ESD测试标准-总览[1]

ESD测试 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 一、对于相关测试标准的查询ESD是电磁兼容（EMC）中EMS的一部分EMS相关标准为：（GB是中国国家标准，IEC是国际电工委员会标准，EN是欧洲标准，JDEC是美国标准） 电磁抗扰性(基础标准) GB17626.x IEC61000-4-x EN61000-4-x JESD22-A114-xESD对应的标准为：GB/T17626.2IEC61000-4-2EN61000-4-2，之间关系也是等同的详细文件见附件。EMS标准其它还包括： GB/T17626.1-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术抗扰度试验总论 GB/T17626.2-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术静电放电抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.3-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.4-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.5-99 电磁兼容试验和测量技术浪涌（冲击）抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.6-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度 GB/T17626.7-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术供电系统及所连设备谐波、谐间波的测量和测量仪器导则 GB/T17626.8-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术工频磁场抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.9-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术脉冲磁场抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.10-98 电磁兼容试验和测量技术阻尼振荡磁场抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.11-99 电磁兼容试验和测量技术电压暂降、短时中断和电压变化的抗扰度试验 GB/T17626.12-99 电磁兼容试验和测量技术振荡波抗扰度试验另外EMI的相关标准为： 信息技术设备的电磁干扰 GB9254 CISPR22 EN55022 等同西门子的GSM无线模块在规格 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 中还提到EN301489-7EN301489是欧盟单独针对无线产品（GSM、CDMA）的EMC标准二、标准中相关的内容1、测试设备2、测试环境（空气放电）3、测试方法测试方法有接触放电、空气放电、直接放电、间接放电四种手机一般采用直接接触放电和直接空气放电：4、测试点选择5、台式设备的测试台布置6、测试 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 7、参考标准国家CTA对手机的测试要求为：典型工作条件插充电器，通话状态；台式设备；放电点手机尾插，键盘、显示屏四周，手机两侧、侧键、Speaker、Reciver、MIC等有间隙的部位、RF测试口和手机天线附近；每点正负各十次；±4K接触放电和±8K空气放电；三、无线模块的ESD测试标准（暂定）状况：目前没有针对无线模块的国家或行业标准。（无线模块一般都要做成终端产品才会去做入网检测）可以参考西门子GSM模块和华为CDMA2000模块的ESD规格。拟定大唐移动针对无线模块的ESD测试标准：1、待测试模块在ESD试验之前要通过RF测试和功能测试。2、模块装在测试板上，作为台式设备进行试验。3、典型工作条件是：插充电器，连接计算机，在通话状态下测试。4、放电点选择：SIM卡、RF测试口。5、测试方法：直接接触放电和直接空气放电。6、试验等级：±4K接触放电和±8K空气放电。7、测试次数：每点接触放电和空气放电正负各十次。8、测试模块在完成ESD试验之后，必须能够通过RF测试和功能测试。附件：_1216454856.pdf_1216454315.pdfINTERNATIONALSTANDARDIEC61000-4-2Firstedition1995-01©IEC1995Copyright-allrightsreservedNopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission3,ruedeVarembéGeneva,SwitzerlandTelefax:+41229190300Electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)–Part4:Testingandmeasurementtechniques–Section2:ElectrostaticdischargeimmunitytestBasicEMCpublicationCompatibilitéélectromagnétique(CEM)–Partie4:Techniquesd’essaietdemesure–Section2:Essaid’immunitéauxdéchargesélectrostatiquesPublicationfondamentaleenCEMReferencenumberIEC61000-4-2:1995(E)IECwebsitehttp://www.iec.che-mail:inmail@iec.chNumberingAsfromthe1stJanuary1997allIECpublicationsareissuedwithadesignationinthe60000series.ConsolidatedpublicationsConsolidatedversionsofsomeIECpublicationsincludingamendmentsareavailable.Forexample,editionnumbers1.0,1.1and1.2refer,respectively,tothebasepublication,thebasepublicationincorporatingamendment1andthebasepublicationincorporatingamendments1and2.ValidityofthispublicationThetechnicalcontentofIECpublicationsiskeptunderconstantreviewbytheIEC,thusensuringthatthecontentreflectscurrenttechnology.InformationrelatingtothedateofthereconfirmationofthepublicationisavailableintheIECcatalogue.Informationontherevisionwork,theissueofrevisededitionsandamendmentsmaybeobtainedfromIECNationalCommitteesandfromthefollowingIECsources:•IECBulletin•IECYearbookOn-lineaccess*•CatalogueofIECpublicationsPublishedyearlywithregularupdates(On-lineaccess)*Terminology,graphicalandlettersymbolsForgeneralterminology,readersarereferredtoIEC60050:InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV).Forgraphicalsymbols,andlettersymbolsandsignsapprovedbytheIECforgeneraluse,readersarereferredtopublicationsIEC60027:Lettersymbolstobeusedinelectricaltechnology,IEC60417:Graphicalsymbolsforuseonequipment.Index,surveyandcompilationofthesinglesheetsandIEC60617:Graphicalsymbolsfordiagrams.*Seewebsiteaddressontitlepage.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−3−CONTENTSPageFOREWORD............................................................................................................................4INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................6Clause1Scope...............................................................................................................................72Normativereferences.....................................................................................................73General............................................................................................................................84Definitions........................................................................................................................85Testlevels.......................................................................................................................96Testgenerator.................................................................................................................106.1CharacteristicsandperformanceoftheESDgenerator................................116.2VerificationofthecharacteristicsoftheESDgenerator................................127Testset-up......................................................................................................................127.1Testset-upfortestsperformedinlaboratories...............................................137.2Testset-upforpost-installationtests...............................................