研究生基础综合英语unit7

Unit7PlagiarismmainPartA_Lead-in1Pre-listeningListeningWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationYouwillhearpartofalecturefromanAmericanprofessorabouthowtodocumentinresearchpapers.Beforeyoulisten,readthefollowingkeywordsandphrasesselectedfromthetalkandguesswhatissuestheprofessorwasaddressing.Tellyourpartneryourguessesandfindoutwhathe/shethinks.PartAPartBPartCDefiningPlagiarismPartA_Lead-in2Pre-listeningListeningWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCKeyWordsandPhrasesIssue1Issue2Issue3correspondtoderivefromcommonknowledgebibliographicalinformationresultfromexceptiontodiminishtheoriginalityputforwardcompileimposeonintheformofgivecreditPartA_WordBuildingWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningListeningMatcheachofthewordsintheleftcolumnwithitsmeaningintheright.A.wrongorfalseB.acharacterset,printed,orwrittenaboveandimmediatelytoonesideofanotherC.theactoraninstanceofthesupplyingofdocumentsorsupportingreferencesorrecordsD.tomakesimilar;causetoresembleE.saidorwrittenwhileyouaretalkingorwritingaboutsomethingelseinordertoexplainsomethingoraddinformationF.moralrulesorprinciplesofbehaviourfordecidingwhat’srightandwrongG.theactofusinganotherperson’sideaorapartoftheirworkandpretendingthatitisyourown1.plagiarism2.documentation3.superscript4.parenthetical5.assimilate6.ethics7.erroneousPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCPartA_WordBuildingWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningListeningFillinthefollowingblankswiththepreviouswords.1.TeachersinAmericafighttocontrolcheatingand.2.Thispaperisscantin.3.Differentwordswiththesamespellingaredistinguishedinthisdictionarybynumbers.4.Youmayuseanycitationsystemthatyouwish(MLAreferencestyle,ChicagoManualofStyle,legalcitation),aslongasyourreferencesareclearandcomplete.5.TheUSAhaspeoplefrommanydifferentcountries.6.Taoisthasimportantphilosophicalsignificance.7.Sometimesthisinformationmaybe.PartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismplagiarism___________documentation_______________superscript___________parenthetical_____________assimilated___________ethics______erroneous__________PartCPartA_BackgroundInformationWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningChicagoManualTheChicagoManualofStyle(CMS)(芝加哥论文格式)isastyleguideforAmericanEnglishpublishedbytheUniversityofChicagoPress(fromwhichitreceivesitsname).Itprescribesawritingstylethatiswidelyusedinthepublishingindustry.TheCMSdealswithallaspectsconcerningtheeditorialpractice,fromAmericanEnglishgrammarandusagetodocumentpreparation.ListeningPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCPartA_BackgroundInformationWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningMLATheMLAStyleManual(现代语言协会论文格式),publishedbytheModernLanguageAssociation,isastyleguidewidelyusedinacademiaforwritinganddocumentationofresearchinthehumanities,especiallyinEnglishstudies,thestudyofothermodernlanguagesandliteratures,includingcomparativeliterature,literarycriticism,mediastudies,culturalstudies,andrelateddisciplines.ListeningPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCPartA_BackgroundInformationWordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningListeningAPAAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)style(美国心理学会论文格式)isawidelyacceptedformatforwritingresearchpapers,particularlyforsocialsciencemanuscriptsandthesis.APAstylespecifies,forexample,thenamesandorderofheadings,formattingandorganizationofcitationsandreferences,andthearrangementoftables,figures,footnotes,andappendices.PartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCPartA_Listening1Pre-listeningListeningListentothetalk.Choosefromthefollowingoptionsthethreemajorissuesthespeakerwasconcernedabout.Howgoodwereyourguesses?PartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismPartCPartA_Listening2Pre-listeningListeninga.Documentationgenerallyhastwomaintypes,directandindirect.b.Itisnecessarytodocumentyoursourcesinaresearchpaper.c.Documentationwilldiminishtheoriginalityofyourwork.d.PlagiarismisderivedfromtheLatinforkidnapping.e.Plagiarismcanhaveseriousconsequences.f.Youshouldhaveanideaofwhatshouldbedocumentedandwhatnot.Issue1:_______be_______Issue2:PartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismf_______Issue2:PartCPartA_Listening3Listentothetalkagainandcompletetheanswerstothefollowingquestions.