纺纱工艺学英文资料

Chapter 1– Introduction §1-1 Preface / 序论 §1-2 The tasks in yarn manufacture / 纱线制备任务 §1-3 Main spinning systems / 主要纺纱系统 §1-4 What we learn ? / 课程主要任务 §1-1 Preface 1、The objects of spinning： stable fiber =＞spinning system =＞single yarn=＞plied yarn Yarn clasification ★ Regular yarn monofiber、fiber straightness and parallelization honogeneneous fiber distribution、 honogeneneous linear density and twist distribution honogeneneous color and low impurities ★ Filament yarn： original filament、twisted filament and textured yarn(变形丝) ★ fancy yarn (花式纱线)：color and structure ★ composite yarn(复合纱)： core-spun yarn(包芯纱)、 cover spun yarn(包缠纱)、tubular yarn(空芯纱) Stable fiber / short fiber Natural fiber: cotton、 wool、 bast fiber (ramie, flex, Apocynum, hemp, jute)、 silk、bamboo； Regenerated fibers: Viscose 、 model、lyocell、tencel、 milk fiber、soybean fiber、chitin、 Cellulose acetate Synthetic fiber： PET 、 PA 、 PAN、 PLA 、Pu Inorganic fiber: carbon/graphite、 ceramic 、 metal spinning system：纺纱系统 2、Spinning technology is very important 2.1 Yarn structure and properties are important factor affecting fabric quality and style. 2.2 Spinning engineer is only method to convert stable fiber to yarn. 2.3 It is one of methods of fabric design and development. 2.4 Spinning engineer take an important role in textiles economy. 自由端纺纱:环锭纺纱=＞紧密纺纱=＞喷气纺纱 =＞赛络纺纱,赛络菲尔纺纱,缆型纺纱 Open end spinning: ring spinning=＞compact spinning=＞air-jet spinning =＞sirospun, sirofilspun, solospun 非自由端纺纱=＞转杯纺纱,摩擦纺纱,涡流纺纱,喷气涡流纺纱 Nonopen end spinning=＞rotor spinning, friction spinning, vortex spinning, air jet and vortex spinning §1-2 The tasks in yarn manufacture 1、main problems to be solved in spinning process （1）the difference between fiber material and single yarn ＝＞ main problems to be solved in spinning process （2） the difference between single yarn and plied yarn ＝＞ main problems to be solved in spinning process （1）the difference between fiber material and single yarn fiber material ：entangled together，mixed and disorder，impurity stable yarn：monofiber，straightness，parallelization；low impurity； fiber assembly in a narrow sense，very fine，uniformity； equal number of all kinds of fibers in yarn cross sections; all kinds of fibers distribute evenly in yarn cross sections; the narrow tape is twisted together. main problems to be solved in spinning process How＝＞monofiber？ fiber straights and parallelizes each other clean impurity，impurity content is lower than requirement fiber assembly is arranged in a narrow sense? the fineness of the narrow tape to the requirement ? the fineness uniformity to the requirement ？ equal number of all kinds of fibers in yarn cross sections; all kinds of fibers distribute evenly in yarn cross sections; the narrow tape is entangled together. （2） the difference between single yarn and plied yarn How＝＞Several single yarns are doubled together Several single yarns are entangled together 2. The morphology change of fiber assembly in single yarn production Method 1：fiber material＝＞fiber web＝＞tape-cutting ＝＞make it attenuated＝＞fineness required Method 2： fiber material＝＞fiber web＝＞collect it together (sliver) ＝＞make it attenuated＝＞fineness required sliver ＝＞纤维条 Method 3： fiber material＝＞fiber web＝＞collect it together (sliver) ＝＞fiber condensation＝＞fineness required 3、assignments in spinning process 3.1 assignments in single yarn production (1) monofiber＝＞opening、carding (2)Straightness and parallelization＝＞carding, combing and drafting (3) clean impurity，impurity content to requirement ＝＞cleaning (4) equal number of all kinds