................148Testprocedure................................................................................................................158.1Laboratoryreferenceconditions.......................................................................158.2EUTexercising....................................................................................................158.3Executionofthetest...........................................................................................169Testresultsandtestreport...........................................................................................18Figures1SimplifieddiagramoftheESDgenerator.................................................................192ExampleofarrangementforverificationoftheESDgeneratorperformance......203TypicalwaveformoftheoutputcurrentoftheESDgenerator...............................214DischargeelectrodesoftheESDgenerator.............................................................225Exampleoftestset-upfortable-topequipment,laboratorytests..........................236Exampleoftestset-upforfloor-standingequipment,laboratorytests.................247Exampleoftestset-upforfloor-standingequipment,post-installationtests.......25AnnexesAExplanatorynotes........................................................................................................26BConstructionaldetails..................................................................................................311000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−4−INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION________ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY(EMC)-Part4:Testingandmeasurementtechniques–Section2:ElectrostaticdischargeimmunitytestBasicEMCpublicationFOREWORD1)TheIEC(InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprisingallnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectoftheIECistopromoteinternationalcooperationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.Tothisendandinadditiontootheractivities,theIECpublishesInternationalStandards.Theirpreparationisentrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmayparticipateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnon-governmentalorganizationsliaisingwiththeIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.TheIECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwoorganizations.2)TheformaldecisionsoragreementsoftheIEContechnicalmatters,preparedbytechnicalcommitteesonwhichalltheNationalCommitteeshavingaspecialinterestthereinarerepresented,express,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusofopiniononthesubjectsdealtwith.3)Theyhavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationalusepublishedintheformofstandards,technicalreportsorguidesandtheyareacceptedbytheNationalCommitteesinthatsense.4)Inordertopromoteinternationalunification,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECInternationalStandardstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalstandards.AnydivergencebetweentheIECStandardandthecorrespondingnationalorregionalstandardshallbeclearlyindicatedinthelatter.InternationalStandardIEC1000-4-2hasbeenpreparedbysub-committee77B:High-frequencyphenomena,ofIECtechnicalcommittee77:Electromagneticcompatibility.Itformssection2ofpart4ofIEC1000.IthasthestatusofabasicEMCpublicationinaccordancewithIECguide107.ItisbasedontheIEC801-2(secondedition:1991):Electromagneticcompatibilityforindustrialprocessmeasurementandcontrolequipment–Part2:Electrostaticdischargerequirements,preparedbyIECtechnicalcommittee65:Industrial-processmeasurementandcontrol.AccordingtoarecommendationofACECatitsmeetingofDecember1989,thescopeofthisstandardhasbeenextendedtoallkindsofelectricalandelectronicequipment.Forthispurposeithasbeendecidedtotransferthe801seriesofpublicationstothe1000-4series:EMCtestingandmeasurementtechniques,oftechnicalcommittee77.Notechnicalchanges,onlyeditorialamendments,havebeenmadewiththistransferandreferencetoIEC801-2(1991)orIEC1000-4-2isequivalent.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−5−ThetextofIEC801-2,secondedition,isbasedonthefollowingdocuments:Fullinformationonthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.Thetextofthisstandard,IEC1000-4-2,isbasedonthefollowingdocument.Fullinformationonthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.AnnexesAandBareforinformationonly.DIS65(CO)4965(CO)51Reportsonvoting65(CO)5265(CO)54DIS77B(CO)2177B/145/RVDReportonvoting1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−6−INTRODUCTIONIEC1000-4isapartoftheIEC1000series,accordingtothefollowingstructure:Part1:GeneralGeneralconsideration(introduction,fundamentalprinciples)Definitions,terminologyPart2:EnvironmentDescriptionoftheenvironmentClassificationoftheenvironmentCompatibilitylevelsPart3:LimitsEmissionlimitsImmunitylimits(insofarastheydonotfallundertheresponsibilityoftheproductcommittees)Part4:TestingandmeasurementtechniquesMeasurementtechniquesTestingtechniquesPart5:InstallationandmitigationguidelinesInstallationguidelinesMitigationmethodsanddevicesPart9:MiscellaneousEachpartisfurthersubdividedintosectionswhicharetobepublishedeitherasinter-nationalstandardsorastechnicalreports.ThesesectionsofIEC1000-4willbepublishedinchronologicalorderandnumberedaccordingly.Thissectionisaninternationalstandardwhichgivesimmunityrequirementsandtestproceduresrelatedto"electrostaticdischarge".1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−7−ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY(EMC)-Part4:Testingandmeasurementtechniques–Section2:ElectrostaticdischargeimmunitytestBasicEMCpublication1ScopeThisInternationalStandardrelatestotheimmunityrequirementsandtestmethodsforelectricalandelectronicequipmentsubjectedtostaticelectricitydischarges,fromoperatorsdirectly,andtoadjacentobjects.Itadditionallydefinesrangesoftestlevelswhichrelatetodifferentenvironmentalandinstallationconditionsandestablishestestprocedures.Theobjectofthisstandardistoestablishacommonandreproduciblebasisforevaluatingtheperformanceofelectricalandelectronicequipmentwhensubjectedtoelectrostaticdischarges.Inaddition,itincludeselectrostaticdischargeswhichmayoccurfromper-sonneltoobjectsnearvitalequipment.Thisstandarddefines:–typicalwaveformofthedischargecurrent;–rangeoftestlevels;–testequipment;–testset-up;–testprocedure.Thisstandardgivesspecificationsfortestperformedin"laboratories"and"post-installationtests"performedonequipmentinthefinalinstallation.Thisstandarddoesnotintendtospecifytheteststobeappliedtoparticularapparatusorsystems.Itsmainaimistogiveageneralbasicreferencetoallconcernedproductcommit-teesoftheIEC.Theproductcommittees(orusersandmanufacturersofequipment)remainresponsiblefortheappropriatechoiceofthetestsandtheseverityleveltobeappliedtotheirequipment.Inordernottoimpedethetaskofcoordinationandstandardization,theproductcommit-teesorusersandmanufacturersarestronglyrecommendedtoconsider(intheirfutureworkorrevisionofoldstandards)theadoptionoftherelevantimmunitytestsspecifiedinthisstandard.2NormativereferencesThefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthissectionofIEC1000-4.Atthetimeofpublication,theeditionsindicatedwerevalid.Allnormativedocumentsaresubjecttorevision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedonthissectionofIEC1000-4areencouragedtoinvestigatethe1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−8−toagreementsbasedonthissectionofIEC1000-4areencouragedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.MembersofIECandISOmaintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards.IEC50(161):1990,InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV)–Chapter161:Electro-magneticcompatibilityIEC68-1:1988,Environmentaltesting–Part1:Generalandguidance3GeneralThisstandardrelatestoequipment,systems,sub-systemsandperipheralswhichmaybeinvolvedinstaticelectricitydischargesowingtoenvironmentalandinstallationconditions,suchaslowrelativehumidity,useoflow-conductivity(artificial-fibre)carpets,vinylgarments,etc.,whichmayexistinallocationsclassifiedinstandardsrelevanttoelectricalandelectronicequipment(formoredetailedinformation,seeclauseA.1ofannexA).Thetestsdescribedinthisstandardareconsideredtobeafirststepinthedirectionofcommonlyusedtestsforthequalitativeevaluationoftheperformanceofallelectricalandelectronicequipmentasreferredtoinclause1.NOTE–Fromthetechnicalpointofviewtheprecisetermforthephenomenonwouldbe"staticelectricitydischarge".However,theterm"electrostaticdischarge"(ESD)iswidelyusedinthetechnicalworldandintechnicalliterature.Therefore,ithasbeendecidedtoretainthetermESDinthetitleofthisstandard.4DefinitionsForthepurposeofthissectionofIEC1000-4,thefollowingdefinitionsandtermsapplyandareapplicabletotherestrictedfieldofelectrostaticdischarge;notallofthemareincludedinIEC50(161)[IEV].4.1degradation(ofperformance):Anundesireddepartureintheoperationalperform-anceofanydevice,equipmentorsystemfromitsintendedperformance.[IEV161-01-19]NOTE–Theterm"degradation"canapplytotemporaryorpermanentfailure.4.2electromagneticcompatibility(EMC):Theabilityofanequipmentorsystemtofunctionsatisfactorilyinitselectromagneticenvironmentwithoutintroducingintolerableelectromagneticdisturbancestoanythinginthatenvironment.[IEV161-01-07]4.3antistaticmaterial:Materialexhibitingpropertieswhichminimizechargegenera-tionwhenrubbedagainstorseparatedfromthesameorothersimilarmaterials.4.4energystoragecapacitor:ThecapacitoroftheESD-generatorrepresentingthecapacityofahumanbodychargedtothetestvoltagevalue.Thismaybeprovidedasadiscretecomponent,oradistributedcapacitance.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−9−4.5ESD:Electrostaticdischarge(see4.10).4.6EUT:Equipmentundertest.4.7groundreferenceplane(GRP):Aflatconductivesurfacewhosepotentialisusedasacommonreference.[IEV161-04-36]4.8couplingplane:Ametalsheetorplate,towhichdischargesareappliedtosimulateelectrostaticdischargetoobjectsadjacenttotheEUT.HCP:HorizontalCouplingPlane;VCP:VerticalCouplingPlane.4.9holdingtime:Intervaloftimewithinwhichthedecreaseofthetestvoltageduetoleakage,priortothedischarge,isnotgreaterthan10%.4.10electrostaticdischarge;ESD:Atransferofelectricchargebetweenbodiesofdifferentelectrostaticpotentialinproximityorthroughdirectcontact.[IEV161-01-22]4.11immunity(toadisturbance):Theabilityofadevice,equipmentorsystemtoperformwithoutdegradationinthepresenceofanelectromagneticdisturbance.[IEV161-01-20]4.12contactdischargemethod:Amethodoftesting,inwhichtheelectrodeofthetestgeneratorisheldincontactwiththeEUT,andthedischargeactuatedbythedischargeswitchwithinthegenerator.4.13airdischargemethod:Amethodoftesting,inwhichthechargedelectrodeofthetestgeneratorisbroughtclosetotheEUT,andthedischargeactuatedbyasparktotheEUT.4.14directapplication:ApplicationofthedischargedirectlytotheEUT.4.15indirectapplication:ApplicationofthedischargetoacouplingplaneinthevicinityoftheEUT,andsimulationofpersonneldischargetoobjectswhichareadjacenttotheEUT.5TestlevelsThepreferentialrangeoftestlevelsfortheESDtestisgivenintable1.Testingshallalsobesatisfiedatthelowerlevelsgivenintable1.DetailsconcerningthevariousparameterswhichmayinfluencethevoltageleveltowhichthehumanbodymaybechargedaregiveninclauseA.2ofannexA.ClauseA.4alsocontainsexamplesoftheapplicationofthetestlevelsrelatedtoenvironmental(instal-lation)classes.