellows.问题1选项A.realizeB.spotC.accomplishD.fulfill【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。realize着重指把过去的计划或意愿变成现实;spot为动词时指的是"沾上污渍";accomplish是正式用词,强调一个过程的完成,也可指依靠努力达到一定目的,或取得一定的结果;fulfill强调梦寐以求,强调满足。句意：除非我们为他人的福利而工作,否则我们永远不可能真正实现自我。选项D更恰当。  11.单选题TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.问题1选项A.hasbeendreamingofB.havebeendreamingofC.hasdreamedD.willhavedreamed【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“foryears”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。12.单选题Hisconstantattemptsto（ ）hiscolleagues'achievementeventuallycausedhisdismissal.问题1选项A.withdrawB.diminishC.restrainD.confine【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。withdraw“收回，取回”；diminish“减少，减损”；restrain“遏制，管制”；confine“限制”。句意：他不断尝试贬低他同事的成就，最终导致他被解雇了。选项B符合题意。13.单选题Hisnewlypublishedbookadvancedthe（）thatwhalesareasintelligentashumans.问题1选项A.rulingB.proposalC.hypothesisD.protocol【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项ruling“统治，支配；裁定”；B选项proposal“提议，建议；求婚”；C选项hypothesis“假设”；D选项protocol“协议；草案；礼仪”。句意：他最新出版的书提出鲸鱼如同人类一样聪明的假设。结合句意，C选项正确。14.翻译题2013年12月份以来，中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。北京、上海、南京等相继沦陷为雾霾重灾区，湖北、浙江、湖南、江苏、安徽等地雾霾天创下历史纪录。国家气象局数据显示，今年以来中国平均雾霾天数已经创出52年来之最。虽然政府部门采取了工业企业关停减产的措施应对雾霾肆虐，但收效甚微，雾霾正在对人们的生活产生越来越多的负面效应：学校停课、汽车限行、高速封闭。而更让有关部门尴尬的是，制造出雾霾的空气污染物来源，目前仍然是一个谜。自京津冀频繁发生雾霾起，几年过去了，对于其形成的具体原因暂无定论。大多数的专家给出答案，重污染天气形成的主要原因有二：污染物排放总量过大和不利气象条件。具体看来，长三角周边更多为化工、水泥等企业，其工业废气组成更为复杂。当然，问题的复杂性从来不是延缓解决方案的借口。在历经了京津冀地区的雾霾恐慌后，今年9月国务院出台了《大气污染防治行动计划》，涉及包括京津冀、长三角和珠三角在内的重点控制区的水泥、化工等六大重污染行业以及燃煤工业锅炉的新建项目。从目前学界的研究来看，PM2.5的治理绝非易事。这样的长期计划要先布局，再行动，最后是对企业发力。类比国外相关案例，二十世纪四五十年代，无论是洛杉矶雾霾爆发还是伦敦雾霾事件，最后都是在政府和企业合力后，达成协议，最后以《清洁空气法》等法案的形式完成监督。【答案】SinceDecember2013,25provincesandmorethan100largeandmedium-sizedcitiesofChinaonceagain havehithaze.CitieslikeBeijing,Shanghai,Nanjingareshroudedbytheheavyhaze.Thedurationofthefog daysofHubei,Zhejiang,Hunan,Jiangsu,Anhuihitsthehistoricalrecord.Accordingtothedatafromthe NationalWeatherBureau,sofarthisyear’saveragenumberofdayswithhazehasalreadyexceededthepast highestrecordintheprevious52years.Inordertocopewiththeissuehazecaused,governmenthadtookactionssuchasclosingdownindustries anddecreasingenterprisesyield,butwithlittleeffect.Hazehasmoreandmorenegativeeffectsonpeople’s  lives:classsuspension,expresswayclosureandcarrestrictions.Whatmadetheauthoritiesmoreembarrassed isthatthesourcesproducingtheairpollutantofthehazeisstillamystery.IthasbeenseveralyearssincetheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregionswerehitbyfoghaze.Butnoconclusion forthespecificcausesofitsformationhasbeenreached.Mostoftheexpertsbelievethattwomainreasons attributetotheheavypollutionweather:excessivedischargeofpollutantsandadverseweatherconditions.Specifically,theYangtzeRiverdeltaismainlysurroundedbychemicalindustry,cementplantsandother enterprises.Thechemicalcompositionofindustrialwastegasismorecomplex.Ofcourse,thecomplexityoftheproblemwillneverbetheexcusefordelayingthesolutiontoproblems.AfterbeinghorrifiedbythehazeofBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion,inthisSeptemberStateCouncilissued“Air PollutionPreventionandControlActionPlan”whichaimsatcomprehensivelycontrollingthesixheavy