新标准 大英一Unit 4 AR2

MappingEmbarkationNavigationDestinationResourcesRaisingtheculturalawarenessofstudentsDevelopingcriticalthinkingbyusingcomparisonandcontrastskillsHelpingstudentsusewhattheyhavelearnedtoexpressideasaboutculturaldifferencesChinesetaboosWatchavideoaboutChinesetaboosandcompletethefollowingtasks.Chinesetaboosoffendv.使不快，冒犯rackourbrains绞尽脑汁ornamentaladj.装饰用的，观赏用的funeraln.葬礼absurdadj.荒谬的，可笑的chrysanthemumn.菊花fascinatingadj.有极大吸引力的，迷人的WordsandexpressionsWorkinpairsandsummarizetheChinesetaboosmentionedinthevideo,andthentalkaboutmoretaboosyouknow.Don’tgiveclockasapresenttoChinesepeople,especiallyolderones,becauseithasfuneralconnotation.Thewordfor“clock”hasthesamepronunciationastheChineseword“zhong”,meaning“theendofone’slife”.Avoidthenumber“four”becausethepronunciationoftheword“four”is“si”,thesameasthewordfordeath.﹦Death?NeverbringchrysanthemumswhenyoupayavisittoaChinesefamilybecausetheyareasymbolofdeath.﹦OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,Chinesepeopledon’tentirelyfinisheatingfish.Thepronunciationofthewordfor“fish”is“yu”,andChinesewouldliketosay“niannianyouyu”,meaning“onemustleavesomethingforthenextyear”,indicatinggoodluckforthecomingyear.Don’tunwrapapresentinfrontofthepersonwhogivesittoyou.IfyouareinvitedtoaChinesehomefordinner,don’tarriveexactlyontimebecausethehostsmaythinkyou’veonlycomeforthedinneralone.Youshouldarriveseveralminutesearlier.Incontrast,theAmericansunwrapapresentinfrontofthegivertoshowtheirgratitudeandappreciationrightaway.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutChinesetaboos?cuttingthepearintohalf﹦separation?Don’tinsertchopsticksverticallyintothefoodbecauseChinesepeopledothisonlywhentheyburnincensetosacrificethedead.InterpersonaldistancesListentoashortpassageandfillintheblankswithappropriatewords.WordsandexpressionsCanadian加拿大人Arab阿拉伯人interpersonal人际的intimate亲密的Ininterpersonalcommunication,peopleinalmosteveryculturerecognizefourdifferentdistances:_________,___________,__________,and__________.__________distanceoccursinavery______________________suchasbetweenamotherandachild.__________distancelets_______________talkcloselybutcomfortably._________distanceisusedat_________orother___________._________distanceconcernsmoresituationssuchasbetweenateacherandastudent.intimatesocialpersonalpublicIntimatecloserelationshipPersonalgoodfriendsSocialpartiesgatheringsPublicThesefourtypesofdistanceexistinallcountries,butthe_________ofdistanceusuallydependsonthe__________.Ataparty,forexample,a__________maysitseveral________awayfromyou,whilean________maysitvery________toyou.Your____________oftheotherculture’suseofdistancecanoftenhelpyou_______________betterwithitspeople.awarenesscultureCanadianfeetArabnearamountcommunicateCulturalconflictsWatchamovieGuaShaandcompletethefollowingtasks.ItisastoryaboutculturalconflictsexperiencedbyaChinesefamilyintheUSA.GrandfatherXucomesfromChinatovisitthefamilyofhisson,DatongXuinSt.Louis.Whilethere,hegiveshisgrandson,DennisXuatreatmentofGuaShatotreataslightfever.TheChildWelfareAgency(CWA),however,mistakestheharmlesstraditionalChinesemedicaltreatmentforchildabuseduetotheobviousmarksleftonDennis’back.DatongXuisrequiredtoattendthecourthearing(听证会)beforethechildabusecasegoestothefulltrial.Doyouthinkhecanclearupthemisunderstanding?MoviepreviewWorkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whatcausestheculturalconflictsdisplayedinthemovie?2.Haveyoueverexperiencedaculturalbump,eitherinreallifeor,forexample,whilewatchingamovieorreadinganarticle?Wereyouamused,surprised,embarrassedorshocked?1.TheculturalconflictsariseoutofAmericans’lackofknowledgeaboutGuasha,atraditionalChinesemedicaltreatment.ItisdifficultforDatongXutoclearupthemisunderstanding.ThetreatmentofGuashaisfundamentallybasedonthephilosophyofTaoism,whichfocusesonQiandYing-Yanginhumanbody.Ying-YangTheoryandJing-LuoTheoryinChinesetraditionalremediesemphasizetheentireexaminationbymeansofobserving,smelling,asking,andfeeling.Thediagnosingexperienceispasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.ChinesemedicineusesChineseherbalmedicineandsometraditionalmedicaltreatmentssuchasacupunctureandGuashawhilewesternmedicineuseschemical-basedmedicineandsurgeryformedication.Therefore,ItisimpossibletoexplainclearlyJing-MaiandQiinChinesemedicinewithwesternmedicinetheory.Actually,thefiercedebateandconflictsinthecourtsceneinGuaShaareraisedbythedifferencesofphilosophicalnotionsbetweenthetwoculturesandtheignoranceofChinesemedicineofthewesterners.Thisunperceivable“hiddenculture”istherootthatcausestheconflictsandcollisionsbetweentheChineseandwesterncultures.2.Well,aBritishteachertoldmeabouthowsomeVietnamchildrenmettheirteacherforthefirsttimeinaBritishschool.Thechildrenallstoodstraight,foldedtheirarmsandlookeddownattheground.Theteachersaid,“Stoplookingdown.Youhaven’tdoneanythingwrong.LookatmewhenI’mtalkingtoyou.That’stoshowthatyou’relistening.It’sshowingrespect.”Thenoneofthechildrensaid,“Butwearelisteningandshowingrespect.Youareourteacher.Thisishowwedoinourculture.”Isupposethatwasashockfortheteacher,whenherealizedthatthereweresuchdifferentwaysoflisteningandshowingrespect.Irememberthestorybecauseit’samusingandit’sagoodlesson–fromthechildren.UnderstandingthetextChoosethebestwaytocompletethesentences.1.Thewriterdidn’tknowhowmanytimestokisshisParisianfriendbecause______.A.helivedinLyonB.thenumberofkissesvariesfromcitytocityC.hehadnotyetcompletedhisresearchD.hewasenjoyinghimselftoomuchBUnderstandingthetext2.TheEnglishmaninItalyfeltthat______.A.toomanypeoplelivedthereB.itwaseasiertowalkbackwardsC.hehadonlyspentafewmonthsthereD.EnglishpeoplestandfurtherapartthanItalians3.TheSpanishstudentthoughttheEnglish______.A.wereunnecessarilypoliteB.talkedtoomuchC.didn’tappreciatehowpolitehewasD.didn’tunderstandhimDAUnderstandingthetext4.ThemostusualthingtosayatthestartofamealinEnglandis______.A.“Goodappetite”B.“Enjoyyourmeal”C.“Goodluck”D.nothingDUnderstandingthetext5.Accordingtothewriter,youshould______.A.knowhowtobehaveatadinnerpartyindifferentculturesB.learneverythingaboutotherculturesC.askquestionsaboutculturaldifferencesliketheChinesevisitorsdidD.leaveattheendofthemealCWhencanweleave?InterpretingCheck(✓)thetruestatements.☐1Thewriterthinksthatculturalbumpsareenjoyable.☐2Borisdidn’treallythinkthewriterwasstupid.☐3TheChinesevisitorshadalreadybeentoanEnglishhome.☐4ThestoryabouttheEnglishmaninDisneylandwasmeanttobeamusing.