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−10−Contactdischargeisthepreferredtestmethod.Airdischargesshallbeusedwherecontactdischargecannotbeapplied.Voltagesforeachtestmethodaregivenintables1aand1b.Thevoltagesshownaredifferentforeachmethodduetothedifferingmethodsoftest.Itisnotintendedtoimplythatthetestseverityisequivalentbetweentestmethods.FurtherinformationisgiveninclausesA.3,A.4andA.5ofannexA.Table1–Testlevels6TestgeneratorThetestgeneratorconsists,initsmainparts,of:–chargingresistorRc;–energy-storagecapacitorCs;–distributedcapacitanceCd;–dischargeresistorRd;–voltageindicator;–dischargeswitch;–interchangeabletipsofthedischargeelectrode(seefigure4);–dischargereturncable;–powersupplyunit.AsimplifieddiagramoftheESDgeneratorisgiveninfigure1.Constructionaldetailsarenotgiven.Thegeneratorshallmeettherequirementsgivenin6.1and6.2.1a–Contactdischarge1b–AirdischargeLevelTestvoltagekVLevelTestvoltagekV1234x1)2468Special1234x1)24815Special1)"x"isanopenlevel.Thelevelhastobespecifiedinthededicatedequipmentspecification.Ifhighervoltagesthanthoseshownarespecified,specialtestequipmentmaybeneeded.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−11−6.1CharacteristicsandperformanceoftheESDgeneratorSpecifications–energystoragecapacitance(Cs+Cd):150pF±10%;–dischargeresistance(Rd):330Ω±10%;–chargingresistance(Rc):between50MΩand100MΩ;–outputvoltage(seenote1):upto8kV(nominal)forcontactdischarge;upto15kV(nominal)forairdischarge;–toleranceoftheoutputvoltageindication:±5%;–polarityoftheoutputvoltage:positiveandnegative(switchable);–holdingtime:atleast5s;–discharge,modeofoperation(seenote2):singledischarge(timebetweensuccessivedischargesatleast1s);–waveshapeofthedischargecurrent:see6.2.NOTES1Opencircuitvoltagemeasuredattheenergystoragecapacitor.2Thegeneratorshouldbeabletogenerateatarepetitionrateofatleast20dischargespersecondforexploratorypurposesonly.Thegeneratorshallbeprovidedwithmeansofpreventingunintendedradiatedorconductedemissions,eitherofpulseorcontinuoustype,soasnottodisturbtheEUTorauxiliarytestequipmentbyparasiticeffects.Theenergystoragecapacitor,thedischargeresistor,andthedischargeswitchshallbeplacedascloseaspossibletothedischargeelectrode.Thedimensionsofthedischargetipsaregiveninfigure4.Fortheairdischargetestmethodthesamegeneratorisusedandthedischargeswitchhastobeclosed.Thegeneratorshallbefittedwiththeroundtipshowninfigure4.Thedischargereturncableofthetestgeneratorshallbeingeneral2mlong,andconstructedtoallowthegeneratortomeetthewaveformspecification.Itshallbesuffi-cientlyinsulatedtopreventtheflowofthedischargecurrenttopersonnelorconductingsurfacesotherthanviaitstermination,duringtheESDtest.Incaseswherea2mlengthofthedischargereturncableisinsufficient,(e.g.fortallEUTs),alengthnotexceeding3mmaybeused,butcompliancewiththewaveformspeci-ficationshallbeverified.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−12−6.2VerificationofthecharacteristicsoftheESDgeneratorInordertocomparethetestresultsobtainedfromdifferenttestgenerators,thecharacter-isticsshownintable2shallbeverifiedusingthedischargereturncabletobeusedinthetesting.Table2–WaveformparametersThewaveformoftheoutputcurrentoftheESDgeneratorduringtheverificationprocedureshallconformtofigure3.Thevaluesofthecharacteristicsofthedischargecurrentshallbeverifiedwith1000MHzbandwidthmeasuringinstrumentation.Alowerbandwidthimplieslimitationsinthemeasurementofrisetimeandamplitudeofthefirstcurrentpeak.Forverification,thetipofthedischargeelectrodeshallbeplacedindirectcontactwiththecurrent-sensingtransducer,andthegeneratoroperatedinthecontactdischargemode.ThetypicalarrangementfortheverificationoftheESDgeneratorperformanceisgiveninfigure2.Thebandwidthofthetargethastobemorethan1GHz.Constructionaldetailsofapossibledesignforthecurrent-sensingtransduceraregiveninannexB.OtherarrangementsthatimplytheuseofalaboratoryFaradaycagehavingdimensionsdifferentfromthoseinfigure2areallowed;separationoftheFaradaycagefromthetargetplaneisalsoallowed,butinbothcasesthedistancebetweenthesensorandtheground-ingterminalpointoftheESDgeneratorshallberespected(1m),aswellasthelayoutofthedischargereturncable.TheESDgeneratorshallbere-calibratedindefinedtimeperiodsinaccordancewitharecognizedqualityassurancesystem.7Testset-upThetestset-upconsistsofthetestgenerator,EUTandauxiliaryinstrumentationneces-sarytoperformdirectandindirectapplicationofdischargestotheEUTinthefollowingmanner:LevelIndicatedvoltagekVFirstpeakcurrentofdischarge±10%ARisetimetrwithdischargeswitchnsCurrent(±30%)at30nsACurrent(±30%)at60nsA123424687,51522,5300,7to10,7to10,7to10,7to148121624681000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−13−a)contactdischargetotheconductivesurfacesandtocouplingplanes;b)airdischargeatinsulatingsurfaces.Twodifferenttypesoftestscanbedistinguished:–type(conformance)testsperformedinlaboratories;–postinstallationtestsperformedonequipmentinitsfinalinstalledconditions.Thepreferredtestmethodisthatoftypetestsperformedinlaboratories.TheEUTshallbearrangedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructionsforinstal-lation(ifany).7.1Testset-upfortestsperformedinlaboratoriesThefollowingrequirementsapplytotestsperformedinlaboratoriesunderenvironmentalreferenceconditionsoutlinedin8.1.Agroundreferenceplaneshallbeprovidedonthefloorofthelaboratory.Itshallbeametallicsheet(copperoraluminium)of0,25mmminimumthickness;othermetallicmaterialsmaybeusedbuttheyshallhaveatleast0,65mmminimumthickness.Theminimumsizeofthereferenceplaneis1m2,theexactsizedependingonthedimen-sionsoftheEUT.ItshallprojectbeyondtheEUTorcouplingplanebyatleast0,5monallsides,andshallbeconnectedtotheprotectivegroundingsystem.Localsafetyregulationsshallalwaysbemet.TheEUTshallbearrangedandconnectedaccordingtoitsfunctionalrequirements.Adistanceof1mminimumshallbeprovidedbetweentheequipmentundertestandthewallsofthelaboratoryandanyothermetallicstructure.TheEUTshallbeconnectedtothegroundingsystem,inaccordancewithitsinstallationspecifications.Noadditionalgroundingconnectionsareallowed.Thepositioningofthepowerandsignalcablesshallberepresentativeofinstallationpractice.ThedischargereturncableoftheESDgeneratorshallbeconnectedtothegroundreferenceplane.Thetotallengthofthiscableisingeneral2m.Incaseswherethislengthexceedsthelengthnecessarytoapplythedischargestobeselectedpoints,theexcesslengthshall,wherepossible,beplacednon-inductivelyoffthegroundreferenceplaneandshallnotcomecloserthan0,2mtootherconductivepartsinthetestset-up.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−14−Theconnectionoftheearthcablestothegroundreferenceplaneandallbondingsshallbeoflowimpedance,forexamplebyusingclampingdevicesforhighfrequencyapplications.Wherecouplingplanesarespecified,forexampletoallowindirectapplicationofthedischarge,theyshallbeconstructedfromthesamematerialtypeandthicknessasthatofthegroundreferenceplane,andshallbeconnectedtotheGRPviaacablewitha470kΩresistorlocatedateachend.TheseresistorsshallbecapableofwithstandingthedischargevoltageandshallbeinsulatedtoavoidshortcircuitstotheGRPwhenthecableliesontheGRP.Additionalspecificationsforthedifferenttypesofequipmentaregivenbelow.7.1.1Table-topequipmentThetestset-upshallconsistofawoodentable,0,8mhigh,standingonthegroundrefer-enceplane.Ahorizontalcouplingplane(HCP),1,6mx0,8m,shallbeplacedonthetable.TheEUTandcablesshallbeisolatedfromthecouplingplanebyaninsulatingsupport0,5mmthick.IftheEUTistoolargetobelocated0,1mminimumfromallsidesoftheHCP,anaddi-tional,identicalHCPshallbeused,placed0,3mfromthefirst,withtheshortsidesadjacent.Thetablehastobeenlargedortwotablesmaybeused.TheHCPsshallnotbebondedtogether,otherthanviaresistivecablestotheGRP.AnymountingfeetassociatedwiththeEUTshallremaininplace.Anexampleofthetestset-upfortable-topequipmentisgiveninfigure5.7.1.2Floor-standingequipmentTheEUTandcablesshallbeisolatedfromthegroundreferenceplanebyaninsulatingsupportabout0,1mthick.Anexampleofthetestset-upforfloor-standingequipmentisgiveninfigure6.AnymountingfeetassociatedwiththeEUTshallremaininplace.7.2Testset-upforpost-installationtestsThesetestsareoptional,andnotmandatoryforcertificationtests;theymaybeappliedonlywhenagreedbetweenmanufacturerandcustomer.Ithastobeconsideredthatotherco-locatedequipmentmaybeunacceptablyaffected.Theequipmentorsystemshallbetestedinitsfinalinstalledconditions.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−15−Inordertofacilitateaconnectionforthedischargereturncable,agroundreferenceplaneshallbeplacedontheflooroftheinstallation,closetotheEUTatabout0,1mdistance.Thisplaneshouldbeofcopperoraluminiumnotlessthan0,25mmthick.Othermetallicmaterialsmaybeused,providingtheminimumthicknessis0,65mm.Theplaneshouldbeapproximately0,3mwide,and2minlengthwheretheinstallationallows.Thisgroundreferenceplaneshouldbeconnectedtotheprotectiveearthingsystem.Wherethisisnotpossible,itshouldbeconnectedtotheearthingterminaloftheEUT,ifavailable.ThedischargereturncableoftheESDgeneratorshallbeconnectedtothereferenceplaneatapointclosetotheEUT.WheretheEUTisinstalledonametaltable,thetableshallbeconnectedtothereferenceplaneviaacablewitha470kΩresistorlocatedateachend,topreventabuild-upofcharge.Anexampleoftheset-upforpost-installationtestsisgiveninfigure7.8Testprocedure8.1LaboratoryreferenceconditionsInordertominimizetheimpactofenvironmentalparametersontestresults,thetestsshallbecarriedoutinclimaticandelectromagneticreferenceconditionsasspecifiedin8.1.1and8.1.2.8.1.1ClimaticconditionsInthecaseofairdischargetesting,theclimaticconditionsshallbewithinthefollowingranges:–ambienttemperature:15°Cto35°C;–relativehumidity:30%to60%;–atmosphericpressure:86kPa(860mbar)to106kPa(1060mbar).NOTE–Anyothervaluesarespecifiedintheproductspecification.TheEUTshallbeoperatedwithinitsintendedclimaticconditions.8.1.2ElectromagneticconditionsTheelectromagneticenvironmentofthelaboratoryshallnotinfluencethetestresults.8.2EUTexercisingThetestprogramsandsoftwareshallbechosensoastoexerciseallnormalmodesofoperationoftheEUT.Theuseofspecialexercisingsoftwareisencouraged,butpermittedonlywhereitcanbeshownthattheEUTisbeingcomprehensivelyexercised.Forconformancetesting,theEUTshallbecontinuallyoperatedinitsmostsensitivemode(programcycle)whichshallbedeterminedbypreliminarytesting.