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataretheproperwaystoprovidethesourceofquotationsinaresearchpaper?Youmustprovidethesourceofquotations,eitherwith,or.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismasuperscript_____________withaparentheticalreference_____________________________PartCPartA_Listening42.Doesthedocumentationaffecttheoriginalityofawriter’swork?Whyorwhynot?Documentationofdirectandindirectquotationsinnoway.Instead,documentationallows.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBDefiningPlagiarismdiminishestheoriginalityofawriter’swork___________________________________________thereadertoseethematerials,checktheinterpretations,inquirethework,andlocatefurtherinformationonthetopicPartCPartA_Listening4Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarism3.Whataretheconnotativeanddenotativemeaningsofplagiarism?Plagiarism,awordderivedfromtheLatinforthatnowmeans.kidnapping____________theuseofanotherperson’sideaorwordingwithoutgivingcredit4.Whatconsequencescanplagiarismhave?Plagiarismcanhaveseriousconsequences,notonly,butalso.academic,intheformoffailureorexpulsion____________________________________________legal,intheformoflawsuits____________________________PartA_Listening5PartCPartA_Listening4Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarism5.Whatshouldbedocumentedinaresearchpaperandwhataretheexceptionstothisrule?Youmustdocument.Someexceptionstothisruleare.anyfactoropinionthatyoureadinoneofyoursourcesfactsthatarecommonknowledgeorcanbeverifiedeasily,andwell-knownsayingPartA_Listening6PartCPartA_Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningScriptQuotationinaresearchpapermaybeeitherdirectorindirect.Bothtypesrequiredocumentation—thatis,youmustprovidethesourceofdirectandindirectquotations,eitherwithasuperscriptinthetextthatcorrespondstoanotecontainingbibliographicalinformation,asChicagoManualrecommends,orwithaparentheticalreferenceinthetext,astheMLAandAPAdocumentationsystemsrecommend.Documentationofdirectandindirectquotationsinnowaydiminishestheoriginalityofyourwork.Rather,documentationallowsyourreadertoseethematerialsyouusedtoreachyourconclusions,tocheckyourinterpretationsofsources,toplaceyourworkinatraditionofinquiry,andtolocatefurtherinformationonyourtopic.PartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartA_Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningYourcontributionconsistsofimposingyourownorderonthesourcesyouuseanddrawinganoriginalconclusionfromthem.Failuretothisiscalledplagiarism.Plagiarism,awordderivedfromtheLatinforkidnappingthatnowmeanstheuseofanotherperson’sideasorwordingwithoutgivingappropriatecredit,resultsfrominaccurateorincompleteattributionofmaterialtoitssource.Ideas,aswellastheexpressionofthoseideas,areconsideredtobelongtothepersonwhofirstputsthemforward.Therefore,whenyouincorporateinyourpapereitherideasorphrasingfromanotherwriter,whetheryouquotedirectlyorindirectly,youneedtoindicateyoursourceaccuratelyandcompletely.Whetherintentionalorunintentional,plagiarismcanhaveseriousconsequences—notonlyacademic,intheformoffailureorexpulsion,butalsolegal,intheformoflawsuits.Plagiarismistakenseriouslybecauseitviolatestheethicsoftheacademiccommunity.PartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartA_Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningYoumustdocumentanyfactoropinionthatyoureadinoneofyoursources,whetheryoufirstdiscoveredtheideathereoryouhaveassimilateditsothoroughlythatitseemstobeyourown.Someexceptionstothisrulearefactsthatarecommonknowledge,factsthatcanbeverifiedeasily,andwell-knownsayingorproverbs.Undermostcircumstances,thesekindsofmaterialsdonotneedtobedocumented.Incontrast,materialavailableinonesourceorinalimitednumberofsourcesshouldusuallybedocumented.Statisticsotherthanthoseyouhavecompiledyourselfshouldbeattributedtothesource.Suchattributionnotonlygivesappropriatecreditbutalsoprotectsyouintheeventthattheinformationinthesourceiserroneous.PartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_leadin1YouwillhearanexcerptofaninterviewonplagiarismwithLesBaltimore,anAssociateProvostforAcademicAffairs.Beforeyoulisten,readpartofMr.Baltimore’sanswersintheinterviewandguesswhatquestionswereraisedbytheinterviewer.Compareyourguesseswithyourpartner’s.WordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_leadin2Pre-listeningBackgroundInformationListeningWordBuildingLead-inPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismQuestion1:Whatisyourrolewhenitcomestotheissueofplagiarism?Mr.Baltimore:AsAssociateProvostforAcademicAffairs,oneofmyresponsibilitiesisto…Question2:Whenitcomestoplagiarism,areundergraduatestreateddifferentlyfromgraduatestudents?Mr.Baltimore:Ifagraduatestudentisaccusedofplagiarism,thechargeis…PartCPartB_leadin3Pre-listeningBackgroundInformationListeningWordBuildingLead-inPartAPartBQuestion3:Howcanfacultypreventstudentplagiarism?Mr.Baltimore:Ithinkthesinglemostimportantthingafacultymembercandois…AvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_WordBuilding1Matcheachwordintheleftcolumnwithitsmeaningintheright.WordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listening1.provost2.penalty3.hearing4.expulsionA.(theactof)forcingsomeone,orbeingforced,toleavesomewhereB.anofficialmeetingthatisheldtogatherthefactsaboutaneventorproblemC.apunishment,ortheusualpunishment,fordoingsomethingthatisagainstalawD.(insomeuniversities)thepersoninchargeofaparticularcollegeListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_WordBuilding2WordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningFillinthefollowingblankswiththepreviouswords.1)NorrineBaileySpenceristheassociateanddirectorofundergraduateadmissions.2)Themaximumforthiscrimeis10years’imprisonment.3)Thedefendant’sfamilywerepresentatthe.4)Therehavebeenthreefromtheschoolthisyear.ListeningPartAPartBprovost________penalty________hearing________expulsions___________AvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_BackgroundInformation1WordBuildingLead-inBackgroundInformationPre-listeningAnhonorcodeorhonorsystemisasetofrulesorprinciplesgoverningacommunitybasedonasetofrulesoridealsthatdefinewhatconstituteshonorablebehaviorwithinthatcommunity.Theuseofanhonorcodedependsontheideathatpeople(atleastwithinthecommunity)canbetrustedtoacthonorably.Thosewhoareinviolationofthehonorcodecanbesubjecttovarioussanctions,includingexpulsionfromtheinstitution.HonorCodeListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening1ListentotheinterviewandchoosefromthefollowingoptionsthethreemajorissuesdiscussedbyLesBaltimore.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening2a.TheimportanceofHonorCode.b.Theteacher’sroleintheissueofplagiarism.c.Prevalenceofplagiarismincollegesanduniversities.d.Preciseproceduresofcatchingastudentplagiarizing.e.Differenttreatmentstograduatesandundergraduates.f.Whatfacultycandotopreventplagiarism.Issue1:_______be_______Issue2:f_______Issue3:Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening3Disagree.(Moreseverepunishmentwouldbepracticedongraduatesthanonundergraduates.)ListentotheinterviewagainanddecidewhetherMr.Baltimorewouldagreewiththefollowingstatementsornot.Givereasonsforyouranswers.1)OneoftheresponsibilitiesofaProvostistohelpstudentsinvolvedinplagiarismtorectifytheirerrors.Notexactly.(TorespondtofacultyconcernsregardingtheHonorCode.)2)Whenitcomestoplagiarism,undergraduatesaretreatedthesamewayasgraduates.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening4Disagree.