☐5TheChinesewoman’squestionwasclumsy.√√Thewritersaysculturalbumpsmaymakemeetingpeoplefromotherculturesinteresting,butthisisnotthesameasenjoyable.3.Probablynot.Otherwisetheleaderwouldnothaveaskedaboutwhentoleave.2.BoriswasusingaRussianwayofsaying“ofcourse”toagreewiththewriter,butthewriterinterpretedthisinanotherway.4.Yes,thisisamusingfromtheEnglishman’spointofview,butprobablynotfromanAmericanone.5.No,herquestionshowedthatshewasawarethatthereweredifferences,andthatshewantedtoknowwhatkindofbehaviorwasappropriate.Sheshowedcross-culturalunderstanding.SummarizingChoosethebestsummaryofthepassage.1.Don’ttranslatefromyourownlanguageintoanotherlanguage.Sometimesitcanmeantheoppositeofwhatyoumean.2.Whatyoudon’tsaymaybemoreimportantthanwhatyoudosay.It’simportantnottosayanythingwhichislikelytoupsetpeople.Infact,it’sbetternottosayanythingatall.××Summarizing3.Evenwhenyouspeakalanguagewell,theremaybeculturalissueswhichcausemisunderstanding.It’snotpossibletolearneverythingaboutothercultures,butyouneedtobeawareofthepossibilityofdifferences.√TalkingpointbyletterinchatroomsfacetofaceWhatisyourfavoritewayofcommunicatingwithpeople?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachone?InformationrelatedDifficultsentences1.Theseepisodesandincidentsallinvolveaculturalbump,somethingwhichyounoticeusuallywithcuriosity,usuallywithpleasure,occasionallywithshockorembarrassment.ChoosethebesttranslationforthefollowingsentencesA.这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞,它是一种让你通常带着好奇、快乐，偶尔带着震惊或尴尬注意到的东西。B.这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悦，但偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________▲something指的是前面的culturalbump，其后又有一个定语从句做修饰。由于定语从句较长，不必硬要翻译为“···的”作前置定语，可以单独译为一句话。这里翻译时还要注意“with”不一定要译为“带着”，可以根据汉语的表达习惯灵活地进行翻译。2.Butit’snotamatterofknowingalltheconventionsandritualsindifferentcultures.It’simpossibletocollectalltheinformationyoumightneedtoberelaxedinthemanydifferentculturesaroundtheworld.这不是了解不同文化中所有风俗习惯和礼仪的问题。不可能收集到你可能需要的所有信息，以便在世界不同的文化中都能感到自在。B.但是这不等于说我们需要悉数掌握不同文化的风俗习惯和礼仪。丰富的知识能使你自如地应对世界各国不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。该句直译成“这不是了解不同文化中所有风俗习惯和礼仪的问题”不太通顺，让人难以理解，最好意译。这句话中it只是形式主语，实际主语是“tocollect…world”部分，翻译的时候不必按照原语序翻，可以把句子倒转、拆分。如“但这不等于说······知识能使你······但是你不可能······”。—-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Sometimesallthat’sneededistoleranceifthingsmightbedifferent,andawarenessthatyourbehaviorinyourownculturemaynotbesuitableinanother.全句译为：有时候，当情况有所不同时，你所需要的仅仅是宽容，并且要意识到，适合你自己文化的行为举止未必在另一种文化中也行得通。————————————————————————————————————that引出一个同位语从句，说明需要意识到什么。Decidethefunctionofthethat+clauseinthefollowingsentences.Doesitfunctionasanapposition(同位语）orarelativeclause(定语从句）?Haveyougotthenewsthatacaraccidenthappenedjustinfrontofourschool?Haveyougotthenewsthathasbeenspreadallovertheschool?___________________________________________________________That+clausefunctionsasanappositionclause.Itisusedtoexplainwhatthenewsis.“That”doesnothaveaspecificmeaninghere._________________________________________That+clausefunctionsasarelativeclause.Itisusedtomodifytheword“news”.