21世纪大学英语读写教程B3_U09_C

nullnullUnit 9: Part C21st Century College English: Book 3nullAssignment Checkup Text B Listening Practice Oral Practice Assignment Unit 9: Part CMessage To the UnknownnullnullAssignment Checkup《读写教程 III》: Ex. VI, p. 266nullAssignment Checkupto mean: outside or beyond [the thing indicated by the root word]prefixextra-to be used to form adjectivesnullAssignment CheckupTranslate the following expressions into Chinese. 1. extracurricular activities including soccer, painting and poetry reading  诸如足球、绘画和诗歌朗诵之类的课外活动 nullAssignment CheckupTranslate the following expressions into Chinese. 2. conduct research into extrasensory perception  从事超感知觉的研究 nullAssignment CheckupTranslate the following expressions into Chinese. 3. have doubts about the existence of extraterrestrial beings  对是否存在外星人 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示怀疑 nullAssignment CheckupTranslate the following expressions into Chinese. 4. a man with extraordinary courage and confidence  一个具有非凡勇气和信心的人 nullAssignment CheckupTranslate the following expressions into Chinese. 5. have an extramarital affair with his wife’s friend  与他妻子的朋友有婚外恋 nullAssignment Checkup《读写教程 III》: Ex. VII, p. 267nullAssignment Checkupto mean: a person or thing that does sth.to be added to verbssuffix-entnullAssignment CheckupComplete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given in the box below.correspondent president resident student precedent solvent1. Today’s ________ enjoy a more rewarding campus life than those of the past. 2. All the ________ of the building are complaining about the noise from your apartment late at night. studentsresidentsnullAssignment CheckupComplete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given in the box below.correspondent president resident student precedent solvent3. Benzene (苯) is a ________ that can be used to remove stains. 4. If I excused you from writing this paper, it would set a bad _________: Everyone would feel entitled to ignore the course requirements. solventprecedentnullAssignment CheckupComplete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given in the box below.correspondent president resident student precedent solvent5. A junior from the Department of Economics was elected ________ of the Student Union. 6. The newspaper’s _____________ in Paris has just sent in a report on the latest developments in the peace talks. presidentcorrespondentnullText B: Message To the Unknown Pre-Reading Task Language Points ComprehensionText BnullText B: Pre-Reading Task《读写教程 III》: Ex. XV, p. 276nullText B: Pre-Reading TaskReading Skill Scanning for Specific Information Scanning a text before you read can make your reading more efficient in many ways. It can get you acquainted with the author’s style and aims; it can give you an idea of how the text is organized and where to look for ideas and information.nullBefore you read Text B, scan it rapidly for answers to the questions below.Text B: Pre-Reading TasknullText B: Pre-Reading Task1. Locate and circle: __________. Voyager (or Voyagers) are mentioned 5 times. A) Each mention of the word Voyager. nullText B: Pre-Reading Task1. Locate and circle: __________. The numbers in the text refer mainly to time and distance. B) The numbers in the text. Do most of them refer to costs, or to time and distance?nullText B: Pre-Reading Task1. Locate and circle: __________. The first quotation in the text is: “We may never have another opportunity” they explained, “to communicate with our distant neighbors — to let someone know, sometime, somewhere, that our blue planet was once the home of fairly intelligent people, more or less civilized.” The scientists who prepared the Voyager spacecraft are being quoted as to why they decided to include a message on each of them. C) The first quotation in the text. Who is being quoted? What are they explaining?nullText B: Pre-Reading Task2. Judging from your answers to question 1, this text would be of interest to someone who wants to know more about _____. A) economic factors affecting space projects B) communication with extraterrestrial beings C) the history of the Voyager missions2. Judging from your answers to question 1, this text would be of interest to someone who wants to know more about _____. A) economic factors affecting space projects B) communication with extraterrestrial beings C) the history of the Voyager missionsnullText B: Pre-Reading Task3. Locate and mark the section[s] of the text that describe ____. A) difficulties in making decisions about the project paras 3-4 and 7nullText B: Pre-Reading Task3. Locate and mark the section[s] of the text that describe ____. B) pictures para. 5nullText B: Pre-Reading Task3. Locate and mark the section[s] of the text that describe ____. C) sounds para. 6nullText B: Pre-Reading Task3. Locate and