A105A105

Designation: A 105/A105M – 98 An American National Standard Endorsed by Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Used in USDOE-NE Standards Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the ANSI and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A 266. Tubesheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included within the scope of this specifi- cation. Although this specification covers some piping compo- nents machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular products, (see 4.4) it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. 1.3 Specification A 266/A 266M covers other steel forgings and Specifications A 675, A 695, and A 696 cover other steel bars. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde- pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.” 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 266/A 266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components3 A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami- nation of Steel Forgings3 A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products3,4,5 A 675 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot–Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties3 A 695 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, for Fluid Power Applications3 A 696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Com- ponents3 A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products3,4,5 A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re- quirements3 E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination6 E 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys7 2.2 MSS Standards: SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions8 SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges8 2.3 ASME Standards: Section IX, Welding Qualifications, ASME Boiler and Pres- sure Vessel Code9 B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings9 B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings9 B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer- rous Valves9 B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded9 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22 on Valves, Fittings, Bolting, and Flanges for High Sub- atmospheric Temperatures. Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Originally published as A 105 – 26 T. Last previous edition A 105/A 105M – 97a. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. 7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 8 Available from Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209. 9 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017. 1 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End9 B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges9 2.4 API Standards: API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves10 API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use10 2.5 AWS Standard: AWSA 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes11 3. Ordering Information 3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information as necessary to pur- chase the needed material. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the following: 3.1.1 Quantity, 3.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions (Tolerances and surface finishes should be included), 3.1.3 Specification number (The year date should be in- cluded), 3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, and 3.1.5 Additional requirements (See Table 1 footnotes, 12.1, and 16.2). 4. Materials and Manufacture 4.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic- oxygen, or electric-furnace process and shall be fully killed. 4.2 A sufficient discard shall be made from source material to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segrega- tion. 4.3 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the specified shape and size. 4.4 Except for flanges of all types, hollow cylindrically shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled bar, forged bar, or seamless tubular materials provided that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts (up to and including NPS 4) not including flanges may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. 4.5 Except as permitted by 4.4, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology Section of Specifica- tion A 788. 5. Heat Treatment 5.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this specification except for the following piping components: 5.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,12 5.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature rat- ings of Class 300, Group 1.1, 5.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or design temperature are not known, 5.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above Class 300, and 5.1.5 Piping components of Special Class13 other than flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) when the working pressure at the operating tempera- ture exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group 1.1. 5.2 Heat treatment when required by 5.1 shall be annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and tempering. 5.2.1 Annealing—The procedure for annealing shall consist of allowing the forgings immediately after forging or rolling, to cool to a temperature below 1000°F [538°C]. They shall then be reheated to a temperature between 1550°F [843°C] and 1700°F [927°C] to refine the grain (a group thus reheated being known as an “annealing charge”) and allowed to cool uni- formly in the furnace. 5.2.2 Normalizing—The procedure for normalizing shall consist of allowing the forgings, immediately after forging or rolling, to cool to a temperature below 1000°F [538°C]. They shall then be uniformly reheated to a temperature between 1550°F [843°C] and 1700°F [927°C] to refine the grain (a group thus reheated being known as a “normalizing charge”) and allowed to cool in air. 5.2.3 Tempering—The procedure for tempering shall con- sist of heating the forgings to a temperature between 1100°F [593°C] and the lower transformation temperature for a mini- mum of 1⁄2 h/in. [1⁄2 h/25.4 mm] of maximum section thickness. 5.2.4 Quenching—The procedure for quenching shall con- sist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgings followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or (2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered as prescribed in 5.2.3. 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements 10 Available from American Petroleum Institute, 2101 L St. N.W., Washington, DC 20037. 11 Available from American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135. 12 For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5. 13 For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements NOTE—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.35 %. Element Composition, % Carbon 0.35 max Manganese 0.60–1.05 Phosphorus 0.035 max Sulfur 0.040 max Silicon 0.10–0.35 Copper 0.40 maxA Nickel 0.40 maxA Chromium 0.30 maxA,B Molybdenum 0.12 maxA,B Vanadium 0.05 max Columbium 0.02 max A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %. B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %. A 105/A105M 2 specified in Table 1. Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751 shall apply. 6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used. 7. Cast or Heat (Formerly Ladle) Analysis 7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made from samples taken, preferably during the pouring of the heat, and the results shall conform with Table 1. 8. Product Analysis 8.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on forgings supplied to this specification. Samples for analysis may be taken from midway between center and surface of solid forgings, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow forgings, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations, or from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to Table 1 within the tolerances stated in Table 2. 9. Mechanical Properties 9.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property requirements prescribed in Table 3 and Table 4. 9.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with Table 3 and Table 4, specimens shall be obtained from production forgings after heat treatment, when heat treatment is required, or from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished product. Such test blanks shall receive approximately the same working as the finished prod- uct. The test blanks shall be heat treated with the finished product. 