“That”isusedasthesubjectintherelativeclause,referringtotheantecedent—news.Wordstonotecarryonoccasionarouseinvolveembarrassmentperceiveresponseinquiretoleranceawarenessoccasionn.occasional:adj.happeningfromtimetotime偶然的，偶尔的onoccasion:nowandthen不时ontheoccasionofsth.:atthetimeofacertainevent在某事件的时候1.__________________the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofPeople’sRepublicofChina,agrandparadeimpressedthewholeworld.2.Therewillbe_____________showersduringtheday.3.Theteacherwalkedforthandback,raisingquestions_____________,whichmademeverynervous.Choosetheappropriateexpressionstofillintheblanks.OntheoccasionofoccasionalonoccasionActivereading1:Resourcesarousev.Useappropriateformsof“arouse”or“arise”tofillintheblanks.Herstrangebehaviormycuriosity.Hewasfromhisnapbythedoorbell.Anewdifficultproblemhas.Thismisunderstandingoutofthelackofculturalknowledgeincrossculturalcommunication.arousedarousedarisenaroseinvolvev.Guesswhatinvolvemeansindifferentsentences.Thisisasituationinwhichnationalsecurityisinvolved.includeoraffectsb./sth.initsoperation包括，包含，牵涉，牵连2.Thejobinvolvesmylivinginaforeigncountry.3.Hewasinvolvedinaheateddiscussion.4.Thewitness’sstatementinvolvesyouintherobbery.makesth.necessaryasaconditionorresult使某事物成为必要条件或结果involvesb./sth.in(doingsth.)使某人（某事物）参与某活动或陷入某情况involvesb.insth.与······等有关联embarrassmentn.embarrassv.embarrassing,embarrassedadj.Heusedajoketogetallthepeopleoutofthe_______________situation.2.Shewassoshythatshefelt_____________whenshecouldnotanswerthequestionsinclass.3.Thereisadistinctsenseof_________________betweenthem.Choosetheappropriatewordstofillintheblanks.embarrassingembarrassedembarrassmentperceivev.Thenounformofreceiveisreception.Whatisthenounformofperceive?perceptionn.感知能力；洞察力；看法，理解TranslatetheChineseinformationintoEnglish.I_________________________(认为他的评论)asachallenge.Thescientistshadalready_____________________________(注意到全球变暖).Theiranalysisofthisproblem__________________________________(显示出敏锐的洞察力).perceivedhiscommentperceivedtheglobalshowedgreatwarmperceptionThescientistshadalreadyperceivedthatthetemperatureoftheglobewasrising.responsen.respondv.responsiveadj.usuallytheteacher’squestions.2.Theafter-saleserviceofthiscarshopisverygood.AfterItoldthemmybrakewasnotverythroughemail,theymyemailwithaphonecallimmediately.TranslatetheexpressionsinredintoChinese.积极应答的，反应热烈的班级积极回应反应灵敏的回答，反应1.Aresponsiveclassmakesactiveresponsetoresponsiverespondtoinquireorenquirev.Workwithyourpartnertotranslatethefollowingdialogwith“inquire”or“enquire”.inquiryn.询问inquiries问讯处A：你去问询问处（informationdesk）打听一下去北京的火车票价。B：可是我不知道询问处在哪里啊？A：你可以问一下保安（securitystaff）。B：保安正协助警察在调查一个可疑（suspicious）包裹的来由。A:Pleaseinquireabout(打听消息)theticketpriceoftraintoBeijingattheinformationdesk.B：ButIdon’tknowwheretheinformationdeskis.A:Youcaninquireofthesecuritystaffwheretheinformationdeskis.(inquiresth.ofsb.询问什么)B:Thesecuritystaffisworkingtogetherwiththepolicemantoinquireintothesourceofasuspiciouspackage.(inquireintosth.