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−16−Ifmonitoringequipmentisrequired,itshouldbedecoupledinordertoreducethepossi-bilityoferroneousfailureindication.8.3ExecutionofthetestThetestingshallbeperformedbydirectandindirectapplicationofdischargestotheEUTaccordingtoatestplan.Thisshouldinclude:–representativeoperatingconditionsoftheEUT;–whethertheEUTshouldbetestedastable-toporfloor-standing;–thepointsatwhichdischargesaretobeapplied;–ateachpoint,whethercontactorairdischargesaretobeapplied;–thetestleveltobeapplied;–thenumberofdischargestobeappliedateachpointforcompliancetesting;–whetherpost-installationtestsarealsotobeapplied.Itmaybenecessarytocarryoutsomeinvestigatorytestingtoestablishsomeaspectsofthetestplan.8.3.1DirectapplicationofdischargestotheEUTThestaticelectricitydischargesshallbeappliedonlytosuchpointsandsurfacesoftheEUTwhichareaccessibletopersonnelduringnormalusage.InsidetheEUT,onlythepointsand/orsurfaceswhichhavetobeaccededtoperformcustomer’smaintenanceareincludedunlessclearinstructionsfortheuseofelectrostaticdischargesprecautions(e.g.useofwriststraps)areprescribedbythemanufacturer(seeclauseA.5ofannexA).Theapplicationofdischargestoanypointoftheequipmentwhichisaccessibleonlyformaintenancepurposes,excludingcustomer’smaintenance,isnotallowedunlessdifferentprescriptionisgiveninthededicatedproductspecification.Thetestvoltageshallbeincreasedfromtheminimumtotheselectedtestlevel,inordertodetermineanythresholdoffailure(seeclause5).Thefinaltestlevelshouldnotexceedtheproductspecificationvalueinordertoavoiddamagetotheequipment.Thetestshallbeperformedwithsingledischarges.Onpreselectedpointsatleasttensingledischarges(inthemostsensitivepolarity)shallbeapplied.Forthetimeintervalbetweensuccessivesingledischargesaninitialvalueof1sisrecom-mended.Longerintervalsmaybenecessarytodeterminewhetherasystemfailurehasoccurred.NOTE–Thepointstowhichthedischargesshouldbeappliedmaybeselectedbymeansofanexplorationcarriedoutatarepetitionrateof20dischargespersecond,ormore.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−17−TheESDgeneratorshallbeheldperpendiculartothesurfacetowhichthedischargeisapplied.Thisimprovesrepeatabilityofthetestresults.Thedischargereturncableofthegeneratorshallbekeptatadistanceofatleast0,2mfromtheEUTwhilstthedischargeisbeingapplied.Inthecaseofcontactdischarges,thetipofthedischargeelectrodeshalltouchtheEUT,beforethedischargeswitchisoperated.Inthecaseofpaintedsurfacescoveringaconductingsubstrate,thefollowingprocedureshallbeadopted:Ifthecoatingisnotdeclaredtobeaninsulatingcoatingbytheequipmentmanufacturer,thenthepointedtipofthegeneratorshallpenetratethecoatingsoastomakecontactwiththeconductingsubstrate.Coatingdeclaredasinsulatingbythemanufacturershallonlybesubmittedtotheairdischarge.Thecontactdischargetestshallnotbeappliedtosuchsurfaces.Inthecaseofairdischarges,therounddischargetipofthedischargeelectrodeshallbeapproachedasfastaspossible(withoutcausingmechanicaldamage)totouchtheEUT.Aftereachdischarge,theESDgenerator(dischargeelectrode)shallberemovedfromtheEUT.Thegeneratoristhenretriggeredforanewsingledischarge.Thisprocedureshallberepeateduntilthedischargesarecompleted.Inthecaseofanairdischargetest,thedischargeswitch,whichisusedforcontactdischarge,shallbeclosed.8.3.2IndirectapplicationofthedischargeDischargestoobjectsplacedorinstalledneartheEUTshallbesimulatedbyapplyingthedischargesoftheESDgeneratortoacouplingplane,inthecontactdischargemode.Inadditiontothetestproceduredescribedin8.3.1,therequirementsgivenin8.3.2.1and8.3.2.2shallbemet.8.3.2.1HorizontalcouplingplaneundertheEUTAtleast10singledischarges(inthemostsensitivepolarity)shallbeappliedtothehori-zontalcouplingplane,atpointsoneachsideoftheEUT(figure5).TheESDgeneratorshallbepositionedverticallyatadistanceof0,1mfromtheEUT,withthedischargeelectrodetouchingthecouplingplane.8.3.2.2VerticalcouplingplaneAtleast10singledischarges(inthemostsensitivepolarity)shallbeappliedtothecentreofoneverticaledgeofthecouplingplane(figures5and6).Thecouplingplane,ofdimensions0,5mx0,5m,isplacedparallelto,andpositionedatadistanceof0,1mfrom,theEUT.Dischargesshallbeappliedtothecouplingplane,withsufficientdifferentpositionssuchthatthefourfacesoftheEUTarecompletelyilluminated.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−18−9TestresultsandtestreportThisclausegivesaguidefortheevaluationofthetestresultsandforthetestreport,relatedtothisstandard.Thevarietyanddiversityofequipmentandsystemstobetestedmakethetaskofestablishingtheeffectsofthistestonequipmentandsystemsdifficult.Thetestresultsshallbeclassifiedonthebasisoftheoperatingconditionsandthefunctionalspecificationsoftheequipmentundertest,asinthefollowing,unlessdifferentspecificationsaregivenbyproductcommitteesorproductspecifications:1)normalperformancewithinthespecificationlimits;2)temporarydegradationorlessoffunctionorperformancewhichisself-recoverable;3)temporarydegradationorlossoffunctionorperformancewhichrequiresoperatorinterventionorsystemreset;4)degradationorlossoffunctionwhichisnotrecoverableduetodamageofequip-ment(components)orsoftware,orlossofdata.Equipmentshallnotbecomedangerousorunsafeasaresultoftheapplicationofthetestsdefinedinthisstandard.Inthecaseofacceptancetests,thetestprogramandtheinterpretationofthetestresultshavetobedescribedinthespecificproductstandard.Asgeneralrule,thetestresultispositiveiftheequipmentshowsitsimmunity,foralltheperiodofapplicationofthetest,andattheendoftheteststheEUTfulfilsthefunctionalrequirementsestablishedinthetechnicalspecification.ThetechnicalspecificationmaydefineeffectsontheEUT,thatmaybeconsideredinsigni-ficantandthereforeacceptable.Fortheseconditionsitshallbeverifiedthattheequipmentisabletorecoveritsoperativecapabilitiesbyitselfattheendofthetest;thetimeintervalduringwhichtheequipmenthaslostitsfunctionalcapabilitiesshallbethereforerecorded.Theseverificationsarebindingforthedefinitiveevaluationofthetestresult.Thetestreportshallincludethetestconditionsandthetestresults.