全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案全

Unit 1 Text Organization P11 ": ■■■■ ■■ - Parts Paragraphs' ' Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter. Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 2. Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section 33TTThreeThree Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war Of the war P14 Vocabulary I.1.1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations 2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of P15 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through P16 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike. 3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso​lete. 4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases. 2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con​stant internal struggle in an organization. 3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. P17 II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. P18 III. Usage 1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it. 3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. ■ P19 Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 2. stand in the way 4. catching... off his guard 6. declaration 8. drag on 10. bringing...to a halt (A) 1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 10.bring…to a halt P19- (B) 1. allow 2. reckoned 3. highly 4. forecasts 5. rapidly 6. instant 7. delivery 8. advantage 9. observing 10. Powerful P20 II. Translation 1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons. 3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate. 4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment. 5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The divi​sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckly enough,thanks to the severe cold weather which made the marsh froze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. Part III TextB .- 2. d 4. a Comprehension Check 1. d 3. b Translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. boast 2. obstacles 3. was concerned 4. call ...off 5. paid off 6. was pinned down 7. are contesting 8. prior to 9. holdout 10. objective 11. responsible for 12. in case 13. favorable 14. due to 15. on the eve of 16. cancel 17. complications 18. stiff 19. withstand 20. absent ■ Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Writing Strategy Tick which of the following is more convincing: It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy. √ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote: "... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." P28 Model Paper Can Man Triumph over Nature? When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power. Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of - disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come. However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it. (154 words) Unit 2 Text org. Ex. 2 On P38 1. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act; 2. They can eliminate most of car accidents 3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen 4. They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby; 5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy; 6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-39 1) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting 4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time 7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) converted I. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-42 1.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of 5. hazards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic 9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got/was stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P42 1. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for 4. were closing in on 5. starting up 6. went through 7. fill out 8. fall into Vocabulary: Ex.3 on P43 1) incorporates all the latest safety features. 2) two trees ten feet apart. 3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm. 4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars. 5) are correlated in all racial groups. Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P43 1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to 2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency 3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard II. Word Formation on P45 Kilogram Medical care Memorandum Electronic mail Gymnasium Communications satellite Liberation News broadcast Doctor Sky hijack Veterinarian European dollar Preparatory Breakfast and lunch Automobile Television broadcast influenza Oxford and Cambridge --------------------------------------- III. Usage on P45-46 1) swimming pool 2 ) drawing board 3 ) enriched Middle English 4 ) disturbing change 5 ) fully developed prototype 6 ) Canned foods 7 ) working population 8 ) puzzling differences Comprehensive Exs.: I. cloze 1. Text-related on P46 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor 2. Theme-related on P47 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities II. Translation Ex. 1 on P47-48 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance. 2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems. 3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures. 4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently. 5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach. Translation : Ex. 2 on P48 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3 Language Sense Enhancement on P72 1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings 5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating 8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective Language focus Voc. Ex. 1 on P75 1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76 §Ex. 2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up §Ex. 3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night 2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace 3) will be in readers' hands soon 4) do your homework before going on an interview. 5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. §Voc . Ex. 4 on P77 1）applicants, veteran, the prospective 2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter 3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 78 1. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean 4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable iii. Usage on P79-80 1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first. 2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. Bythe way, I have something here for you. 3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why is this an advantage? 4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai. 5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible? 6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive Exercises Cloze §1. Text-related on P80 (1) Prospective (2)As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) Endeavor (6) structure (7) Partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up §2. Theme-related on P81 (1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples (5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibit Translation on P81-82 1) Despite theinadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while. 2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries. 3) We have the technology and ourpartner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands. 4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. Yousee, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack. 5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area. Translation 2. on P82 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success. Part III Home Reading Task §Comprehension Check on P87 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.b §Translation on P87 1.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。“你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。” 2.当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“终于有了归宿。” 3.她留着新式的发型，是我所喜欢的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，穿着下摆印有花纹的裙子。由于她怀孕已快足月，所以她向我走过来时似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。 