9.3 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen shall correspond to the 1/4 T plane or deeper position, where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented forging. In addition, for quenched andtempered forgings, the midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treated surface. When section thickness does not permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as near as possible to the prescribed location. 9.4 Tension Tests: 9.4.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of as-forged components. 9.4.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each heat shall be tested. 9.4.2.1 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are controlled within 625°F [614°C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are available, then one tension test from each heat is required instead of one test from each heat in each heat- treatment charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a furnace charge. 9.4.3 Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The largest feasible round specimen as described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are machined from seamless tubulars. The gage length for measuring elongation shall be four times the diameter of the TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis NOTE—Product cross-sectional area (taken at right angles to the axis of the original ingot or billet) is defined as either: (a) maximum cross-sectional area of rough machined forging (excluding boring), (b) maximum cross-sectional area of the unmachined forging, or (c) maximum cross-sectional area of the billet, bloom, or slab. Permissible Variations over the Maximum Limit or Under the Minimum Limit, % 200 in.2 [1290 cm2] and Under Over 200 to 400 in.2 [1290 to 2580 cm2], incl Over 400 to 800 in.2 [2580 to 5160 cm2], incl Over 800 to 1600 in.2 [5160 to 10 320 cm2] incl Over 1600 in.2 [10 320 cm2] Carbon 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 Manganese: Up to and including 0.90 0.91 and over 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 Phosphorus 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 Sulfur 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 Silicon 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 Copper 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Nickel 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Chromium 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Molybdenum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Vanadium 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Colombium 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 TABLE 3 Mechanical RequirementsA Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 70 000 [485] Yield strength, min, psi [MPa]B 36 000 [250] Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %: Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] and over in thickness, strip tests. 30 When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gage length equal to 4D is used 22 For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32 -in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] from the basic minimum elongation of the percentage points of Table 4 1.50C Reduction of area, min, %D 30 Hardness, HB, max 187 A For small forgings, see 9.4.4. B Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under- load method. C See Table 4 for computed minimum values. D For round specimens only. A 105/A105M 3 test section. When hollow cylindrically shaped parts are machined from seamless tubular materials, strip tests may be used. 9.4.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] diameter or larger (see Test Methods and Definitions A 370) parallel to the dimension of maximum working, and produced in equipment unsuitable for the production of a separately forged test bar such as an automatic or semi-automatic press, may be accepted on the basis of hardness only. One percent of the forgings per lot (see Note 2), or ten forgings, whichever is the lesser number, shall be selected at random, prepared, and tested using the standard Brinell test in Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The locations of the indentations shall be at the option of the manufacturer but shall be selected to be representative of the forging as a whole. One indentation per forging shall be required but additional indentations may be made to establish the representative hardness. The hardness of all forgings so tested shall be 137 to 187 HB inclusive. NOTE 2—A lot is defined as the product from a mill heat or if heat treated, the product of a mill heat per furnace charge. 9.5 Hardness Tests—Except when only one forging is produced, a minimum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or continuous run as defined in 9.4.2.1 to ensure that forgings are within the hardness limits given in Table 3. When only one forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested as defined in 9.4.2.1 to ensure it is within the hardness limits given in Table 3. Testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has been met by testing at any location on the forging, provided such testing does not render the forging useless. 10. Hydrostatic Tests 10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating of the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by the forging manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S7 is specified. 11. Retreatment 11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to the requirement specified, the manufacturer may heat treat or reheat treat the forgings as applicable and repeat the test specified in Section 9. 12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 12.1 The forgings shall be free of injurious imperfections, as defined below, and shall have a workmanlike finish. At the discretion of the inspector representing the purchaser, finished forgings shall be subject to rejection if surface imperfections acceptable under 12.3 are not scattered but appear over a large area in excess of what is considered a workmanlike finish. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the fittings shall be cleaned to remove all scale and processing compounds prior to final surface examination. The cleaning process shall not injure the surface finish, material properties, or the metallurgical structure. The cleaned fittings shall be protected to prevent recontamination. Protective coatings on socket weld and butt welding fittings shall be suitable for subsequent welding without removal of the coating. When specified in the purchase order, parts may be furnished in the as-formed or as-forged condition. 12.2 Depth of Injurious Imperfections—Selected typical linear and other typical surface imperfections shall be explored for depth. When the depth encroaches on the minimum wall thickness of the finished forging, such imperfections shall be considered injurious. 12.3 Machining or Grinding Imperfections Not Classified as Injurious—Surface imperfections not classified as injurious shall be treated as follows: 12.3.1 Forgings showing seams, laps, tears, or slivers not deeper than 5 % of the nominal wall thickness or 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm], whichever is less, need not have these imperfections removed. If the imperfections require removal, they shall be removed by machining or grinding. 12.3.2 Mechanical marks or abrasions and pits shall be acceptable without grinding or machining provided the depth does not exceed the limitations set forth in 12.2 and if not deeper than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. If such imperfections are deeper than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm], but do not encroach on the minimum wall thickness of the forging, they shall be removed by grinding to sound metal. 12.3.3 When imperfections have been removed by grinding or machining, the outside dimension at the point of grinding or machining may be reduced by the amount removed. Should it be impracticable to secure a direct measurement, the wall thickness at the point of grinding, or at imperfections not required to be removed, shall be determined by deducting the amount removed by grinding from the nominal finished wall thickness of the forging, and the remainder shal