of fibers in yarn cross sections all kinds of fibers distribute evenly in yarn cross sections＝＞fiber blending (5) fiber assembly is arranged in a narrow sense ＝＞ fiber web＝＞Tape-cutting : 条带分割 fiber web＝＞collect it together : fiber web＝＞collect it together (sliver) ＝＞fiber condensation Opening:开松, Carding:分梳, combing:精梳, drafting:牵伸, Cleaning:除杂, fiber blending:纤维混合 (6) the fineness uniformity to the requirement ＝＞leveling: 匀整 (7) the fineness of the narrow tape to the requirement ＝＞Tape-cutting : 条带分割 sliver drafting : 纤维条牵伸 fiber condensation : 纤维凝聚 (8) the narrow tape is entangled together ＝＞twisting : 加捻 (9) package＝＞winding : 卷绕 3.2 assignments in plied yarn production （1） Several single yarns are doubled together＝＞drawing: 并和 （2） Several single yarns are entangled together＝＞twisting （3） package＝＞winding 4、The relationship between the assignments and the morphology change （1）fiber material（opening, carding, combing, cleaning, blending) =＞fiber web : monofiber, Straightness and parallelization fiber even distribution in the web; low impurity; Reasonable weight and web evenness （2）fiber web=＞sliver (leveling) =＞ high quality sliver (3)Make it attenuated=＞ fineness required Tape-cutting sliver drafting (4)Make the fine fiber strand entangled together: twisting (5)package: winding 本章小结 1、主要概念 纺纱，纺纱技术，纺纱系统, 开松，梳理，除杂，混合，匀整，牵伸，加捻 2、纺纱主要任务 开松，梳理，除杂，混合，匀整，牵伸，加捻 专业词汇 stable fiber; fiber straightness ; parallelization Natural fiber: cotton、 wool、 bast fiber(ramie, flex, Apocynum, hemp, jute)、 silk、bamboo； Regenerated fibers: Viscose 、 model、lyocell、tencel、 milk fober、soybean fiber、chitin、 Cellulose acetate Synthetic fiber： PET 、 PA 、 PAN、 PLA 、Pu Inorganic fiber: carbon/graphite、 ceramic 、 metal Yarn: single yarn; plied yarn; Filament yarn： original filament、twisted filament; textured yarn fancy yarn; composite yarn : core-spun yarn, cover spun yarn, tubular yarn yarn defect =＞fabric defect yarn fineness＝＞fabric thickness； yarn fineness evenness＝＞fabric appearance； yarn hair＝＞fabric neatness and pilling； yarn twist＝＞fabric softness, drapery and fullness; yarn structure ＝＞fabric style. Spinning; spinning system; process; Opening; Carding; combing; drafting Cleaning; fiber blending; leveling; twisting; winding 主要参考资料 纺纱学：杨锁庭：中国纺织出版社：2004年： 纺纱系统与设备：郁崇文：中国纺织出版社：2005年 纺纱 工艺 钢结构制作工艺流程车尿素生产工艺流程自动玻璃钢生产工艺2工艺纪律检查制度q345焊接工艺规程 设计与质量控制：郁崇文：中国纺织出版社：2005年 The principles and theory of spinning , Yu xiuye, Donghua University Press New textile yarns, Wang shanyuan, Donghua University Press §1-3 Main spinning systems 1、spinning system many machines=＞arrange in order=＞ spinning system If Stable fiber from the first one to the last one Fiber material =＞spun yarn (single yarn) 2、Spinning process：纺纱工序 3、spinning process and spinning system 4、cotton spinning system (1)普梳纺纱系统: carded cotton spinning system (2)精梳纺纱系统: combed cotton spinning system fiber material：cotton and cotton-type fiber:棉型化纤 （1） carded cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning （2）combed cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning Opening: 开清棉; carding: 梳棉 Preparation for combing: 精梳准备 Combing : 精梳 Drawing : 并和; Roving:粗纱; spinning : 细纱 spinning : ring spinning machine: 环锭纺纱机 Arrangement of spinning Opening=＞Carding =＞monofiber combing =＞ Straightness and parallelization fiber web =＞ fiber assembly formation Fiber sliver =＞ fiber assembly formation drawing =＞ Leveling roving－＞spinning =＞ drafting and twisting How about Cleaning , fiber blending and winding? Opening : with Cleaning , fiber blending; Carding : with Cleaning , fiber blending , leveling and winding; Combing : with Cleaning , fiber blending and winding; Drawing : with fiber blending, Straightness and parallelization; Roving: drafting, twisting and winding; Spinning : drafting, twisting and winding 。 