2014年12月英语四级真题及答案详解

2014年12月英语四级真题及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingtopic.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.作文题一：印象最深的活动AAcampusactivitythathasbenefitedmost.作文题二：印象最深的课程Acoursethathasimpressedyoumostincollege.作文题三:印象最深的同学Aclassmateofyourswhohasinfluencedyoumostincollege．PartIIListeningSectionAQuestion1A.Themanisnotgoodatbalancinghisbudget.B.Shewillgopurchasethegiftherself.C.Thegiftshouldnotbetooexpensive.D.TheyaregongingtoJane'shouse-warmingparty.Question2A.Heisquitewillingtogivethewomanahand.B.Ittakespatiencetogothroughthestatistics.C.Hehaspreparedthestatisticsforthewoman.D.Thewomanshouldtakeacourseinstatistics.Question3A.Page55ismissingfromthewoman'sscripts.B.Theycannotbegintheirrecordingrightaway.C.Thewomandoesnottaketherecordingseriously.D.Themanwantstomakesomechangesinthescripts.Question4A.ThedateofCarl'swedding.B.ThebirthdayofCarl'sbride.C.AsignificanteventinJuly.D.Preparationforawedding.Question5A.Thewomanforgottotellthemaninadvance.B.Themanwasabsentfromtheweeklymeeting.C.Thewomanwasannoyedattheman'sexcuse.D.Themanwasinchargeofschedulingmeetings.Question6A.Thewomanisamarvelouscook.B.Thewomanhasjustboughtanoven.C.Themanhastoleaveinhalfanhour.D.Themancannotwantforhismeal.Question7A.Howshecanbesthelptheman.B.Wherethemangotthebadnews.C.Whatitemssellwellinthestore.D.Whetherthemancankeephisjob.Question8A.Thewomancansignupforaswimmingclass.B.Heworksinthephysicaleducationdepartment.C.Thewomanhasthepotentialtoswimlikeafish.D.Hewouldliketoteachthewomanhowtoswim.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question9A.Heteachesinalawschool.B.Helovesclassicalmusic.C.Heisadiplomat.D.Heisawonderfullecturer.Question10A.Wenttoseeaplay.B.Watchedasoccergame.C.Tooksomephotos.D.Attendedadance.Question11A.Shedecidedtogetmarriedinthreeyears.B.HermotherobjectedtoEric’sflyinglessons.C.SheinsistedthatEricpursuegraduatestudies.D.HerfathersaidshecouldmarryEricrightaway.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question12A.Editor.B.Teacher.C.JournalistD.Typist.Question13A.ThebeautifulAmazonrainforests.B.Anewrailwayunderconstruction.C.BigchangesintheAmazonvalley.D.Somenewlydiscoveredscenicspot.Question14A.Innewsweeklies.B.Innewspapers'Sundayeditions.C.Inalocaleveningpaper.D.InoverseaseditionsofU.S.magazines.Question15A.Tobeemployedbyanewspaper.B.Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter.C.Tosellherarticlestoanewsservice.D.Togetherlifestorypublishedsoon.SectionBPassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question16A.Noddingone'shead.B.Wavingone'shand.C.Holdinguptheforefinger.D.Turningtherightthumbdown.Question17A.Lookingawayfromthem.B.Formingacirclewithfingers.C.Bowingone'sheadthem.D.Wavingorpointingtothem.Question18A.Lookingone'ssuperiorintheeye.B.Keepingone'sarmsfoldedwhiletalking.C.Showingthesoleofone'sfoottoaguest.D.Usingalotofgesturesduringaconversation.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question19A.Theyhadtobegforfootaftertheharvest.B.Theygrewwheatandcornonasmallfarm.C.Theysharedasmallflatwiththeirrelatives.D.Thechildrenwalkedtoschoolondirtroads.Question20A.TourEcuador'sAndesMountains.B.Earnanannualincomeof$2800.C.Purchaseaplottobuildahomeon.D.Sendtheirchildrentoschool.Question21A.TheachievementsoftheTrickleUpProgram.B.Anewworldwideeconomicrevolution.C.Differentformsofassistancetotheneedy.D.Thelifeofpoorpeopleindevelopingcountries.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question22A.Theyarehighlysensitivetocold.B.Theyarevitallyimportanttoourlife.C.Theyarealivingpartofourbody.D.Theyareachiefsourceofourpain.Question23A.Ithastoberemovedintimebyadentist.B.Itisarareoraldiseaseamongoldpeople.C.Itcontainsmanynervesandbloodvessels.D.Itisstickyandcolorlessfilmontheteeth.Question24A.Itcanchangeintoacidscausingdamagetotheiroutercovering.B.Itgreatlyreducestheirresistancetotheattacksofbacteria.C.Itmakestheirnervesandbloodvesselsmoresensitivetoacidfood.D.Itcombineswithfoodparticlestoformafilmontheirsurface.Question25A.Foodparticles.B.Gumdisease.C.Unhealthylivinghabits.D.Chemicalcrosion.SectionCStuntpeople(替身演员)arenotmoviestars,buttheyarethehiddenheroesofmanymovies.Theywerearoundlongbeforefilms.EvenShakespearemayhaveusedtheminfightscenes.Tobegood,afightscenehastolookreal.Punchesmust(26)______enemies'jaws.Swordfightsmustbefoughtwith(27)______swords.Severalactorsareusuallyinafightscene.Theirmovesmustbesetupsothatnoonegetshurt.Itisalmostlikeplanningadanceperformance.Ifamoviesceneisdangerous,stunpeopleusually(28)______thestars.YoumaythinkyouseeTomCruiserunningalongthetopofatrain.Butitis(29)______hisstuntdouble.Stuntpeoplemust(30)______thestarstheystandinfor.Theirheightandbuildshouldbeaboutthesame.Butwhenclose-upsareneeded,thefilm(31)______thestar.Somestuntpeople(32)______incertainkindsofscenes.Forinstance,astuntwomannamedJanDavisdoesallkindsofjumps.Shehasleaptfromplanesandevenoffthetopofawaterfall.Eachjumpre-quiredcarefulplanningandexpert(33)______.YakimaCanuttwasafamouscowboystuntman.Amongotherstunts,hecouldjumpfromasecondstorywindowontoahorse'sback.He(34)______thefamoustrickofslidingunderamovingstagecoach.Canuttalso(35)______anewwaytomakeapunchlookreal.HewastheonlystuntmanevertogetanOscar.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAFordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheXXXXdevelopmentofnewtechnologies.Theinnovations(创新)XXXXopmentduringWorldWarIIandafterwardswere(36)_____totheprosperityofthenationinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Thoseinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof(37)_____societynowdepend,werepossiblebecausetheUnitedStatesthen(38)_____theworldinmathematicsandscienceeducation.Today,however,despiteincreasingdemandforworkerswithstrongskillsinmathematicsandscience,the(39)_____ofdegreesawardedinscience,math,andengineeringaredecreasing.ThedeelingindegreeproductioninwhatarecalledtheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath.)seemstobe(40)_____relatedtothecomparativelyweakperformancebyU.S.schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmathandscience.Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe2005reportoftheBusinessHigherEducationForum,22percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremediat(补习的)math(41)_____,andlessthanhalfofthestudentswhoplantomajorinscienceorengineering(42)_____completeamajorinthosefields.TheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavetheskills,(43)_____inmathematics,topoweraworkforcethatcankeepthecountryattheforefront(前言)ofinnovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.Withthe(44)_____performanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehascomeincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestudentsearn(45)_____intheSTEMdisciplinesindevelopingcountriesthanintheUnitedStates.A.acceleratingB.actuallyC.closelyD.contemporaryE.coursesF.criticalG.decliningH.degreesI.especiallyJ.futureK.ledL.metM.proceduresN.proportionsO.sphetesSectionBBansugarydrinksthatwilladdfueltotheobesitywar[A]OnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathefilledmorethanoneseat.Hewaspaleanddisfiguredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobablywas:obesity(肥胖的)leadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacoupleoffattychildrenwithswollencheckspressingagainsttheireyes.Thesepeoplearepartofwhatiswithoutexaggerationanepidemic(流行病)ofobesity.[B]Butitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea-farfromnew-thatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronic(长期的)illhealth,andatthesametimesavetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleast￡14billionayearinEnglandandWales.Therewould,youmightthink,beconsiderablepublicinterestinit.Thissimpleideaisthatsugarisasgood-orasbad-aspoisonandshouldbeavoided.Itispure,whiteanddeadly,asProfessorJohnYudkindescribedit40yearsagoinarevolutionarybookofthatname.ThesubtitlewasHowSugarIsKillingUs.[C]Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,junkfoodandsweetdrinks,sugarleadstoaddiction(瘾),tohormonalupsetstotheappetite,tometabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctionsandobesityandfromtheretotype2diabetes(糖尿病)anditsmanyhorriblecomplication.Ifpeoplereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokickthehabit,particularlyasBritainisthe―fatmanofEurope‖.Theymightevenfeeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff.Yetsofarthisideahasmetlittlebutresistance.[D]Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethevestedinterests(既得利益集团)linedupagainstanysugarcontrol-allthefoodanddrinkmanufacturers,processors,promotersandretailerswhomakesucheasypickingsoutofthemagicpowersofsugar.Thentherearetheliberals,withwhomIwouldnormallyside,whoprotestthatgovernmentregulationwouldbeyetanotherinstanceofinterferenceinourlives.[E]Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealizethatyoucannothaveawelfarestatewithoutanannystate(保姆国家),tosomedegree.Ifwearealltoberesponsibleforoneanother’healthsinsurance,throughsocializedmedicine,thenweareallcloselyinvolvedinoneanother’health,sincludingeveryone’eatingsanddrinking.Thathasalreadybeenadmitted,finally,withsmoking.Butithasyettobeadmittedwithovereating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050.Quiteapartfromanythingelse,obesitywillcrippletheNHS.[F]Recently,though,therehavebeensignsthatthemedicalestablishmentistryingtosoundthealarm.LastmonththeAcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges(AMRC)publishedareportsayingthatobesityisthegreatestpublichealthissueaffectingtheUKandurginggovernmenttodosomething.[G]Thereportoffers10recommendations,ofwhichthefirstisimposingataxof20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbeanexcellentstart.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksarehorrifying,andturnstraighttofat.AsProfessorTerenceStephenson,headoftheAMRC,hassaid,sugarysoftdrinksare―theultimatebadfood.Youarejustconsumingneatsugar.Yourbodydidn’evolvettohandlethiskindofthing.‖[H]Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfatorsalt(whichareverydifferent)paleintoinsignificantcomparedwiththeharmdonebysugar.Anditiseverywhere.[I]Itisdifficulttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanplain,unpreparedmeat,fishorvegetables,thatdoesn’havetalargeamountofsugarinit.Thishascomeaboutbecausetheprevailingscientificviewsofthe1960sand1970signoredtheevidenceaboutsugar,andinsteadsawfatasthereallyseriousrisk,bothtotheheartandotherorgans,aswellasthecauseofobesity.[J]Thefashionwastoavoidfat.Butfindingthatfoodwithmuchofitsfatremovedisnotveryappetizing,foodproducersturnedtosugarasamagicalternativeflavorenhancer,oftenintheformsofsyrups(糖浆)thathadrecentlybeendevelopedfromcorn,andputitgenerouslyintomostpreparedfoodsandsoftdrinks.[K]Thisstuffisnotjustfattening.Itisaddictive.Itinterfereswiththebody’smetabolism,possiblyviatheactivityofanappetite-controllinghormone.There’plentysofevidenceforthis,forthosewhowillacceptthetruth.[L]Theoretically,peopleoughttomake―healthychoices‖andavoidovereating.Butsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.Sothesnacking,over-drinkingandovereatingthatmakespeoplefatisnotreallytheirownfault:obesityisinlargepartsomethingthatisbeingdonetothem.Itshouldbestopped,orratherthegovernmentshouldstopit.[M]Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstilllegaltosellallthepoisonsstackedhighontheshelves.Theproblemisthattheyareworsethanuseless.Theyarepoisonous.Theyareknowntobeaddictive.Theyareknowntomakepeopleobese.Andgivingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffakejuicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchildabuse.[N]Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.Ihatetothinkofyetmoregovernmentregulation.Butabitoftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealtheducation,abitofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines(自动售货机)hereandthere—assuggestedtrytheAMRCreport—isnotgoingtoachieveverymuch.Labellingisquiteinadequate.Whatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelsofsugarysyrupsusedinfoodsanddrinks.[O]InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidthegovernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.WhynothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitandforgetaboutit.46、Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople’healthsaswellassavemedicalexpenses.47、Lawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsordrinks.48、Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse.59、Lookingaround,theauthorfoundobesityquitewidespread.50、Thenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewdecades.51、Ifpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.52、Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningwoimproveanadditionaltaxonsugarydrinks.53、Thegovernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.54、Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.55、Consumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecausetheycannottellwhatfoodissugary.SectionCTheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet’tremensdousimpactshasonlyjustbegun.―MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,‖SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook.TheNewDigitalAge.PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butifthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it’thatsauthorsdon’tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesintheseweepingchanges.Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes—andmoreimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat―technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen’t.By‖usingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy(对立观点)thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they’realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance(监视).56、InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?A.Ittransformshumanhistory.B.Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.C.Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.D.Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.57、HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?A.Theyareimmeasurable.B.Theyareworldwide.C.Theyareunpredictable.D.Theyarecontaminating.58、InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?A.ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.B.ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.C.ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.D.ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.59、Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?A.Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.B.Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.C.Peopledon’thavetotraveltoseetheworld.D.Peopledon’thavetocommunicatefacetoface.60、WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?A.TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.B.TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.C.Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.D.Theydon’ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage(抵押贷款)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyeamings.Othermembersoftheautoworker’sfamily,howevermightbelessinclinedtotriedthepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Through-outmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.Inmoststales,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaveragetheyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts(职位相当的人),whiteraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking–classfamilies.Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accordingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimaginarygoldenage.61、WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?A.Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.B.Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.C.Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.D.Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.62、Whatdoestheauthoraboutretiredpeopletoday?A.Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.B.Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.C.Theyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.D.Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.63、Whycouldn’tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitcsuburbanneighborhood?A.Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.B.Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.C.Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.D.Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.64、Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?A.Divorceiseasiertoobtain.B.Domesticviolenceislessened.C.Itcauseslittlepaintoeitherside.D.Itcontributestosocialunrest.65、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?A.Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.B.Trytobetterthecurrentsocialsecurity.C.Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.D.ImprovethelivesoffamilieswithproblemsPartIVTranslation翻译题一：大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。翻译题二：中国的互联网是全世界发展最快的，2010年，中国大概有4.2亿网民，而且人数还在迅速的增长，互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化，中国的网民往往不同与国外的网民，美国的网民更都多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件，买卖商品，科学研究，规划形成或者付款，中国网民更多都是出于社交的原因使用互联网，因而更广泛的使用论坛、博客，聊天室等。翻译题三：越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心，随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了。他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行来体验不同的文化，丰富知识，拓展视野。