4.我跟哈内德先生说了，你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 的。他挺不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了 Language Practice §Ex. 1. on P88 1) g 2)f 3) a 4) e 5) h 6) b 7) c 8) d §Ex. 2. on P88-89 1) intricate 2) came at 3) administration 4) benign 5) get in 6) scraps 7) brand 8) carved 9) coiled 10) quivered 11) take on 12) put in a (good) word P90 Model Application Letter Rm.316,New College Dormitory Xuanwu University,2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing,Jiangsu,210008 Tel025)9709399 Email:hqin@yahoo.com.cn August 25,2010 Dr.Guoliang Li Dirctor of the Human Resources Office Shanghai Star 20F,Huaihai Building 200 Huaihai Road(Middle) Shanghai 200021 Dear Dr.Li, In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet,I learned of a job vacancy in the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements you have listed for the position. As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and editing skills,particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college,English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favorite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as well-known as your own. My resume reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a professional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines,all of which I successfully met. I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was admitted to the Journalists’ Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I wasthe vice chairman of the Students’ Union in my university for two years. The enclosed resume provides further information about my experience and background. I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025)9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Hong Qin Unit 4 Text A Text rganization 1. P103 Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum Part Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture Part Three ppppPTThreeThree Paras 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects Part Four Paras. 9-11 Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces 2. Main Events 1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country. 2. Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident of birth. 3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. 4. Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected market-place in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Vocabulary I. P106 1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark 5) entitled 6) displace 7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen 9) contradictions 10) aspires 11) divorced 12) pendulums 2. 1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart 5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8) turn away 3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus. 2) Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker. 3) Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters. 4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research. 5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal. 5. a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investment b) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance between c) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scale II. Word Formation P110 WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 GDP Gross domestic product 国内生产总值 ATM Automated teller machine 自动出纳机 VAT Value-added tax 增值税 CAD Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 IT Information technology 信息技术 IDD International direct dialing 国际直拨电话 MTV Music television 音乐电视 Radar Radio detecting and ranging 雷达 IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会 VIP Very important person 贵宾，大人物 Laser Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光 CPU Central processing unit 中央处理器 III. Usage P111 1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday. 2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze P111 2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12.strikea balance balance balance (A) 1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B) 1. aided 2.effects 3.distances 4. connected 5. invested 6. features 7. prevailing 8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing II. Translation P112 1.) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere. 2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work. 3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth. 4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you? 5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries. 2． Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. P120 Model Paper Is Globalization Welcome? Is globalization welcome? Yes,it is.Indeed,there is much to be said for it. To begin with,globalization enables corporations to search for the most advantageous locations to buy,produce and sell goods and services.Take the car for example. A certain brand of car may be designed in Germany,a country known for its automobile industry. The cars are then manufactured in China where relevant raw materials and labor are comparatively inexpensive. Finally they are sold in some Asian and Latin American countries where they are in great demand.Evidently the way things are done can benefit greatly companies and countries concerned. Lastly,globalization helps build a more harmonious world. With the world becoming much smaller and people much closer, there must be more and more social and cultural exchanges. As a result,deeper understanding between nations is promoted and consultation prevails over confrontation. Does globalization cause problems,then? Yes,it does. However, so long as countries try to globalize in a cautious and judicious manner,many of them can be solved. l Part III Text B Comprehension Check 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. d Translation 1. 如果9/11 有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。 2. “全球化疲劳在欧美仍很显著，而在中国和印度这样的地方，你会发现人们急切地想参与到经济扩张进程中来，”印度国大党的首席经济顾问杰伦兰密施说。 3. 印度大多数人是不是还生活在贫穷的乡村？确实如此。我们是不是需要强迫富裕的西方国家进一步开发市场，好让贫穷国家销售它们最擅长的东西；食品和纺织品，以使全球化更公平呢？当然需要。 4. 一，全球化有优点也有缺点，但如果参与全球化的国家有恰当的制度和管理，它们就能从中获得最大的好处，并且能缓和最不利的方面造成的影响， Language practice 1. 1) d 2) f 3) e 4) a 5) b 6) g 7) h 8) c 2. 1) globalizing 2) software 3) stable 4) subsidies 5) A majority of 6) in evidence 7) add to 8) so be it 9) blew up 10) take advantage of 11) phase out 12) You bet P135 Part 1 Writing The Mobile Phone A decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few.Now it is found everywhere. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the miracles of modern communications history. The advantages of the mobile phone are obvious. First, you can carry it around wherever you go. You don’t have to look for a pay phone to make a call when you are away from home or office. Besides, you don’t have to have a notebook for phone numbers as they can be stored in its memory. With a mobile phone, you can even log your computer onto the Internet and send e-mails. What’s more, in remote areas, where it costs a lot of money to lay telephone lines, the mobile phone is a convenient substitute. Finally, in an emergency the mobile phone can save lives. To take one recent incident, an American woman whose car got bogged down and buried in heavy snow was rescued thanks to a mobile phone she kept in her car. However, the mobile phone still has room for improvement. One thing is the battery. You have to recharge it almost every day. If you neglect to do so, you’ll find the signal weak or receive no signal at all. Another thing is the call making a sales pitch. They are an absolute nuisance. If the mobile phone could automatically receive important calls and filter out the unwanted ones, it would be all the better for us users. Part 2 Bacbd da 8.the gap between the rich and the poor 9.technology 10.cleaner Part 3 Section A Section B CACCD DACCB ACDBA CAABB BCABD Section C 36.embarking 37.hunt 38.entry-level 39.navigating 40.sign 41.facilitated 42.match 43.chosen 44.As an intern or co-op student,you typically receive academic credit rather than a paycheck in exchange for your work 45.As a volunteer,you can usally get more flexibility with your time commitment than