(Itisreallyhelpful.)3)Themostimportantthingafacultymembercandotopreventplagiarismistodealwithcheatingimmediately.Disagree.(Theimportantthingthefacultymembercandoistomakecleartheexpectationsofthehighestlevelofintegrity)4)Itiseffortlesstouseclasstimetotalkaboutwhattheyshoulddoandshouldnot,forthestudentsmightnotunderstand.______________________________.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening5Disagree.(Theminimumpenaltyshouldbefailureinthecourse,notjustfortheassignmentonly).5)Ifastudentdeliberatelyattemptedtoplagiarize,theminimumpenaltyshouldbefailureforthatassignment.6)Althoughmostexperiencedteachersmaynotknowthesourceofplagiarism,theycanstillrecognizeit.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Agree_______.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening-sprit1Q:Whatisyourrolewhenitcomestotheissueofplagiarism?A:AsAssociateProvostforAcademicAffairsoneofmyresponsibilitiesistorespondtofacultyconcernsregardingtheHonorCode.IamthepersonintheProvost’sOfficewhokeepstrackofthestudentswhoarereportedforacademicdishonesty.Ialsotalktoalotofstudentswhogetthemselvesintroublebecauseofplagiarism,abouthowtheyshoulddealwiththeissueandwhattheyneedtodotomakecertainitdoesn’thappeninthefuture.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening-sprit2Q:Whenitcomestoplagiarism,areundergraduatestreateddifferentlyfromgraduatestudents?A:Ifagraduatestudentisaccusedofplagiarism,thechargeissentdirectlytotheDean,andtheDeanmakesadecisionandimposesthepenalty.Ifthestudentbelieveshe/shehasbeentreatedimproperly,thestudentcanappealtotheCommitteeforAcademicHonesty.Graduatestudentshavebeenthroughcollegeandareassumedtoknowwhatcheatingis,andisn’t.Inmanycasesundergraduatesplagiarizebecausetheyaren’treallysurewhatitis.Facultymembersaremuchmorelikelytogiveastudentsomebenefitofthedoubtiftheythinkitwasbecauseofignorance.Also,facultymightbeinclinedtogiveafreshmanorsophomoreabreakthattheywouldn’ttoajuniororsenior.ThisisareasonwhytheCoderequiresfacultytoreportallcheatingeveniftheysettleitthemselves.Theindividualfacultymemberwouldhavenowayofknowingifastudenthadcheatedwithanotherinstructorandwasmakingthesameappealbasedonsupposedignorance.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening-sprit3Q:Howcanfacultypreventstudentplagiarism,forexamplediscussingtheissueinclass?A:Ithinkthesinglemostimportantthingafacultymembercandoismakecleartheexpectationsofthehighestlevelofintegrity.Acultureofacademichonestygoesalongwaytoeliminatingcheating.Differentdiscussionsneedtotakeplacedependingontheleveloftheclass.Graduatestudentsareassumedtoknowwhatisexpectedinthisregardandiftheyareunclear,itisassumedtheyknowenoughtoask.Itisprobablythesameforjuniorsandseniors.Freshmenmightnotunderstandthatit’splagiarismiftheyparaphrasesomeoneelse’sworkandnotgivecredit.Ortheymighthandinapaperthatisallquotationsandthinktheyhavedoneoriginalresearch.Soitisveryhelpfultouseclasstimetotalkaboutwhattheyshould—andshouldnot—doinordertomakesuretheworktheyarehandinginisreallytheirwork.Examplesofwhatisplagiarismandwhatisn’tcanbeshowntostudents.Butstill,themostimportantaspectistodemandintegrityandtodealwithcheatingimmediatelyandappropriately.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening-sprit4Q:Ifafacultymemberstronglysuspectsthatastudent’swritinghasbeenplagiarized,whatimmediatestepswouldyourecommend?A:Confrontthestudent.Explainwhyyouthinkitisplagiarism.TellthestudentthatthisinformationmustbeturnedovertotheProvost.Iftheinstructorwantstoreachanunderstandingwithastudentregardingthepunishment,thenthatcanbedone.Ifnot,themattermustbeturnedovertotheCommitteeonAcademicHonesty.Mypersonalopinionisthatifaninstructorisconvincedthatthestudentdeliberatelyattemptedtocheat,theminimumpenaltyshouldbefailureinthecourse,notjustforthatassignment.Iwouldexplaintostudentsthat“nowthatIhavecaughtyoucheatingonthispieceIassumeyoucheatedoneverything.”Itisonmysyllabusthatcheatingmeansfailure,sostudentsknowfromtheoutsetthatiftheywerecaughtcheatingtheywouldfailthecourse.