调查，查问)tolerancen.toleratev.tolerantadj.tolerant,tolerance,tolerate,(in)tolerableParentsareoftenvery___________ofortowardstheirchildren.Sometimesthechildrenarespoiledterriblybecauseofthisexcessive___________,sotheymakesome_____________actswithoutevenrealizingthem.Infact,parents’unconditional____________isnotgoodfortheirchildrenbecausenobodytheymeetaftertheyenterthesocietywill___________theirrudebehaviorsastheirparents.Choosetheappropriatewordstofillintheblanks.toleranttoleranceintolerabletolerancetolerateawarenessn.awareadj.TranslatetheChineseinformationintoEnglish.I(意识到)thefactthatuniversitylifeisnotasexcitingasIexpected.She(意识到)somethingunusualhadhappened.Weshould(提高民众的意识)ofthedangerofdrugabuse.amawareofbecameawarethatraisepublicawarenesscarryon他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持跑完马拉松。Theydecidedtocarryonwiththemarathon/carryonrunningthemarathoninspiteoftheweather.TranslatethefollowingChinesesentenceintoEnglish.LanguageinuseUsefulExpressionsGrammaticalstructure UsefulExpressions激起了我的兴趣1.arousemyinterest2.整个地区，到处2.thelengthandbreadthof3.cometoaconclusion4.walkbackwards5.stepforward6.carryon3.得出结论4.往后退5.靠前一步6.继续下去 Usefulexpressions7.文化碰撞8.getsb.intotrouble9.showstrongagreement10.Don’tmentionit.11.Youarewelcome.12.lookthoughtful13.goodappetite7.culturalbump8.给谁带来麻烦9.表示完全同意10.别客气11.不用谢12.看上去若有所思13.好胃口 Usefulexpressions14.听起来太美国化了14.soundveryAmerican15.reserveright16.gettiredofdoingsth.17.collectinformation18.showcross-culturalunderstanding19.cometoanend20.servecoffee15.具有或保持权利16.厌烦做什么17.收集信息18.表现出对文化差异的理解19.结束20.上咖啡 GrammaticalstructureIspokereasonableFrench,butwhatIespeciallylikedaboutFrancewasthatpeoplekissyoualot.Wecanbeginasentencewithwhat+clause,togiveextraemphasistocertaininformation. GrammaticalstructureRewritethesentencesusingtheemphaticwhat+clausestructure.2.Bynotsaying“Thankyou”sooften,hewasperceivedtoberude.Hedidn’tunderstandthis.Whathedidn’tunderstandwasthatbynotsaying“Thankyou”sooften,hewasperceivedtoberude.1.Peoplekisseachotherfourtimes.ThishappensinParis.WhathappensinParisisthatpeoplekisseachotherfourtimes.InformationrelatedKissingindifferentculturesCulturalshockProxemicsListentothefollowingpassageandlistthreestagesofculturalshock.CulturalshockAdjustingtotheirsurroundingsandagainenjoyingtheirlifeThenewnesswearsoff;hatredarisesEnjoyingtheenvironmentThethirdstageThesecondstageThefirststageScripts>>>ScriptsYouaregoingtotheUnitedStatestolive?Howwonderful!You’rereallylucky!”Doesthissoundfamiliar?Isyourlifeinthisnewcountryalwayswonderfulandexciting?Itisnoteasytoadjusttolifeinanewculture.Thesefeelingsarecalledcultureshock.Therearethreestagesofcultureshock.Inthefirststage,thenewcomersliketheirenvironment.Then,whenthenewnesswearsoff,theybegintohatethecity,thecountry,thepeopleetc.inthenewculture.Inthefinalstageofcultureshock,thenewcomersbegintoadjusttotheirsurroundingsandagainenjoytheirlife.Someofthefactorsincultureshockareobvious.Maybetheweatherisunpleasant.Perhapsthecustomsaredifferent.Perhapspublicservicesystemssuchasthetelephone,postoffice,ortransportationaredifficulttofigureoutandyoumakemistakes.Thesimplestthingsseemdifficult.Thelanguagemaybedifficult.Thefoodmayseemstrangetoyouandyoumaymissthefamiliarsmellsofthefoodofyourowncountry.Ifyoudon’tlooklikethenatives,youmayfeelstrange.Youmayfeellikeeveryoneiswatchingyou.Infact,youarejustself-conscious.Culturalshockmayproduceafeelingofhomesickness,imaginedillness,orevenunreasonablefear.Whenpeoplehavesuchfeelings,theysometimesfeellikestayinginsideallthetime.