中国古代传说故事英文翻译及讲解PPT课件

ChineseMythologySujieLi2016-9-201-MainContents1.AGeneralDiscussionofMythology2.AncientChineseMyths3.AcloseLookattwomyths2-WhatisMythology?3-Questionshumansaskedinitsnaïveinfancyabouttheworldandtheuniverse:Whyistheskysohigh?Howisitcreated?Whyistheearthunderourfeetsosolid?Howwasitcreated?Howdidwecometohaveasun,amoon,andtwinklingstarsintheuniverse?Wheredidhumanscomefrom?……4-Mythologyasystemofhereditarystoriesofancientoriginwhichwereoncebelievedtobetruebyaparticularculturalgroup,andwhichservedtoexplain(intermsoftheintentionsandactionsofdeitiesandothersupernat­uralbeings)whytheworldisasitisandthingshappenastheydo,toprovidearationaleforsocialcustomsandobservances,andtoestablishthesanctionsfortherulesbywhichpeopleconducttheirlives.5-AneasieroneMythologycanrefertothecollectedmythsofagroupofpeopleandtheircollectionofstoriestheytelltoexplainnature,history,andcustoms-ortothestudyofsuchmyths.Asacollectionofexplanatorystories,mythologyisavitalfeatureofeveryculture.6-TermsdifferentiationLegend:Iftheprotagonistisahumanbeingratherthanasupernaturalbeing,thetraditionalstoryisusuallynotcalledamythbutalegend.Folktale:Iftheheredi­tarystoryconcernssupernaturalbeingswhoarenotgods,andthestoryisnotpartofasystematicmythology,itisusuallyclassifiedasafolktale.Amythisonestoryinamythology.7-MythologyoftheworldGreekmythologyRomanmythologyMythologyoftheNorseman……Eachculturemaycreateitsownmythologyinitseffortstounderstandtheworldandinitsdesiretocopewiththeinexorabilityofagivenreality,whentherewasnoscientificknowledgetoassistthem.8-Chinesemythsyouknowof…9-Generalintro.ofChineseMythsAncientChinesemythswerenotrecordedinasystematicwayinanywork,andonlyfragmentsofthemareextanttoday.Maincollectionsofancientmyths:《庄子》Zhuangzi《列子》Liezi《淮南子》WritingsofPrinceHuainan《左传》ChroniclesbyZuoQiuming《国语》ConversationsfromtheStates《山海经》BookofMountainsandSeas10-GeneralfeaturesofChineseancientmyths1.Mythicalstoriesareentwinedwithhistory.Fuxi,Shennong,Huangdi,Yuarebothhistoricalfiguresaccordingtolegendandimportantcharactersinmythicalstories.2.Theysingthepraisesoflaborandcreation.Suirenproducingfirebydrillinginwood,Fuximakingnetsfrocatchingfishandanimalsbyimitatingthewebofspiders,Shennongtastingallkindsofgrassandplants,Yutamingtheflood…11-3.Theyextolperseveranceandself-sacrifice.ThestoryofGunandYutryingtotametheflood“TheFoolishOldManRemovestheMountain”4.Theypraiserebellionagainstoppression.5.Theyeulogizetheyearningfortruelove.“TheCowherdandtheGirlWeaver”6.Theyencouragegooddeedsandwarnagainstsin.12-盘古开天辟地13-天地浑沌如鸡子，盘古生其中。万八千岁，天地开辟，阳清为天，阴浊为地。盘古在其中，一日九变，神于天，圣于地。天日高一丈，地日厚一丈，盘古日长一丈，如此万八千岁。天数极高，地数极深，盘古极长，后乃有三皇。数起于一，立于三，成于五，盛于七，处于九，故天去地九万里。——《艺文类聚》卷一引《三五历记》(三国）14-PanguSeparatestheSkyfromtheEarthTheskyandtheearthwereatfirstoneblurredentitylikeanegg.Panguwasbornintoit.Theseparationoftheskyandtheearthtookeighteenthousandyears–theyangwhichwaslightandpurerosetobecomethesky,andtheyinwhichwasheavyandmurkysanktoformtheearth.BetweenthemwasPangu,whowentthroughninechangeseveryday,hiswisdomgreaterthanthatoftheskyandhisabilitygreaterthanthatoftheearth.Everydaytheskyrosetenfeethigher,theearthbecametenfeetthicker,andPangugrewtenfeettaller.Anothereighteenthousandyearspassed,andtherewasanextremelyhighsky,anextremelythickearth,andanextremelytallPangu.ThencametheThreeemperors.15-Sothesenumberscameintoexistenceandevolvelikethis.Thenumberbeginswithone,becomesestablishedatthree,iscompletedatfive,prospersatseven,andendsinnine.Sotheskyisninetythousandlifromtheearth.16-精卫填海Jingweideterminestofillupthesea17-精卫填海发鸠之山，其上多柘（音这）木，有鸟焉，其状如乌，文首，白喙，赤足，名曰：“精卫”，其鸣自詨（音叫）。是炎帝之少女，名曰女娃。女娃游于东海，溺而不返，故为精卫，常衔西山之木石，以堙于东海。——《山海经·北次三经》18-JingweiDeterminestoFilluptheSeaOnFajiuHillgrewalotofmulberrytrees.Amongthemlivedabirdwhichlookedlikeacrow,buthadacolorfulhead,awhitebillandtworeadclaws.Itscallsoundedlikeitsname:Jingwei.ThebirdwassaidtobeEmperorYandi’syoungestdaughter,Nüwa,who,whileplayingontheEastSea,hadbeendrownedandneverreturned.ShehadturnedintoJingwei,andthebirdwouldoftencarrybitsoftwigsandstonesallthewayfromthewestmountainstotheEastSea–tofillitup.19-Howistheuniversecreatedaccordingtowesternmythologyorreligion?GenesisPrometheusandPandora20-Mythology,bothwesternandChinese,mayhaveceasedtoberegardedasreligionorseriousinterpretationoftheuniverse,buttheyhavestayedinthecultureandholditsplaceinliteratureandart,andwillcontinuetoholdtoit,foritistoocloselyconnectedwiththefinestproductionsofpoetryandart,bothancientandmodern,topassintooblivion.21-TheEnd22-