mark the section[s] of the text that describe ____. D) music para. 7nullText B: Pre-Reading Task4. Locate and mark the rhetorical questions in the text. paras 3 and 8nullMessage To the Unknown 1 In 1977, two spacecraft named Voyager I and II were launched toward Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. After collecting and sending back to us precious information about those giant planets, they left the Solar System in 1989. No one knows how long their wanderings will last; distances in space are so enormous that the ships may float there for a billion years without hitting any object that could destroy them. According to scientists, the Voyagers may approach the nearest star on their path in forty thousand years or so; in another four hundred thousand years, one of the Voyagers may pass near a second star. In either case the ships will be at a distance of one or two light years from the star. There won’t be any crash: a light year is the distance that light, traveling at 186,000 miles per second, can cover in 365 of our days. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull2 There are countless stars in the universe. It is believed that some of them are, like our sun, circled by a number of planets and that some planets may carry intelligent beings, perhaps more advanced than we are. It is therefore possible that, in a million years or so, some creatures, flying through space in their own ships, will find one of the Voyagers. The stars are so far apart that the chances of such a meeting are very small, but it is not totally impossible. The scientists who prepared the spacecraft for their journey decided to put a message on each of them. “We may never have another opportunity” they explained, “to communicate with our distant neighbors — to let someone know, sometime, somewhere, that our blue planet was once the home of fairly intelligent people, more or less civilized.” Text B: Difficult Pointsnull3 The first difficulty was to decide what form the message should take. How can you communicate with beings that you can’t even imagine? Since the laws of physics are believed to be the same throughout the universe, all beings must perceive light and sound in some way, even if they don’t have eyes and ears like ours. After considering the problem carefully, the scientists and their chief, Dr. Carl Sagan, concluded that the best way to deliver the message was to put it on a special record capable of reproducing images and sounds, packed with a needle and a drawing showing how the equipment should be used. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull4 A small committee of scientists, writers, artists and musicians was given the task of preparing the message itself. Despite some differences of opinion about the choice of material, the members of the committee agreed on the main points. They all said that it was essential to indicate the location of Earth in the universe, to show what it looked like, and to give an idea of the richness and variety of its cultures. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull5 The message lasts two hours. It starts with 116 pictures without sound, beginning with a drawing of the solar system and photos of Earth taken from space. Life is described first with representations of a man, a woman, a mother feeding a baby, a group of older children, and a family. To show that Earthlings live in societies, there are also pictures of people eating, working, cooking, and playing together. Then come all sorts of people: dancers, fishermen, members of different races and cultures. There are trees, beaches and islands, leaves and snow, an active volcano, even an earthquake. There are animals, from the bee to the elephant. Human achievements are represented by some of our most impressive buildings and bridges, along with ordinary houses from various parts of the world. Pictures of tools and machines have been included, medical and scientific instruments, a supermarket, a busy airport, and the launching of a spaceship. And a flock of birds flying across a gorgeous sunset. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull6 After this silent representation of our world, the record provides the Earth’s sounds. This section of the message begins with brief speeches in fifty-five languages (including languages that have not been used in thousands of years), plus a special greeting from a group of whales. The speeches are followed by the sounds of nature (waves, wind, rain, animal calls, and bird songs) and human noises such as footsteps, heartbeats, the crying of a baby, men sawing wood, trucks and automobiles, and — the most difficult to record — the sound of a kiss. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull7 Three quarters of the record consists of music. This selection was the most difficult to decide on, for each member of the committee had his or her favorite composer. But they finally agreed that the aliens should have a chance to hear from as many cultures, past and present, as possible. If the finders of a Voyager can hear at all, they will have a wide choice: Bach, Beethoven, jazz, a Navajo chant, folk songs, European music of the fifteenth century, a wedding song from Peru, melodies from Japan and India, and a very old tune from New Guinea. The aliens will also hear a Mexican band, some rock and roll, and an ancient Chinese melody, “Flowing Streams,” performed on a four-thousand-year-old instrument. Text B: Difficult Pointsnull8 The gold-covered record and its equipment, wrapped in aluminum for extra protection, are expected to survive in space for at least a billion years. What sort of beings, if any, will find them? And how will they react? Will they be curious and excited? Or will they be so used to picking up spaceships that they’ll be bored to find one more? Will their own history and experiences help them understand what Dr. Sagan’s team was trying to show? Will they be impressed by our achievements? Or will they laugh at our clumsy efforts to communicate — if they can laugh? Will they try to locate the blue planet? 9 The sad fact is: We’ll never know. Text B: Difficult PointsnullVoyager I and II The twin Voyager spacecraft, over the course of a dozen years, drew back the curtain on nearly half of the solar system. The Voyagers were designed to take advantage of a rare geometric arrangement of the outer planets that occurs only once every 176 years, which allows a spacecraft to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems.Text-related informationMore to learnnullVoyager I and II Voyager II was launched first, on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager I, which was put on a faster, shorter trajectory (轨道) to Jupiter on September 5, 1977. Both launches took place from Kennedy Space Center. Eighteen months after launch, Voyager I reached Jupiter, 650 million kilometers (400 million miles) away. The spacecraft made its closest approach on March 5, 1979, while Voyager II followed on July 9 of the same year. Images streaming back from the pair of spacecraft began to show the complicated, swirling turbulence of Jupiter’s atmosphere in exquisite detail. Text-related informationnullJupiter (木星) The fifth planet from the Sun, and the most massive planet. Its mass represents more than two-thirds of the total mass of all the planets, or 318 times the mass of the Earth. If Jupiter had been several times more massive, it would have been a star, because the pressure and temperature at its center would have been great enough to set off nuclear fusion. Because Jupiter's density (1.3 g/cm7, or 82 lb/ft7) is relatively low, it has the volume of 1,000 Earths. Jupiter is 1,000 times smaller than the Sun. Text-related informationnullSaturn (土星) The sixth planet from the sun and the second largest in the solar system, having a sidereal period of revolution about the sun of 29.5 years at a mean distance of about 1,426,000,000 kilometers (886,000,000 miles), a mean diameter of approximately 120,000 kilometers (74,000 miles), and a mass 95 times that of Earth.Text-related informationnullNeptune (海王星) The eighth planet from the sun, having a sidereal period of revolution around the sun of 164.8 years at a mean distance of 4.5 billion kilometers (2.8 billion miles), a mean radius of 24,000 kilometers (15,000 miles), and a mass 17.2 times that of Earth.Text-related informationnullstar (恒星) A star is a large ball of hot gas, thousands to millions of kilometers in diameter, emitting large amounts of radiant energy from nuclear reactions in its interior. Stars differ fundamentally from planets in that they are self-luminous, whereas planets shine by reflected sunlight. Except for the Sun, which is the nearest star, stars appear only as points of light, even in the largest telescopes, because of their distance.Text-related informationnull… our blue planet was once the home of fairly intelligent people, more or less civilized.Question: Why does the author use “was” in the sentence instead of “is”?nullText-related informationCarl Sagan (1934~1996 ) Carl Edward Sagan was known primarily for his research on the possibility of extraterrestrial life and as a popularizer of science.nulla special record capable of reproducing images and sounds, packed with a needle and a drawing showing how the equipment should be usedParaphrase: — a special record that can play back pictures and sounds recorded on it, supplied with a needle and an illustration in the package, showing how to use the equipment nullagree on (sth.) — form a similar opinion about (sth.)Examples: We couldn’t agree on a date to meet. The government had still to agree