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−19−Figure1–SimplifieddiagramoftheESDgeneratorNOTE–Cd,omittedinthefigure,isadistributedcapacitancewhichexistsbetweenthegeneratorandtheEUT,GRP,andcouplingplanes.Becausethecapacitanceisdistributedoverthewholeofthegenerator,itisnotpossibletoshowthisinthecircuit.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−20−Figure2–ExampleofarrangementforverificationoftheESDgeneratorperformance1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−21−Figure3–TypicalwaveformoftheoutputcurrentoftheESDgeneratorValuesaregivenintable2.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−22−Figure4–DischargeelectrodesoftheESDgeneratorDimensionsinmillimetresNOTE–Thedischargeswitch(e.g.vacuumrelay)shallbemountedascloseaspossibletothetipofthedischargeelectrode.Figure4b–1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−23−Figure5–Exampleoftestset-upfortable-topequipment,laboratorytests1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−24−Figure6–Exampleoftestset-upforfloorstandingequipment,laboratorytests1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−25−Figure7–Exampleoftestset-upforfloor-standingequipment,post-installationtests1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−26−AnnexA(informative)ExplanatorynotesA.1GeneralconsiderationsTheproblemofprotectingequipmentagainstthedischargeofstaticelectricityhasgainedconsiderableimportanceformanufacturersandusers.Theextensiveuseofmicroelectroniccomponentshasemphasizedtheneedtodefinetheaspectsoftheproblemandtoseekasolutioninordertoenhanceproducts/systemreliability.Theproblemofstaticelectricityaccumulationandsubsequentdischargesbecomesmorerelevantforuncontrolledenvironmentsandthewidespreadapplicationofequipmentandsystemsinawiderangeofindustrialplants.Equipmentmayalsobesubjectedtoelectromagneticenergieswheneverdischargesoccurfrompersonneltonearbyobjects.Additionally,dischargescanoccurbetweenmetalobjects,suchaschairsandtables,intheproximityofequipment.However,basedonlimitedexperienceavailabletodate,itisconsideredthatthetestsdescribedinthisstandardmayadequatelysimulatetheeffectsofthelatterphenomenon.Thisaspectwillbeinvestigatedandmayleadtoanamendmentofthisstandard.Theeffectsoftheoperatordischargemaybeasimplemalfunctionoftheequipmentordamageofelectroniccomponents.Thedominanteffectscanbeattributedtothepara-metersofthedischargecurrent(risetime,duration,etc.).Theknowledgeoftheproblemandthenecessitytohaveatooltoassistinthepreventionofundesirableeffectsduetothedischargeofstaticelectricityonequipment,haveinitiatedthedevelopmentofthestandardtestingproceduredescribedinthisstandard.A.2InfluencesoftheenvironmentalconditionsonthelevelsofchargeThegenerationofelectrostaticchargesisespeciallyfavouredbythecombinationofsyntheticfabricsanddryatmosphere.Therearemanypossiblevariationsinthechargingprocess.Acommonsituationisoneinwhichanoperatorwalksoveracarpetandateachsteplosesorgainselectronsfromhisbodytothefabric.Frictionbetweentheoperator’sclothingandhischaircanalsoproduceanexchangeofcharges.Theoperator’sbodymaybechargedeitherdirectlyorbyelectrostaticinductions;inthelattercaseaconductingcarpetwillgivenoprotectionunlesstheoperatorisadequatelyearthedtoit.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−27−ThegraphicrepresentationoffigureA.1showsthevoltagevaluestowhichdifferentfabricsmaybechargeddependingontherelativehumidityoftheatmosphere.Equipmentmaybedirectlysubjectedtodischargesofvoltagevaluesuptoseveralkilovolts,dependingonthetypeofsyntheticfabricandtherelativehumidityoftheenviron-ment.A.3RelationshipofenvironmentallevelstoairandcontactdischargeAsameasurablequantity,staticvoltagelevelsfoundinuserenvironmentshavebeenappliedtodefineimmunityrequirements.However,ithasbeenshownthatenergytransferisafunctionofthedischargecurrentratherthan,aswellas,oftheelectrostaticvoltageexistingpriortothedischarge.Further,ithasbeenfoundthatthedischargecurrenttypicallyislessthanproportionaltothepre-dischargevoltageinthehigherlevelranges.Possiblereasonsfornon-proportionalrelationshipbetweenpre-dischargevoltageanddischargecurrentare:–Thedischargeofhigh-voltagechargestypicallyshouldoccurthroughalongarcingpathwhichincreasestherisetime,hencekeepingthehigherspectralcomponentsofthedischargecurrentlessthanproportionaltothepre-dischargevoltage.–Highchargevoltagelevelswillmorelikelydevelopacrossasmallcapacitance,assumingtheamountofchargeshouldbeconstantforatypicalchargegenerationevent.Conversely,highchargevoltagesacrossalargecapacitancewouldneedanumberofsuccessivegenerationeventswhichislesslikelytooccur.Thismeansthatthechargeenergytendstobecomeconstantbetweenthehigherchargevoltagesfoundintheuserenvironment.Asaconclusionfromtheabove,theimmunityrequirementsforagivenuserenvironmentneedtobedefinedintermsofdischargecurrentamplitudes.Havingrecognizedthisconcept,thedesignofthetesteriseased.Trade-offinthechoiceoftesterchargevoltageanddischargeimpedancecanbeappliedtoachievedesireddischargecurrentamplitudes.A.4SelectionoftestlevelsThetestlevelsshouldbeselectedinaccordancewiththemostrealisticinstallationandenvironmentalconditions;aguidelineisgivenintableA.1.