高级英语课文翻译马克吐温

高级 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 课文翻译马克吐温2009-05-0321:00高级英语Lesson9.MarkTwain---MirrorofAmericaNoelGroveMostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.In-deed,thisnation'sbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasad-venturous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.IfoundanotherTwainaswell–onewhogrewcynical,bitter,saddenedbytheprofoundpersonaltragedieslifedealthim,amanwhobecameobsessedwiththefrailtiesofthehumanrace,whosawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight.Trampprinter,riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,prospector,starry-eyedoptimist,acid-tonguedcynic:ThemanwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuelLanghorneClemensandherangedacrossthenationformorethanathirdofhislife,digestingthenewAmericanexperiencebeforesharingitwiththeworldaswriterandlecturer.Headoptedhispennamefromthecryheardinhissteamboatdays,signalingtwofathoms(12feet)ofwater--anavigabledepth.Hispopularityisattestedbythefactthatmorethanascoreofhisbooksremaininprint,andtranslationsarestillreadaroundtheworld.Thegeographiccore,inTwain'searlyyears,wasthegreatvalleyoftheMississippiRiver,mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart.Keelboats，flatboats,andlargeraftscarriedthefirstmajorcommerce.Lumber,corn,tobacco,wheat,andfursmoveddownstreamtothedeltacountry;sugar,molasses,cotton,andwhiskeytravelednorth.Inthe1850's,beforetheclimaxofwestwardexpansion,thevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStates.YoungMarkTwainenteredthatworldin1857asacubpilotonasteamboat.Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvariedacosmos.Heparticipatedabundantlyinthislife,listeningtopilothousetalkoffeuds,piracies,lynchings,medicineshows,andsavagewatersideslums.Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographicSteamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace,ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.Hisfourandahalfyearsinthesteamboattrademarkedtherealbeginningofhiseducation,andthemostlastingpartofit.InlaterlifeTwainacknowledgedthattheriverhadacquaintedhimwitheverypossibletypeofhumannature.Thoseacquaintanceshipsstrengthenedallhiswriting,butheneverwrotebetterthanwhenhewroteofthepeoplea-longthegreatstream.Whenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemandforsteam-boatpilotsandtheCivilWarhaltedcommerce,MarkTwainlefttherivercountry.HetriedsoldieringfortwoweekswithamotleybandofConfederateguerrillaswhodiligentlyavoidedcontactwiththeenemy.Twainquitafterdeciding,"...Iknewmoreaboutretreatingthanthemanthatinventedretreating."HewentwestbystagecoachandsuccumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfeverinNevada'sWashoeregion.Foreightmonthsheflirtedwiththecolossalwealthavailabletotheluckyandthepersistent,andwasrebuffed.Brokeanddiscouraged,heacceptedajobasreporterwiththeVirginiaCityTerritorialEnterprise,toliterature'senduringgratitude.Fromthediscouragementofhisminingfailures,MarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.Theinstantrichesofaminingstrikewouldnotbehisinthereportingtrade,butformakingmoney,hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.Inthespringof1864,lessthantwoyearsafterjoiningtheTerritorialEnterprise,heboardedthestagecoachforSanFrancisco,thenandnowahotbedofhopefulyoungwriters.MarkTwainhonedandexperimentedwithhisnewwritingmuscles,buthehadtoleavethecityforawhilebecauseofsomescathingcolumnshewrote.Attacksonthecitygovernment,concerningsuchissuesasmistreatmentofChinese,soangeredofficialsthathefledtothegoldfieldsintheSacramentoValley.Hisdescriptionsoftherough-countrysettlersthereringfamiliarlyinmodernworldaccustomedtotrendsettingontheWestCoast."Itwasasplendidpopulation–foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome...ItwasthatpopulationthatgavetoCaliforniaanameforgettingupastoundingenterprisesandrushingthemthroughwithamagnificentdashanddaringandarecklessnessofcostorconsequences,whichshebearsuntothisday–andwhensheprojectsanewsurprise,thegraveworldsmilesasusual,andsays'Well,thatisCaliforniaallover.'"Inthedrearywinterof1864-65inAngelsCamp,hekeptanotebook.Scatteredamongnotationsabouttheweatherandthetediousmining-campmealsliesanentrynotingastoryhehadheardthatday–anentrythatwoulddeterminehiscourseforever:"Colemanwithhisjumpingfrog–betstranger$50–strangerhadnofrog,andC.gothimone–inthemeantimestrangerfilledC.'sfrogfullofshotandhecouldn'tjump.Thestranger'sfrogwon."Retoldwithhisdescriptivegenius,thestorywasprintedinnewspapersacrosstheUnitedStatesandbecameknownas"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty."MarkTwain'snationalreputationwasnowwellestablishedas"thewildhumoristofthePacificslope."TwoyearslatertheopportunitycameforhimtotakeadistinctlyAmericanlookattheOldWorld.InNewYorkCitythesteamshipQuakerCitypreparedtosailonapleasurecruisetoEuropeandtheHolyLand.Forthefirsttime,asizablegroupofUnitedStatescitizensplannedtojourneyastourists--amilestone,ofsorts,inacountry'sdevelopment.Twainwasassignedtoaccompanythem,ascorrespondent工foraCalifornianewspaper.Ifreadersexpectedtheusualglowingtravelogue,theyweresorelysurprised.UnimpressedbytheSultanofTurkey,forexample,hereported,“...onecouldsetatrapanywhereandcatchadozenablermeninanight.”Casuallyhedebunkedreveredartistsandarttreasures,andtookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand.Backhome,morenewspapersbeganprintinghisarticles.Americalaughedwithhim.UponhisreturntotheStatesthebookversionofhistravels,TheInnocentsAbroad,becameaninstantbest-seller.Attheageof36TwainsettledinHartford,Connecticut.Hisbestbookswerepublishedwhilehelivedthere.Asearlyas1870TwainhadexperimentedwithastoryabouttheboyhoodadventuresofaladhenamedBillyRogers.Twoyearslater,hechangedthenametoTom,andbeganshapinghisadventuresintoastageplay.Notuntil1874didthestorybegindevelopinginearnest.Afterpublicationin1876,TomSawyerquicklybecameaclassictaleofAmericanboyhood.Tom'smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcherarealmostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolsto-dayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.MarkTwain'sowndeclarationofindependencecamefromanothercharacter.SixchaptersintoTomSawyer,hedragsin"thejuvenilepariahofthevillage,HuckleberryFinn,sonofthetowndrunkard."FleeingarespectablelifewiththepuritanicalWidowDouglas,Huckproteststohisfriend,TomSawyer:"I'vetriedit,anditdon'twork;itdon'twork,Tom.Itain'tforme...Thewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabell–everything'ssoawfulreg'larabodycan'tstandit."NineyearsafterTomSawyersweptthenation,Huckwasgivenalifeofhisown,inabookoftenconsideredthebesteverwrittenaboutAmericans.HisraftflightdowntheMississippiwitharunawayslavepresentsamovingpanoramaforexplorationofAmericansociety.Ontheriver,andespeciallywithHuckFinn,Twainfoundtheultimateexpressionofescapefromthepacehelivedbyandoftendeplored,fromlife'sregularitiesandtheenergy-sappingclamorforsuccess.MarkTwainsuggestedthataningredientwasmissingintheAmericanambitionwhenhesaid:"Whatarobustpeople,whatanationofthinkerswemightbe,ifwewouldonlylayourselvesontheshelfoccasionallyandrenewouredges."Personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife,inthedeathsoflovedones:hisfather,dyingofpneumoniawhenSamwas12;hisbrotherHenry,killedbyasteamboatexplosion;thedeathofhisson,Langdon,at19months.Hiseldestdaughter,Susy,diedofspinalmeningitis,Mrs.ClemenssuccumbedtoaheartattackinFlorence,andyoungestdaughter.,Jean,anepileptic,drownedinanupstairsbathtub.Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.Themoralizingofhisearlierwritinghadbeenwellpaddedwithhumor.Nowtheglovescameoffwithbitingsatire.HepretendedtopraisetheU.S.militaryforthemassacreof600PhilippineMorosinthebowlofavolcanic,crater.InTheMysteriousStranger,heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusionsanddependuponhimself,notProvidence,tomakeabetterworld.Thelastofhisownillusionsseemedtohavecrumbledneartheend.Dictatinghisautobiographylateinlife,hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironmen'sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles:"...theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;wheretheyachievednothing;wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandafoolishness;wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexisted–aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandfor-getthemforever.”第九课 马克&S226;吐温——美国的一面镜子(节选)诺埃尔&S226;格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克&S226;吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克&S226;费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆&S226;索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克&S226;吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克&S226;吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克&S226;吐温原名塞缪尔&S226;朗赫恩&S226;克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。