pollutionindustriessuchascementandchemicalindustryinthekeycontrolledregionsincludingBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei,YangtzeRiverDeltaandPearlRiverDelta,andatnewprojectsofcoal-firedboilers.Accordingtothecurrentacademicresearch,it’snoteasytoharnessPM2.5.Tofulfillsuchlong-termplan,firstofallweshouldmakearrangement,thentakeeffectiveaction,andfinallyexertforcesonindustries.Byanalogywithrelatedcasesabroadinthe40sand50soflastcentury,wefoundthat,whetheritisLos AngeleshazeburstorLondonhazeevent,thesupervisionwasfinallycarriedonintheformoftheCleanAir Actwithanagreementandunitedeffortofgovernmentandenterprises.    15.单选题Atpresentratesofdemand,theworldhasenoughoilinknownandeconomicallyviablereservestolastformorethan40years,enoughgasformorethan60yearsandenoughcoalformorethan230years.Naturally,demandwillincrease;butsowillreservesascompaniesexploremorewidelyandcostsfall.Since1970viablereservesofoilhavealmostdoubledwhilethoseofgashaveleaptthree-fold.Onedistantdayadifficultsituationwillcome,butasitapproaches,fossil-fuelpriceswillrise,makingalternativeformsofenergy,perhapsincludingnuclearpower,competitive.Thatisnoreasontospendonnuclearrightnow.Alloilshockisamoreworryingprospectdespitetoday’slowoilpriceandOPEC’spresentinabilitytobudgeitupwards.However,evenifanoilshockisarealdanger,buildingnuclearreactorsisnotagoodwaytoavertit.Ahigheroilpricewouldhavearelativelysmalleffectonthesupplyofelectricity-theonlysortofenergythatnuclearpowercannowprovide.Justoveratenthoftheworld’selectricityisgeneratedfromoil,andtheproportionhassteadilyfallensince1970.Transport,bycontrast,reliesalmostentirelyuponoil,alreadyswallowinghalftheworld’soilsupplyandlikelytotakeanevenlargerchunkinthefuture.Ifthesupplyofoilwerecutofftomorrow,billionsofpeoplewouldfindthemselvesimmobile.Relativelyfewwouldbewithoutelectricity.Thecongestionandpollutionareseriousproblems,andtheycouldtrytorestrictthegrowthofcaruse,orpromotecarswhichuselessfuel.Forgovernmentskeentoreduceelectricity’sdependenceonoilstillfurther,thereareusuallycheaperalternativestonuclear,suchascoalorhydropower.Climatechangeisalegitimateworry.Althoughstillriddledwithuncertainties,thescienceofclimatechangeisbecomingfirmer:puttoomuchcarbonintheatmosphereandyoumightendupcookingtheearth,withpossiblecatastrophicresults.Buthereagainswitchingimmediatelytonuclearpowerisnotthebestresponse.Cuttingthelargersubsidiesthatgototheworld’scoalproducerswouldhelptilttheworld’senergybalancetowardsnaturalgas,whichgivesoffmuchlesscarbondioxide.Developingcountriessubsidizeelectricitypricesupto$120billionayear,accordingtoWorldBankestimates.Ifpricereflectedthetruecostsofgeneration,electricitydemandwouldfall,thus,cuttinggreenhouseemissions.1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?2.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTbetrueifanoilshockcamesoon?3.WhatisNOTmentionedasawaytoprepareforanoilshock?4.Whatismeantby“cookingtheearth”?5.Whatisthemainaimofthepassage?问题1选项A.Oil,gasandcoalplayanimportantroleinenergysupply.B.Themorereserves,thegreaterdemandthereisforenergy.C.Thereisnopointinbotheringaboutnuclearpoweratpresent.D.Someotherformsofenergywillreplacefossilfuelssomeday.问题2选项A.Itwouldn’taffectmuchofthesupplyofelectricity.B.Itwouldhavegreatimpactontransport.C.Theworldwouldbebadlyinneedofnuclearplants.D.Oilpricewouldgoupwards.问题3选项A.Exploitingnuclearenergyinstead.B.Promotingcarswhichconsumelessfuel.C.Buildingupstockofoilforfutureconsumption