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−28−TableA.1–GuidelinefortheselectionofthetestlevelsTheinstallationandenvironmentalclassesrecommendedarerelatedtothetestlevelsout-linedinclause5ofthisstandard.Forsomematerials,forexamplewood,concreteandceramic,theprobablelevelisnotgreaterthanlevel2.NOTE–Itisimportant,whenconsideringtheselectionofanappropriatetestlevelforaparticularenviron-ment,tounderstandthecriticalparametersoftheESDeffect.Themostcriticalparameterisperhapstherateofchangeofdischargecurrentwhichmaybeobtainedthroughavarietyofcombinationsofchargingvoltage,peakdischargecurrentandrisetime.Forexample,therequiredESDstressforthe15kVsyntheticmaterialenvironmentismorethanadequatelycoveredbythe8kV/30Aclass4testusingtheESDgeneratorcontactdischargedefinedinthisstandard.However,inaverydryenvironmentwithsyntheticmaterials,highervoltagesthan15kVoccur.Inthecaseoftestingequipmentwithinsulatingsurfaces,theairdischargemethodwithvoltagesupto15kVmaybeused.A.5SelectionoftestpointsThetestpointstobeconsideredmay,forexample,includethefollowinglocationsasapplicable:–pointsonmetallicsectionsofacabinetwhichareelectricallyisolatedfromground;–anypointinthecontrolorkeyboardareaandanyotherpointofman-machinecommunication,suchasswitches,knobs,buttons,andotheroperator-accessibleareas;–indicators,LEDs,slots,grilles,connectorhoods,etc.A.6TechnicalrationalefortheuseofthecontactdischargemethodIngeneralthereproducibilityoftheprevioustestmethod(airdischarge)wasinfluencedby,forexample,thespeedofapproachofthedischargetip,humidity,andconstructionofthetestequipment,leadingtovariationsinpulserisetimeandmagnitudeofthedischargecurrent.InpreviousdesignsofESDtesters,theESDeventwassimulatedbydischargingachargedcapacitorthroughadischargetipontotheEUT,thedischargetipformingasparkgapatthesurfaceoftheEUT.ClassRelativehumidityaslowas%AntistaticmaterialSyntheticmaterialMaximumvoltagekV123435105010xxxx248151000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−29−Thesparkisaverycomplicatedphysicalphenomenon.Ithasbeenshownthatwithamovingsparkgaptheresultingrisetime(orrisingslope)ofthedischargecurrentcanvaryfromlessthan1nsandmorethan20ns,astheapproachspeedisvaried.Keepingtheapproachspeedconstantdoesnotresultinconstantrisetime.Forsomevoltage/speedcombinations,therisetimestillfluctuatesbyafactorofupto30.Oneproposedwaytostabilizetherisetimeistouseamechanicallyfixedsparkgap.Althoughtherisetimeisstabilizedwiththismethod,itcannotberecommendedbecausetheresultingrisetimeismuchslowerthantherisetimeofthenaturaleventtobesimulated.Thehigh-frequencycontentoftherealESDeventisnotproperlysimulatedwiththismethod.Usingvarioustypesoftriggeringdevices(e.g.gastubesorthyratrons)insteadoftheopenspark,isanotherpossibility,butsuchkindsoftriggeringdevicesproducerisetimeswhicharestilltoolowcomparedtotherisetimesoftherealESDevent.Theonlytriggeringdeviceknowntodaywhichisabletoproducerepeatableandfastrisingdischargecurrentsistherelay.Therelayshouldhavesufficientvoltagecapabilityandasinglecontact(toavoiddoubledischargesintherisingpart).Forhighervoltages,vacuumrelaysprovetobeuseful.Experienceshowsthatbyusingarelayasthetriggeringdevice,notonlythemeasureddischargepulseshapeismuchmorerepeatableinitsrisingpart,butalsothetestresultswithrealEUTsaremorereproducible.Consequentlytherelay-drivenimpulsetesterisadevicethatproducesaspecifiedcurrentpulse(amplitudeandrisetime).ThiscurrentisrelatedtotherealESDvoltage,asdescribedinclauseA.3.A.7SelectionofelementsfortheESDgeneratorAstoragecapacitanceshallbeusedwhichisrepresentativeofthecapacitanceofthehumanbody.Anominalvalueof150pFhasbeendeterminedsuitableforthispurpose.Aresistanceof330Ωhasbeenchosentorepresentthesourceresistanceofahumanbodyholdingametallicobjectsuchasakeyortool.Ithasbeenshownthatthismetaldischargesituationissufficientlyseveretorepresentallhumandischargesinthefield.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−30−FigureA.1–MaximumvaluesofelectrostaticvoltagestowhichoperatorsmaybechargedwhileincontactwiththematerialsmentionedinclauseA.21000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−31−AnnexB(informative)ConstructionaldetailsB.1Current-sensingtransducerTheconstructionaldetailsforapossiblecurrent-sensingtransducerareshowninthefiguresB.1toB.7.Thefollowingsequenceofassemblyshouldbefollowed:1)Solderthe25loadresistors"7"(51Ω,5%,0,25W)ontotheoutputsidedisc"3"andshavethesolderedterminals.2)Solderthe5matchingresistors"8"(240Ω,5%,0,25W)inapentagonaldispositionontotheoutputconnector,ofTypeNcoaxialconstruction.3)Assembletheoutputsidedisc"3",completewithloadresistors,ontotheoutputconnectorflange"1"using4screwsM2,5PanHd6,5mmlong.4)Assembletheoutputconnectorcompletewithmatchingresistors,"7"ontotheout-putconnectorflange"1"using4screwsM3.5)Soldertheinputdisc"4",withthescrewsupportforelectrode"6"screwedandsoldered,onboththeloadandmatchingresistorsgroup.Shavethesolderedterminals.6)Screwtheflatelectrodedisc"5"onthescrewsupportforelectrode"6",thenassemblethesupportforfixing"2"using8screwsM3PanHd6,5mmlong.B.2InductivecurrentprobeDescriptionandconstructionaldetailsareunderconsideration.1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−32−FigureB.1–ConstructionaldetailsoftheresistiveloadItemQuantityQuantityScrews11M3PANHDSCx6,5mmLG1221314151M2,5PANHDSCx5,0mmLG361725Resistor51Ω85Resistor240Ω1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−33−FigureB.2DimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrass1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−34−FigureB.3DimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrass1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−35−FigureB.4FigureB.5DimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrass1mmthickDimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrass1mmthick1000-4-2©IEC:1995(E)−36−FigureB.6FigureB.7___________DimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrassDimensionsinmillimetresMaterialandfinish:silver-platedcopperorsilver-platedbrass