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartB_Listening-sprit5Q:Withtheeaseofcopyinginformationfromwebsites,andthepotentialtobuypapersovertheweb,iscatchingplagiarismbecomingmoredifficult?A:ThisisoneIreallycan’tanswer.TheWebhasexplodedsinceIstoppedteaching.Iknowthatmostexperiencedteacherscanpickoutplagiarismevenwhentheycannotidentifythesource.Also,thewebprovidestoolstocheckforplagiarismaswell.Q:Briefly,ifafacultymemberwishestopursueaplagiarismchargeagainstastudent,whatarethemainstepsintheprocess?A:AsIhavesaidabove,thefacultymemberreportsthemattertotheProvostandifhe/shewantscanturnitovertotheCommitteeonAcademicHonesty.TheCommitteewillconductaninvestigationandholdahearing.Itrecommendspenaltiesaswell.Q:Ifastudentisfoundguiltyofplagiarism,whatarethepenalties?A:Itcanbeanythingfromfailureonthatassignmenttoexpulsionforrepeatoffenders.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBAvoidingPlagiarismPartCPartC_video11)WhatisplagiarismaccordingtoTexasA&M?Theappropriationofanotherperson’sideas,processes,resultsorwordswithoutgivingcredittothesource.________________________________________________________________________________________________________2)Whatwillbetheresultsofgettingcaughtplagiarism?Gettingcaughtplagiarismcouldmeangettinga0ontheassignment,anFonyourtranscript,requirementtoparticipateinanextracourse,orsuspension,dismaissalorexpulsionfromtheuniversity.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartAPartBPartCVideoPartC_video2PartAPartB3)Howtouseadirectquoteinaproperway?Youmustuseexactwordingoftheoriginalsource,forquotingthreelinesorless,youusequotationmarks,forquotingfourlinesormore,youuseblockperformancewithoutquotationmarks.Anddon’tforgettoincludecitationattheend.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4)Whatisparaphrasing?Paraphrasingmeansputtingideasorinformationinyourownwords.Itkeepsyourfromdirectlyquotingtoomuch,it’smoredetailthanasummary.Itrequiresthatyouunderstandtheinformationoftheworkbeingparaphrasedandalwaysuseacitation._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartC_video2PartCVideoPartC_video2PartAPartBMeganWall:Howdy,eggs,I’mMeganWall.AndwelcometoWriteRight.Todaywewillbediscussingoneofthemostseriousissuesoncollegecampuses—plagiarism.hereinA&M,itcanpreventyoufrompassingaclass,gettingyouraggiering,orevengraduating.That’sbecauseasaggies,weareboundtoonecode.Anaggiedoesnotlie,cheat,orsteal,ortoleratethosewhodo.TexasA&Mdefinesplagiarismastheappropriationofanotherperson’sideas,processes,resultsorwordswithoutgivingcredittothesource.PartC_video3PartCVideoPartC_video2PartAPartBPartC_video4Gettingcaughtplagiarizingcouldmeangettinga0ontheassignment,anFonyourtranscript,requirementtoparticipateinanextracourse,orsuspension,dismissalorexpulsionfromtheuniversity.Thebestwaytoavoidplagiarismistociteyoursources.Citingsourcesnotonlygivescreditwordsduetotheauthoroftheoriginalworkcanalsohelpaddcredibilitytoyourargumentandhelpdefendyourresearch.Youshouldalwaysciteanythingthatisadirectquote,asummaryoraparaphrase.PartCVideoPartC_video2PartAPartBPartC_video4Student1:Youtakeexactlylikewhattheysaidwithoutquotationmarks.Student2:Anexact,immediately.Student3:Iguessadirectquoteissomethingthatsomebodyactuallysaid,likewordsthatyoudon’tchange,youjustputitinyourpaperaswhattheysaid.Whatisdirectquote?Howdoyouuseitinyourpaperwithoutplagiarizing?Student4:Theguidelinesofdirectquotingare:Youmustuseexactwordingoftheoriginalsource,forquotesthreelinesorless,youusequotationmarks,forquotesoffourlinesormore,youuseblockperformancewithoutquotationmarks.Anddon’tforgettoincludethecitationattheend.PartCVideoPartC_video2PartAPartBMeganWall:Ok,doyouknowhowtoparaphrase?Student2:Paraphrasingisreadingsomething,andthenabsorbingtheinformationandputtingitinyourownwords.Student5:Yes,toparaphraseistotakesomeoneelse’swords,stillgivethemcreditbutputitinyouro