on the provisions of the Bill. nullflock n. — a group of animals that live, travel, or feed togetherCf. a swarm of bees/ants a herd of elephants/cattle a school of fish a stable of horses a pack of wolvesMore to learnnullflock n. — a group of animals that live, travel, or feed togetherNote: Collective Noun In American usage, a collective noun takes a singular verb when it refers to the collection considered as a whole, e.g. The family is moving to Chicago. The enemy is attacking the town with heavy fire. But a plural verb is used when it refers to the members of the group considered as individuals, e.g. Her family are always arguing over small matters. The enemy were showing up in groups of three or four.More to learnnullflock n. — a group of animals that live, travel, or feed togetherNote: Collective Noun In British usage, however, collective nouns are more often treated as plurals: The government have announced a new policy. The team are playing in the test matches next week.nullNavajo The Navajo is a native American tribe living on reservations in northeastern Arizona and contiguous parts of New Mexico and Utah. They are closely related to the Apache and originally emigrated from areas to the north. It is thought that they settled in the southwest during the 16th century. By the 17th century the Navajo had become a pastoral people, with an economy based largely on herding and hunting. Text-related informationnulltune n. — [music] a melody, especially a simple and easily remembered one; a song.Example: • The best tunes are played on the oldest fiddles. Sigmund Z. Engel (1869—?)nullNew Guinea An island in the southwest Pacific Ocean north of Australia. The western half is part of Indonesia, and the eastern half forms the major portion of Papua New Guinea.Text-related informationnullOr will they be so used to picking up spaceships that they’ll be bored to find one more?Translate the sentence. ?Key: 或者他们对于发现宇宙飞船已经习以为常，所以又发现一艘会使他们感到厌烦？ nullText B: Comprehension《读写教程 III》: Ex. XVII, p. 281nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension1. When are the Voyager spacecraft expected to come near any stars?  In about 40 thousand years. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension2. What was the reasoning that led the Voyager scientists to equip each spacecraft with a message?  There’s a slight chance that one of the Voyagers might someday be found by intelligent beings, perhaps more advanced than we are. Including a message on the ships was seen as perhaps the only chance for the Earth to contact such creatures. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension3. What was the reasoning behind the chosen form of the message?  Since the laws of physics are believed to be the same throughout the universe, all beings can presumably perceive light and sound in some way. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension4. What information did the committee agree was essential?  They all said that it was essential to indicate the location of Earth in the universe, to show what it looked like, and to give an idea of the richness and variety of its cultures. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension5. What languages are included among the sounds in the message?  Fifty-five different ones, including languages that have not been used in thousands of years, plus a special greeting from a group of whales. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension6. What does three quarters of the message consist of?  Music. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension7. What possible reactions does the author think extraterrestrial beings might have to the message, if they find it?  He imagines them being curious, excited, bored, impressed or amused. nullUse the information you gathered from your scanning to quickly locate the information you need to briefly answer the questions below. Text B: Comprehension8. Why does the author say we'll “never know” the answers to the list of questions?  Because the distances in space are so great that even if intelligent beings find the message, it won’t happen for at least 40 thousand years. nullConversation 2 Passage 2nullListening Practice《听说教程 III》 Part 4.3, p. 121nullQuestionsListening Practicenull6. A) She saw everything that happened. B) She saw two men standing outside the bank. C) She saw the two men go into the bank. D) D) She saw a young man wearing dirty jeans. Conversation 2Listening Practicenull7. A) She didn’t hear a man shout’Shut up!’ B) She didn’t hear a child scream. C) She didn’t hear people shouting. D) She didn’t hear the bank alarm. Conversation 2Listening Practicenull8. A) A young man in dirty jeans went into the bank. B) Two men went into the bank. C) The man well-dressed went into the bank. D) A young man nearly knocked me off my feet.