Carded yarn：普梳纱,由普梳纺纱系统纺制的纱，纱线较粗， 条干(yarn evenness)要求不高，杂质含量要求不是很低. Combed yarn：精梳纱,由精梳纺纱系统纺制的纱，纱支较高， 条干(yarn evenness)要求高，杂质含量要求很低 . 5、wool spinning system： (1)粗纺系统:woolen spinning system (2)半精纺系统:Semi-worsted spinning system (3)精纺系统:worsted spinning system 适纺原料:wool and wool-type fiber (1) woolen spinning system : opening－＞washing－＞carbonizing －＞opening－＞carding－＞tape-cutting－＞spinning . (2) Semi-worsted spinning system opening－＞washing－＞opening－＞carding－＞carbonizing －＞ gilling －＞roving－＞spinning . (3) worsted spinning system opening－＞washing －＞opening－＞carding－＞carbonizing －＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing －＞ gilling －＞ roving－＞spinning . Opening: 开松; Washing:洗毛; Carbonizing:碳化 Carding: 梳棉; Gilling : 针梳 Preparation for combing: 精梳准备; Combing : 精梳 Tape-cutting : 条带分割 Roving:粗纱; Spinning: 细纱 spinning : ring spinning machine: 环锭纺纱机 Arrangement of spinning Opening=＞Carding =＞ monofiber combing =＞ Straightness and parallelization fiber web =＞ fiber assembly formation Fiber sliver =＞ fiber assembly formation Gilling =＞ Leveling roving－＞spinning =＞ drafting and twisting How about Cleaning , fiber blending and winding? Opening : with Cleaning , fiber blending and winding; Washing : Cleaning; Carbonizing : Cleaning; Carding : with Cleaning , fiber blending , leveling and winding; Combing : with Cleaning , fiber blending and winding; Pinning : with fiber blending, Straightness and parallelization; Roving : drafting twisting and winding; Spinning : drafting twisting and winding。 Woolen yarn：粗纺纱,由粗纺系统纺制的纱线，纱线较粗， 条干要求不高，杂质含量要求不高； Semi-worsted yarn：半精纺纱,由半精纺系统纺制的纱线， 纱支适中，条干要求适中，杂质含量要求低； Worsted yarn：精纺纱,由精纺系统纺制的纱线，纱支较高， 条干要求高，杂质含量要求很低。 7、苎麻纺纱系统：精纺系统，适纺原料：苎麻长纤维 8、亚麻纺纱系统：精纺系统，适纺原料：亚麻长纤维 9、绢纺纺纱系统：精纺系统，适纺原料：蚕丝长纤维 较短的麻与蚕丝纤维用棉纺系统制备纱线 §1-4 What we learn ? 1、掌握纺纱基本理论及实现方法 opening，carding, combing，cleaning，blending，leveling drafting, (fiber condensation) ，twisting，winding。 理论：理论思想与理论模型 实现方法：采取何种机构完成与工艺过程实现纺纱基本理论思想与理论模型。 2、熟悉纺纱工艺 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 环节及典型设备的机构组成与工艺过程 工艺流程 ＝＞在纺纱过程中，纺纱各工序按照一定次序排列所形成的工艺序列； 典型设备及机构组成＝＞每道纺纱工序采用的设备及其机构组成； 工艺过程 ＝＞在一台机器上纤维须丛从喂入到输出的路线； 3、能够根据纤维原料状态与纱线质量要求 确定纺纱工艺流程、典型设备与纺纱工艺 参数 转速和进给参数表a氧化沟运行参数高温蒸汽处理医疗废物pid参数自整定算法口腔医院集中消毒供应 。 （1）普梳纺纱系统：开清棉－＞梳理－＞并条－＞粗纱－＞细纱 （2）精梳纺纱系统：开清棉－＞梳理－＞精梳准备 －＞精梳 －＞并条－＞粗纱－＞细纱. （3）粗纺系统：开松－＞洗毛－＞炭化－＞开松 －＞梳理－＞条带分割－＞细纱 （4）半精纺系统：开松－＞洗毛－＞开松－＞梳理 －＞炭化－＞并条－＞ 粗纱－＞细纱. （5）精纺系统：开松－＞洗毛－＞开松－＞梳理－＞炭化 －＞精梳准备－＞ 精梳－＞并条－＞ 粗纱－＞细纱. 本章小结 1、熟悉各纺纱系统,包括纺纱各工序 专业词汇 spinning system; carded cotton spinning system combed cotton spinning system; woolen spinning system; Semi-worsted spinning system; worsted spinning system fiber material：cotton ; cotton-type fiber: wool ; wool-type fiber Opening; carding; Preparation for combing: Combing; Drawing; Gilling; Roving; spinning Chapter 2– drafting technology and principle §2-1 draft introduction / 牵伸概述 §2-2 draft function / 牵伸功能 §2-3 draft assembly / 牵伸装置 §2-1 draft introduction 1、The methods to make fiber strand tailored （1）tape-cutting : low fineness evenness of the tapes suitable to produce low count yarn （2）drafting: high low fineness evenness of the tapes suitable to produce low count yarn Application: wool spinning system woolen spinning system ：yarn fineness ：＞50tex opening－＞washing－＞carbonizing －＞opening－＞carding－＞tape-cutting－＞spinning . Semi-worsted