考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考前名师押题一（附带答案详解）套卷26

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考前名师押 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 一（附带 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 详解）一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Themost     technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent“显著的，突出的”；prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive“能生产的”；prevalent“流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。2.单选题Thesedays,Jennyhasconsumedalotandhasawhole     ofbillswaitingtobepaid.问题1选项A.stackB.pileC.numberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。astackofbills“一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。3.填空题TheFoodandDrugAdministrationonFridayproposedtwoimportantrules_1_atpreventingthecontaminationofproduceandprocessedfoods.The_2_rulerepresentaseachangeinthewaytheagencypolicesfood,aprocessthatcurrently_3_takingactionaftercontaminationhasbeenidentified.Changesincluderequirementsforbetterrecordkeeping,contingency（应急的）plansforhandlingoutbreaksandmeasuresthatwouldpreventthespreadofcontaminationinthefirstplace.Whilefoodproducerswouldhavelatitudein4howtoexecutetherules,farmerswouldhavetoensurethatwaterusedinirrigationmeetcertainstandardsandfood_5_needtofindwaystokeepfreshthatmaycontainbacteriafromcominginto_6_withfoodthathasbeencooked.Newsafetymeasuresmightincluderequiringthatfarmworkerswashtheirhands,_7__portabletoiletsinfieldsandensuringthatfoodsshouldbecookedattemperatureshighenoughtokillbacteria.Whetherconsumerswill_8_bearsomeoftheexpensesofthenewruleswasunclear,theagencyestimatedthattheproposalswouldcostfoodproducerstensofthousandsofdollarsayear.PresidentObamarequested$220millioninhis2013_9_,butDr.MargaretHamburg,commissioneroftheF.D.A,said“resourcesremainanongoingconcern.”Nonetheless,agencyofficialswere_10_thatthenewruleswouldprotectconsumersbetter.【答案】1.A2.N3.H4.F5.M6.D7.G8.O9.C10.I【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，__防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aimat为固定搭配。2.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposedtwoimportantrules”可判断空格部分“The__rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断proposed被提议的、建议的符合句意。3.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程__在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involvedoingsth包含。4.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由__如何执行这些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“Whilefoodproducerswouldhave……”可判断空格部分“food__”。句意为：食品__需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。6.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品__煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，comeintocontactwith和……接触、接触到。7.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里__便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者__是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。9.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的__中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。10.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。4.单选题Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?问题1选项A.EverymonthB.EverytwomonthsC.EverythreemonthsD.Everyyear问题2选项A.ThefirstsentenceB.ThesecondsentenceC.ThethirdsentenceD.Noneoftheabove问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivitytodonorleukocytesC.red-cellincompatibilityD.airbubblesintheblood问题4选项A.ItisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadultsB.ItistreatedwithradiantenergyC.ItisnottreateddifferentlyfromadultsD.Itisnotdangerousforchildren问题5选项A.TransfusingbloodisadangerousprocessB.FreezingblooddestroysplateletsC.ClottingcannotbepreventedD.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此选项D符合题意。5.单选题 ______hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.问题1选项A.ButforB.AccordingtoC.ForallD.Thanksto【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。butfor“要不是；如果没有”；accordingto“根据，依据”；forall“尽管，虽然”；thanksto“由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。6.单选题Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI     .问题1选项A.hadtoB.woulddoC.shouldhaveD.mighthaveto【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。shouldhavedone表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。句意：我上周没有提交申请表格，这本是我应该去做的。选项C符合题意。7.单选题Bysigningtheleasewemadea______topayarentof$150aweek.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。makeacommitment“承诺”。句意：根据所签的 租赁合同 房屋租赁合同免费下载租赁合同范本下载上海市房屋租赁合同下载办公室租赁合同免费下载免费房屋租赁合同下载 ，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。8.单选题Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamountofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestionsmadebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthegreatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.Tichauer,themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle.Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerousfeaturesoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhichtobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiencyexpertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butitsvaluegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduseofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandinotherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavystressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,suchstresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfortraditionaltoolshaveprovedhispoint.1.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtoolaccordingtothepassage?2.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsandmusclesperformbestwhen.3.A“myograph”(Para.A.2,Line1)isanelectronicinstrumentthat.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.5.Dr.Tichauerstartedhisexperimentsinitiallyto.问题1选项A.ElectronicinstrumentsandaregulartoolB.Ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartoolC.Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guineapig”D.Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool问题2选项A.theyaretwistedandstretchedB.theyareintheirnormalpositionsC.theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”D.theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments问题3选项A.isabletodesignnewtoolsB.measurestheamountofenergyusedC.enablepeopletoseethemuscularmovementsD.visualizeselectricalsignals问题4选项A.astepladderusedtohavefourlegsB.itisdangeroustousetoolsC.atripodissaferinatooldesignD.workersaresaferonproductionlines问题5选项A.improveefficiencyB.increaseproductionC.reduceworkloadD.improvecomfort【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段前面两句Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool可知做该实验涉及到了electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”和aregulartool，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第四句话Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions可知选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle可知选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段第二句提到用新机器做实验的一个结论是，三脚架的活梯比四脚活梯用起来更稳定、更安全（Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs），由此可知以前的梯子都是四脚的，因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段第二句提到Dr.Tichauer最初的想法是为了工具使用者的健康（Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser），随后提到使用新机器可以减少人的压力，由此可知选项D符合题意。9.翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asiaisthelargestcontinentonearth,withnearly30percentoftheworldlandareaand60percentoftheworldpopulation.Asiahasahugemarketwithbigpotentialandasolidfoundationfordevelopment.Itisalsorichinnaturalandhumanresources.Ithasalonghistoryandculture.ThediversityofculturesinAsiaisaliveandhascontributedtoitsdevelopment.Atpresent,theworldisenteringtheprocessofdiversification,andeconomicglobalizationisincreasinglyprominent,whichpresentsAsiawithnewopportunitiesaswellaschallenges. 10.单选题Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtoconsumers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.2.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?3.InParagraph1,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”means.4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?5.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.问题1选项A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanshipB.theconsumer-centeredapproachC.makinggoodsavailableforpurchaseD.thequickmovementofgoods问题2选项A.TheneedsofthemarketB.ThepreferencesofthedealerC.TheefficiencyoftheproductionD.Thesatisfactionoftheuser问题3选项A.toredesignthesegoodforlarge-scaleproductionB.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossibleC.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoodsD.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities问题4选项A.ProductsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumerB.Consumers'tastesareoftendifficulttopleaseC.IttakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublicD.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople问题5选项A.itssocialimpactB.itspossibleconsequenceC.itstheoreticalbasisD.itsmaincharacteristic【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到着眼于消费者的方法被称为营销概念（Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept），因此选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段第二句话提到就在几年前，大多数行业主要集中在产品的高效生产上（Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods），因此选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据persuasivesalesmanship(富有说服力的推销术)可知moveasmuchofthosegoodsaspossible意味着是尽可能多地将物品推销出去，因此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到可口可乐改变饮料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢复原来的口味这个例子（Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink）说明迎合消费者需求的重要性，因此选项A符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章主要讲述了营销概念的特征——以消费者需求为导向（eye-on-the-consumerapproach），因此选项D符合题意。11.单选题TheunfaircriticismleftNormanquite     withanger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbound“出神的；被迷住的”；speechless“说不出话的”；silent“沉默的”；mute“哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。12.单选题Thezooattendantopenedthecageandtriedhardto     thetigersbackin.问题1选项A.coaxB.induceC.pacifyD.reassure【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。coax“哄骗”；induce“引诱”；pacify“使平静”；reassure“使安心”。句意：动物园管理员打开笼子，引诱老虎回去。选项B符合题意。13.单选题Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan     thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.问题1选项A.takeoffB.keepoffC.getoffD.leaveoff【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。takeoff“起飞；离开”；keepoff“让开；不接近”；getoff“动身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根据医生的说法，如果一个人能远离烟酒，他会更健康。选项B符合题意。14.单选题Geoffreyhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltconsiderably     afteramealandagoodrest.问题1选项A.refreshedB.renewedC.regainedD.reshaped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh“使……恢复”；renew“使更新”；regain“恢复”；reshape“改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。15.翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.16.单选题Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.问题1选项A.restlessB.ceaselessC.availableD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不断的”；available“可获得的”；versatile“多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。17.单选题Youcannot     ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.问题1选项A.refertoB.defendC.pleadD.persistin【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。referto“参考，涉及”；defend“辩护；防护”；plead“借口”；persistin“坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。18.翻译题我们既面临难得的机遇，也面临严峻的挑战。地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大。国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃。【答案】Wearefacedwithbothrareopportunitiesandseverechallenges.Thehotspotissuesinsomeregionsremaincomplicatedandthorny.ThewealthgapbetweentheNorthandSouthcontinuestowiden.Internationalterrorists,ethnicseparatistsandreligiousextremistsinsomeareasoftheworldremainrampant. 19.单选题Ourserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountrywhilesix     librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.问题1选项A.shiftingB.driftingC.rotatingD.mobile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。shifting“不断移动的”；drifting“漂移的”；rotating“旋转的”；mobile“可移动的”。句意：全国有36个图书馆，有6个移动图书馆专门为农村服务。选项D符合题意。20.单选题Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates     vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.问题1选项A.assembledB.accommodatedC.accumulatedD.appreciated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assembled“装配，组合”；accommodated“安排，为……提供住宿”；accumulated“积累”；appreciated“欣赏”。句意：上世纪70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油国家通过出售石油获得了巨额财富。选项C符合题意。