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromtheunfamiliarenvironment.Thissolvestheproblemofcultureshockforashortwhile,butitdoesnothingtohelpthepersonlearntheculture.Familiarityandexperiencearethelong-termsolutionstotheproblemofcultureshock.ProxemicsThetermproxemicswasintroducedbyanthropologistEdwardT.Hallin1966.Proxemicsisthestudyofsetmeasurabledistancesbetweenpeopleastheyinteract.Bodyspacingandposture,accordingtoHall,areunintentionalreactionstosensoryfluctuationsorshifts,suchassubtlechangesinthesoundandpitchofaperson'svoice.Socialdistancebetweenpeopleisreliablycorrelatedwithphysicaldistance,asareintimateandpersonaldistance,accordingtothefollowingdelineations:Intimatedistanceforembracing,touchingorwhisperingClosephase–lessthan6 inches(15 cm)Farphase–6to18inches(15to46 cm)PersonaldistanceforinteractionsamonggoodfriendsorfamilymembersClosephase–1.5to2.5feet(46to76 cm)Farphase–2.5to4feet(76to120 cm)SocialdistanceforinteractionsamongacquaintancesClosephase–4to7feet(1.2to2.1 m)Farphase–7to12feet(2.1to3.7 m)PublicdistanceusedforpublicspeakingClosephase–12to25feet(3.7to7.6 m)Farphase–25 feet(7.6 m)ormoreHallnotesthatdifferentculturesmaintaindifferentstandardsofpersonalspace.InLatincultures,forinstance,thoserelativedistancesaresmaller,andpeopletendtobemorecomfortablestandingclosetoeachother;inNordicculturestheoppositeistrue.Realizingandrecognizingtheseculturaldifferencesimprovescross-culturalunderstanding,andhelpseliminatediscomfortpeoplemayfeeliftheinterpersonaldistanceistoolarge("stand-offish")ortoosmall(intrusive).Comfortablepersonaldistancesalsodependontheculture,socialsituation,gender,andindividualpreference.KissingindifferentculturesKissingisconsideredtobeanancienthumaninteraction,asoldashumanityitself.Somescientistshavetheorizedthatitwasoriginallyinspiredbymotherspassingfoodtotheirbabieswiththeirmouths,andsubsequentlyaffectionbecameassociatedwithtouchinglips.Insomecultures,peoplekisswithoutusingtheirlips.TheInuitpracticethe"EskimoKiss"byrubbingnoses,orputtingnosestogetherandinhalingeachother'sbreath.ThiskissisalsoperformedbynumerousPacificIslandercultures,includingtheMaoriofNewZealand,whereitisaritualgreeting.InancientIndia,Sanskritwritingsdescribeasimilarmethodofkissing,andanthropologistshavesuggestedthatIndiaisactuallythebirthplaceofkissingasweknowittoday.Indiansculpturesarethefirsthumanculturalartifacttodepictkissing,andthetheoryisthattheideaof"exchangingbreath"ledtolockinglips.InstrictMuslimcountriespublickissingdoesnotoccur,andinsomecasespeoplehavebeenarrestedforkissingoutsidethehome.InancientChina,kissingwasconsideredtobeonaparwithcoitus,andthuswasconfinedtothebedroom.ThisledEuropeanexplorerstoconcludethattheChinesedidnotkissatall.InsomeareasofItalyandotherMediterraneancountries,friendsgreeteachotherbykissingonthemouth,menandwomenboth.InFrance,protocoldemandsakissoneachcheek,whiletheDutchthrowinathirdoneforgoodluck.InVietnam,spousesdonotkissoutsidethehome,andnotinfrontofthechildren.Andparentsrarelykisschildren,exceptwhentheyaresmallbabies.InArab,menkisseachotheronthecheekingreeting.PreviewWorkingroupstodiscussthequestionsinexercis