spinning system ： yarn fineness ： 25～50tex opening－＞washing－＞opening－＞carding－＞arbonizing －＞ gilling －＞roving－＞spinning . worsted spinning system ： yarn fineness ： 14 ～50tex opening－＞washing －＞opening－＞carding－＞carbonizing －＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing －＞ gilling －＞ roving－＞spinning . Application: cotton spinning system （1）carded cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning yarn fineness ： 20～40tex （2） combed cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning yarn fineness ： 5～25tex Roving process Can (sliver)=＞drafting system =＞fineness required(Roving) =＞twist the Roving strand =＞winding =＞ package Spinning process Roving=＞drafting system =＞fineness required=＞twist the fine fiber strand =＞ spun yarn=＞winding =＞ package 2、How to make fiber strand attenuated (1) At least two nips to control fiber motion (2) The front fiber move fast, the back fiber move slowly (3) The fast fibers are taken quickly from the slow fibers 3、drafting system: 牵伸系统 Example：roller drafting system 前控制机构：front roller and top roller: 前罗拉+上皮辊 后控制机构：back roller and top roller: 后罗拉+上皮辊 加压装置：pressured arm: 摇架加压 罗拉支撑机构：roller stand : 罗拉座 How to make fiber strand tailored in a roller draft system At nips，rollers rotate, droved by motor， the fiber move by the friction between roller and fiber or the friction between fibers and fibers； top rollers rotate, droved by fiber strand If front roller rotate faster than back roller, then, The fast fibers are taken quickly from the slow fibers 5、draft zone : 牵伸区 draft ratio E: 牵伸倍数 = Gf/ Go = Vf/Vb 6、 draft ratio of draft system and draft ratio of a draft zone draft ratio of draft system ＝ draft ratio of the first×draft ratio of the second ＝Vf/Vb 7、machine draft ratio and actual draft ratio actual draft ratio ＝ Gf/ Go machine draft ratio ＝ Vf/Vb 8、drafting efficiency＝ actual draft ratio ／ machine draft ratio 牵伸效率 §2-2 draft functions 1、make fiber straight 1.1 The fiber morphology in fiber strand （1）straightening fiber （2）hooked fiber：leading hook，trailing hook, half bending, tangle up （3）crooked fiber （4）circle shape 1.2 Fiber straightening process When he fast fibers are taken quickly from the slow fibers fast fiber＜= friction force =＞ slow fiber 1.3 fiber straightness analysis （1）back hook is easy to be straightened, and easier with increasing draft ratio （2）leading hook is difficult to be straightened, with increasing draft ratio fiber straightness degree rise first, then decrease. 2、fiber velocity change process （1）fast moving fiber and slow moving fiber （2）gripped fiber and floating fiber （3）Fiber floating zone 2.2 fiber velocity change points （1）close to the front nip （2）a certain boundary plane along machine direction 2.3、 Why? =＞ critical factor: friction force （1）fiber length； （2）fiber fineness； （3）fiber Straightness and parallelization； （4）fiber softness； （5）fiber elasticity; （6）friction coefficient； （7）friction force field: 摩擦力界 2.4 the affect of fiber distribution in draft zone on yarn quality Application 1、Cotton spinning system ： cotton and cotton-type fiber 2、 Wool spinning system ：wool and wool-type fiber 3、Ramie spinning system ：long ramie fiber 4、Flex spinning system ：long flex fiber 5、Spun silk spinning system ：long silk fiber Short fiber is converted into spun yarn by cotton spinning. Application （1） carded cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning （2）combed cotton spinning system opening－＞carding－＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing－＞drawing－＞roving－＞spinning （3）Semi-worsted spinning system opening－＞washing－＞opening－＞carding－＞carbonizing －＞ gilling －＞roving－＞spinning . （4）worsted spinning system opening－＞washing －＞opening－＞carding－＞carbonizing －＞ preparation for combing－＞ combing －＞ gilling －＞ roving－＞spinning . The fiber morphology in a carded web or sliver （1）hooked fiber : 80％ tail hooked fiber : 50% leading hooked fiber : 15% other hooked fiber : 15% （2）straightening fiber : 20% Combing process Function: make fiber straighten, reduce some short fiber 3、draft and yarn unevenness 3.1 yarn irregularity Long-term irregularity：（100～1000）×fiber length Medium-term irregularity ： （10～100）× fiber length Short-term irregularity ： （1～10）× fiber length Slub and nip： ±50％ Nep : 棉结 3.2 Fiber strand unevenness index weight deviation，weight unevenness yarn unevenness：条干不匀率 3.3 additional unevenness added to fiber strand in draft process (1) random irregularity : 随机不匀 random irregularity results from fiber random distribution in a fiber web or sliver formation process. random irregularity=＞Formation method (2) draft wave: 牵伸波 Draft wave results from irregular movement of floating fiber (3) machine irregularity：机械波 Machine irregularity results from bad machine condition. 3.4 calculation of fiber strand unevenness after draft 输出不匀=喂入不匀×draft ratio +draft wave + machine irregularity 本次课小结 1、理解牵伸系列概念 牵伸，牵伸系统，牵伸机构，牵伸倍数，机械牵伸倍数， 实际牵伸倍数，牵伸效率，快速纤维与慢速纤维，被控 纤维与浮游纤维, 重量偏差，重量不匀率，条干不匀率， 长片段不匀， 中片段不匀， 短片段不匀， 粗节与细节， 随机不匀，牵伸波，机械波等。 2、了解牵伸过程。 3、为什么牵伸区必须存在纤维浮游区。 4、纤维变速点分布 5、掌握牵伸打开弯钩特点及在纺纱中的应用。 6、掌握牵伸产生纱条不匀及在纺纱中的应用。 专业词汇 Drafting system ；draft ratio； drafting efficiency Long-term irregularity Medium-term irregularity Short-term irregularity Slub；nip；nep Random irregularity ； draft wave； machine irregularity : Weight deviation，weight unevenness， yarn unevenness： 思考题 1、以牵伸过程中的纤维变速点分布理论为基础， 分析白棉比彩棉纺纱支数的高低。 （设纤维条为理想状态） 2、以梳理工序下机纤维条内纤维堆积状态与牵伸过程中的纤维变速点分布理论为基础，分析棉纺普梳纺纱系统在梳理工序与粗纱工序之间设置并条工序的原因 3、如何降低牵伸过程中产生的纱条不匀？ Chapter 2– drafting technology and principle §2-1 draft introduction / 牵伸概述 §2-2 draft function / 牵伸功能 §2-3 draft assembly / 牵伸装置 §2-3 draft assembly / 牵伸装置 1、friction force field:摩擦力界 1.1 friction force field:摩擦力界 friction force distribution between fibers In draft zone. 1.2 Friction force between fibers , Why? （1）cohesion force between fibers in a fiber strand （2）draft device acting on fiber strand （3）Addition pressure is inserted in draft zone 1.3、The objects to study friction force field （1）Friction force between fibers=＞determine the fiber motion =＞determine fiber velocity change point =＞yarn quality (yarn evenness) （2） Friction force between fibers=＞ determined by draft system including: draft device; gauge between neighboring nips pressure is acted on draft devices 2、analysis of draft devices 2.1 如何分析与评价牵伸装置？ 牵伸装置的机构组成与工艺过程 =＞牵伸装置所形成的摩擦力界 =＞纤维变速点分布 =＞在保证牵伸后纱条粗细均匀度条件下， 牵伸装置的牵伸能力（最大牵伸倍数） =＞在保证牵伸后纱条粗细均匀度条件下， 牵伸装置打开弯钩能力。 2.2、main draft devices 2.2.1 Roller draft devices （1）straight roller draft devices friction force field：中部纤维浮游区长度太长, fiber velocity change point :不集中且不靠近前钳口. （2） curvilinear roller draft devices To change a pair of rollers to three rollers to form a nip Add a pressured bar on fiber strand before back nip Multi-roller draft assembly; Multi-top roller draft assembly pressured bar draft devices. friction force field：纤维浮游区长度缩短。 fiber velocity change point : 变速点分布范围变窄。 2.2.2 pilling draft assembly （1）Two set of rollers are used to form two nips （2）The pill is used to increase the medium friction force field to present fiber from changing velocity too early friction force field：纤维浮游区长度缩短；