2014年专业八级改错专项试题

专业八级改错专项试题 、一（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,50共分）50.0 第1题 In last two years the world has seen an intensification (1) ______. in the search for sustainable development and social (2) ______. responsible business. A series of events, from demonstrations at the WTO meetings in Seattle expressing dissatisfaction for the effects of economic globalization, the terrorist attacks (3) ______. on the WTO in New York on "9·11", corporate financial scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Ahold, the collapse (4) ______. of He Argentinean economy and the Internet bubble, have extended this search from wastern social and environmental circles to mainstream economic and business circles across the globe. According to Hazel Henderson, a leading thinker on economics and development, the traditional economic (5) ______. profession is in a state of crisis. We witness such impoverishing (6) ______. of millions in Thailand, Indonesia and the other "tiger economies" during the Asian meltdown, as well as in Russia, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. Too often, luring people from their traditional ways and communities into monetarized urban areas has proved unsustainably and led to such human tragedies. (7) ______. This criticism is recognized by an increasing number of mainstream economists, who are "defecting" their orthodoxies. They are helping expand the horizons of the economics profession toward a more modest, inclusive and inter-disciplinary stance. Leading universities and institutes like the World Bank are stepping up research (8) ______. on alternate development indicators, accounting for "softer" (9) ______. values such as environment, social values and general well being of the society with a long term time horizon. These efforts reflect much of that the notion of Gross National Happiness is all about. (10) _____. In response to the scandals in corporate governance and the increased call for truly responsible business leadership, the western business community is also exploring alternatives. 【正确答案】： Last前面加上定冠词the。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析冠词的用法。last two years 在文中是确定特指，所以应该用定冠词。复数名词前如果用零冠词，就成了类指，不符合上下文的意思。 第2题 【正确答案】： social改成socially。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本座辨析形容词的修饰语。social修饰responsible，而不是修饰business，所以应该用副词形式。 第3题 【正确答案】： for改成with。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析名词与介词的搭配。名词satisfaction和介词with搭配是固定的。同样，名词 dissatisfaction 也是和with搭配。 第4题 【正确答案】： the collapse前面加上to。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析介词和介词的搭配。这是一个相当复杂的介词词组，从from demonstrations at the WTO meetings in Seattle expressing dissatisfaction with the effects of economic globalization开始，与最后的the collapse of the Argentinean economy and the Internet bubble遥相呼应，在这样比较复杂的介词词组中，一定要照顾到前后的对应，不能把最后一个名词词组前的介词to遗滑。 第5题 【正确答案】： economic改成economics。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析同根的形容词与名词作修饰语的差异。economic和economics是同根词，都可以作名词的修饰语。但是，同样作修饰语，意思却不相同。Economic是“经济的、经济上的”， economics是“经济学”。文中是表示“经济学这一行业”，所以应该用名词economics作修饰语。 第6题 【正确答案】： witness改成witnessed。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析动词的时态。涉及到动词时态的问题一定要通读全句甚至是全文，找出动作或状态发生的时间。这一句的时间状语是during the Asian meltdown，是指过去的时间，所以应该用一般过去时。 第7题 【正确答案】： unsustainably改成unsustainable。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析形容词作主语补足语。prove作为不及物动词时，是一个系动词，其后跟形容词或名词词组作主语补足语，所以应该把副词unsustainably改成unsustainable。 第8题 【正确答案】： institutes改成institutions。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析名词institute和institution。这是两个经常容易被棍淆的名词。Institute的意思是“an organization set up to do research or teaching”，即“学院、研究所”；institution的意思是 “a large important organization such as a university, a church，or a bank”，即“公共机构、社会团体”。世界银行应该是一个“公共机构”，所以应该用institution。 第9题 【正确答案】： alternate改成alternative。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析形容词alternate和alternative。alternate的意思是“happening regularly after each other”，即“交替的、轮流的”，例如：alternate dry and wet seasons。Alternative 的意思是“being used，had，or done instead of something else”，即“可供选择的”。例如：If this approach cannot work，try to find an alternative one. 从上下文的意思来看，是说找到替代的指标，所以应该用alternative。 第10题 【正确答案】： that改成what。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题辨析名词性分句。that the notion of Gross National Happiness is all about本质上是一个名词性分句作介词of的补足成分。但是用从属连词that引导是不合适的，因为这个名词性分句的引导词在名词性分句中充当介词about的补足成分，应该用连接代词what引导。 第11题 In the Age of Genetics, you no longer have to try to cut out smoking or think twice about gobbling that candy bar in your desk drawer. And forget jogging in (1) ______ a cold morning. The die was cast long ago, from the moment when the parental sperm (2) ______ and egg first integrate. The resulting package of chromosomes has programmed every (3) ______ step of your life. So sit back, relax and leave the driving with someone else. But one (4) ______ problem remains: this new world order is at sharp odd with an older theism, that blame (5) ______ can and must be assigned in every human transaction. We have built a vast judicial- industrial complex that offers lawsuits for every need, satisfying various urges like the (6) ______ wish for fairness or revenge, for getting rich quick or simply getting your due. This all- blame all-the-time approach applies to much more than determining culpability would a (7) ______ neighbor trip on your lawn and break an arm. It also says that people are responsible for their own health- and illness. It is your error if you develop cancer or a heart attack (8) ______ because you didn't eat, think or breathe right. You have allowed the corrosive effect of unresolved anger or stress or poor self-esteem undermine your health. So if you are sick (9) ______ or miserable or both, it's your own darned fault. No wonder we fled. The transition from the chaotic, barking family feud character of lawsuits to the sleek silence of a future devotes to cloning and splicing genes surely derives from something larger than (10) ______ scientific opportunity or our fascination with "Star Trek". 【正确答案】： 答案:in→on。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 在早上，一般用in the morning，但如果morning前面出现形容词修饰时，则具体到某一天，介词用on。 第12题 【正确答案】： 答案:the moment when the→the moment the。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 表示时间的词如moment和day等后面不用再使用when引导定语从句。 第13题 【正确答案】： 答案:integrate→integrated。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 保持时态一致，用一般过去时。 第14题 【正确答案】： 答案:with→to。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 leave sth.to sb.固定搭配。 第15题 【正确答案】： 答案:odd→odds。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 odd和odds是两个不同意义的词，前者指的是“奇数的、奇怪的”，后者在此指“差别”。 第16题 【正确答案】： 答案:various→varied。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 various强调许多种类，后者强调种类多且不相同。 第17题 【正确答案】： 答案:would→should。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 情态动词使用不当。 第18题 【正确答案】： 答案:error→fault。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题考查的是固定搭配it is your faul…。 第19题 【正确答案】： 答案:self-esteem⊥undermine→to。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 注意动词不定式，allow sth./sb.to do sth.。 第20题 【正确答案】： 答案:devotes→devoted。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 后置定语，be devoted to doing是固定搭配。 第21题  In the early 1450s cultural change in Europe fueled a growing  need for the rapid and cheap production of written documents. Before this time, scribal monks hand-copied sacred texts for centuries. But for the secular world began to develop and (1) ______ distribute new forms of sacred texts, the scribes could not keep up the demand. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith and businessman (2) ______ from southern Germany, foresees the profit-making potential for a (3) ______ printing press that used movable metal type, and borrowed money to develop that we know now as the modern printing press. He (4) ______ developed his press by combing features of existed technologies: (5) ______ textile, papermaking and wine presses. Perhaps his most significant innovation, therefore, was the (6) ______ efficient molding and casting of movable metal type. Gutenberg designed a Latin print Bible which became his most famous work. Despite of the dramatic success of his printing press, (7) ______ Gutenberg managed to default on a loan and lost his whole printing establishment. His techniques were made publicly and his creditor (8) ______ won the rights to the proceeds from the Gutenberg Bibles. In 1476, William Caxton set up England's first printing press. Caxton had been a prolific translator and found the printing press to be a marvelousway to expand his mission of promoting unpopular literature, the innovation of the printing press ultimately (9) ______ influenced art, literature, philosophy and politics. Today, print is thought of as one of the markers of key historical shifts in (10) ______ communication, creating a social and intellectual transform. 【正确答案】： 答案:for→as/because [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 but for意为“倘使，假如”，用在此处显然文意不通，从上下文判断，此处应为表示原因的连词，but为转折，句意为：“但是由于世俗世界中开始出现和散布新形式的圣 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ，手抄本已跟不上需求”。for引导原因从句时，是不可以放在句首的，故将for改为as或是because。 第22题 【正确答案】： 答案:⊥the→with [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 “手抄本跟不上需求”应为keep up with(赶上，跟上)，而keep up意为“继续，坚持”等，作“跟上”解时，为不及物动词，不能直接接the demand作宾语。 第23题 【正确答案】： 答案:foresees→foresaw [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题所在处句子介绍发明打印机的背景，与下一句中的he developed his press都是发生在过去的事情，因此应为过去时态，这里的foresaw与后面的borrowed为并列谓语。 第24题 【正确答案】： 答案:that→what [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本题所在部分作develop的宾语从句，其中代词在该从句中作know的宾语。that只能在宾语从句成分完整的情况下引导从句，而充当宾语从句中主语或宾语的应为代词what，这里意为“我们现在所知道的现代印刷机”。 第25题 【正确答案】： 答案:existed→existing [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 此处technologies前为分词作定语，exist为不及物动词，不能用过去分词表示被动。因为是指当时存在的技术，故使用现在分词existing作定语，意为“现有技术”。 第26题 【正确答案】： 答案:therefore→however [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 上一句指出“他将纺织、造纸、榨葡萄汁的现有技术特点组合起来，发展了印刷术”。本句意为“也许，他最有意义的发明是活动金属块的成型和铸造技术”，两句之间无因果关系，应为转折关系。 第27题 【正确答案】： 答案:Despite of→去掉of [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 despite后面直接跟名词，例如：Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday．而in spite必须加of来接宾语。 第28题 【正确答案】： 答案:publicly→public [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 此句换作主动语态则为made his techniques publicly，副词用来修饰动词、形容词或句子，作状语；从结构来看，句中publicly处在宾补的位置上，而make后面应为形容词作宾补，例如：She will make him happy．故此处应用形容词public。 