with an internship 46.an intern at a not-for-profit organization may have the opportunity to job shadow another employee and to engage in the same meetings and events as their colleagues Part 4 47.J 48.M 49.F 50.G 51.A 52.H 53.L 54.B 55.D 56.O 57.C 58.B 59.A 60.A 61.A 62.B 63.C 64.A 65.D 66.B 67.B 68.A 69.B 70.C 71.A 72.B 73.D 74.A 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.A 79.B 80.B 81.A 82.B 83.B 84.C 85.D 86.B Part 5 87.has turned the driverless car into a reality 88.underestimated the heroic resistance of the Russian People 89.From the standpoint of a prospective buyer 90.The government is committed to accelerating economic growth 91. These forces that stand in the way of globalization Unit 5 Text A Text oganization 1. P147 Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1 It is no easy to judge people, for they aren’t always what they appear to be Part Two Paras 2-3 Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. Part Three Paras 4-51 History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects sections Paragraphs Main Ideas section One Paras 4-16 What Edward knew about Lenny section Two Paras 17-31 How Edward responded to Lenny’s request section Three Paras 32-51 How Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of help Vocabulary P150 I 1) In a way 2) in accordance with 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto 9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2. 1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback 3. 1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation. 2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim 3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that. 4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long. 5) are often deceptive 4. 1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces 2) definite / is capable of /her vanity 3) too mild / sipping / stroke II. Usage 1. Except for 2. except that 3. except 4. except when 5. except to 6. except what 7. except where 8. except that III. P155 vocabulary spelling AmE BrE AmE BrE apartment flat favorable favourable can tin paralyze paralyse candy sweets labor labour elevator lift meter metre faculty staff (of a university) catalog catalogue first floor ground floor leveling levelling gas, gasoline petrol theater theatre mail post defense defence railroad railway plow plough pants trousers program programme subway tube, underground practice (v.) practise corn maize characterize characterise store shop tire tyre (on a car) Comprehensive exercises I. Cloze P155 1. 1. insane 2. current 3. candid 4. capable 5. was taken aback 6. in good condition 7. constitution 8. go all to pieces 9. gone broke 10. vacancy 11. mild 12. deceptive 2. P156 1. suspected 2. pleading 3. confirmed 4. stunned 5. lucrative 6. jewellery 7. wealthy 8. urge 9. spell 10. arrested II. Translation P156 1. 1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer. 2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises. 3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force. 4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up. 5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself. 2. P157 For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone. Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life” Text Organization 1 Part One Paras. 1-11 The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today. Part Two Paras. 12-18 Not everyone is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in the past decade. Part Three Paras. 19-23 The perception of time famine has triggered a variety of reactions. Part Four Paras. 24-28 The author pins down the crux(症结) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel. Text Organization 2 2) The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of. 3) The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and ironing. 4) Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time. 5) Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. 6) Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet. Vocabulary 1 P180 1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered Vocabulary 2 1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away 5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be turned loose 8) poured in Vocabulary 3 1) is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent. 2) to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames. 3) was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand. 4) can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000. 5) has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape. Vocabulary 4 1) reaction to; discontent; provoked 2) Convention; evading tax; the confines of 3) a burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to cope II. Confusable Words 1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension 2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary III. Usage P184 1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line? 2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves. 3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does. 4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices. Cloze (Text-related) P185 1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope 5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature 9) fraction 10) futile Cloze (Theme-related) 1) advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully 4)waking 5) includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8)priorities 9) set 10) respect Translation P186 1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far. 2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head. 3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip. 4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building. 5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time. 2. Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money. Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process. 1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered Unit 7 Vocabulary: I. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn 5. coated 6. perish 7. hijack 8. grief 9. farewell 10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced 2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off 4. are gaining on 5. bring down 6. blotted out 7. think back on 8. picking at 3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 2008 2. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes? 3. not in the mood to go out 4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness 5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside 4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic 2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives 3. in the space of; no illusion II. Collocation: 1. a little of 2. a few; most of // many of 3. much 4. few 5. many 6. many of 7. much of 8. little 9. few of 10. Some II. Usage: 1. As the boy grew older 2. she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale 3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people 4. As she had left her key in the office 5. Just do as you are told 6. Areas once regarded as rural 7. as they do in China 8. As he was brave and loyal as well Comprehensive Exercises: I. Cloze 1) Text-related 1. mood 2. tragic 3. in the (immediate) aftermath of 4. chaos 5. toppling 6. solidarity 7. take revenge on 8. thinking back on 9. mourning 10. perished 2) Theme-related 1. crashed 2. horrible 3. harsh 4. protect 5. remove 6. utterly 7. truly 8. justify 9. rewarded 10. devastating II. Translation 1) Translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets: 1. Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos. 2. The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly 3. Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then. 4. Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for q quarrel // not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it. 5. People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts? 2) Translate the passage into English, using the words and phrases given below: Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming. Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.