第29题 【正确答案】： 答案:unpopular→popular [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 本句意为：Caxto是一个多产的翻译家，他发现印刷术非常棒，能够帮助他完成推广流行文学作品的使命…。如果文学作品不是大众(popular)文化，不受欢迎，就谈不上推广，故将unpopular改为popular。 第30题 【正确答案】： 答案:transform→transformation [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 此处要求用名词作非谓语动词creating的宾语，transform是动词，需要改为对应的名词。此句意为：如今，印刷术被视为通讯领域重要变革的一个指示标，能够带来社会和学术方面的变化。 第31题 If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mess basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, (1) ______ our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, moreover, has no such (2) ______ Choice, for the two jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists (3) ______ in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the country, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to (4) ______ support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate for both producers and users of scientific services. In education there should (5) ______ be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that attribute to effective thinking (6) ______ and wise judgment. Such balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases between the natural sciences (7) ______ themselves. By contrast, we must have a balance between the current and classical (8) ______ knowledge. The attention of the public is continuously drawn to new possibilities (9) ______ in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention from the sound, established materials that form the basis of (10) ______ courses for beginners. 【正确答案】： 答案:mess→mass。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词语使用错误，形近意远。 第32题 【正确答案】： 答案:moreover→however。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 逻辑上应为转折意味，而非递进。 第33题 【正确答案】： 答案:specialist→specialists。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 此可数名词前面无冠词，故用复数。 第34题 【正确答案】： 答案:country→nation。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 前后一致，都用nation。 第35题 【正确答案】： 答案:for→。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 educate是及物动词。 第36题 【正确答案】： 答案:attribute→contribute。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 contribute to表示“对……做出贡献”，attribute to表示“归因于”。 第37题 【正确答案】： 答案:between→among。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 between指二者之间。among则用于三者及三者以上。 第38题 【正确答案】： 答案:By contrast→Similarly。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 逻辑不对，此处表示“与此类似的”，而非“对比”。 第39题 【正确答案】： 答案:continuously→continually。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 二者都可表示“不断的”，continual还有一层意思就是“反复的、经常的”，文中意思是科学领域不断出现新的可能性吸引了公众注意，故用后者更合适。 第40题 【正确答案】： 答案:attention⊥from→away。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 这里显然应加上介词away。 第41题 Variations among state insurance laws can cause problems for families. If you do (1) ______ your homework before moving to another state, you may find that your insurer has dropped you or raised your monthly premiums on hundreds of dollars. Florida, for (2) ______ example, does not have a guaranteed-issue law, and the state's program as the insurer of last resort has not accepted new applicants in nearly 15 years despite of legislative (3) ______ efforts to reopen it. That comes as a shock to many early retirers moving to Florida, (4) ______ said Wayne Sakamoto, a health insurance agent in Naples who is also president of the Florida Association of Health Underwriters. After being turned off by nearly every (5) ______ company that offers individual policies in Florida, the Johnsons was worried. They (6) ______ said that they were basically healthy for their age and that they took some medications (7) ______ --Mr. Johnson for high blood pressure and Mrs. Johnson for arrhythmia--that were white flags for some insurers. But having a high-deductible policy allows them to (8) ______ make pretax contributions to a health saving account, up to their deductible. Any (9) ______ money they do not spend on health care can be rolled over to following years. As is the case with an individual retirement account, any withdrawals made before the age of 65 would be taxed and hit with a 10 percent penalty. After 65, there is no penalty, but any withdrawals for medical expenses would be taxed. (10) ______ 【正确答案】： 答案:If you⊥do→don't。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 从上下文看，此处是否定意思，故应加上don't。 第42题 【正确答案】： 答案:on→by。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词搭配错误。 第43题 【正确答案】：答案:despite of→despite 。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 注意in spite of和despite的用法与区别，despite后面直接跟成分。 第44题 【正确答案】： 答案:retirer→retirees。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 两个词词根一样，但意义不同，前者指退休这件事情，后者指退休了的人。 第45题 【正确答案】： 答案:off→down。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 搭配错误。turn down表示拒绝，turn off指关灯一类行动。 第46题 【正确答案】： 答案:was→were。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 Johnsons指其一家人，故用复数。 第47题 【正确答案】： 答案:and→but。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 结合上下文，此处是转折而非顺承关系。 第48题 【正确答案】： 答案:white→red。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 形容词错误，red flag指警报信号。 第49题 【正确答案】： 答案:saving→savings。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 saving指的是存款，savings指储蓄，这里讲的是储蓄账户。 第50题 【正确答案】： 答案:withdraw→withdramals。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词性错误，这里应该改为名词形式。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com