2015届普陀区高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#页普陀区2014学年第一学期高三英语质量调研（考试时间120分钟试卷满分150分）第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Twins.B.Classmates.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.A.Atagasstation.B.Inaworkshop.C.Atanartgallery.D.Inadepartmentstore.A.She’swrittensomebooksaboutclassics.She’slearnedalotfromthietelratureclass.Shes’metsomeoftheworld’sbestwriters.She’sjuresturnedfromatriproundtheworld.A.Tenyears.B.Twentyyears.C.Fortyyears.D.Ahundredyears.A.Thewomanfollowedtheman’sadvice.Thewomanwasgoingtohaveahaircut.Themandidn’tcareifthewomanhadherhaircut.Themandidn’twantthewomantohaveherhaircut.A.Shejustreadonlypartofthebook.Shewasinterestedinreadingnovels.Sheseldomreadbooksfromcovertocover.Shewasanxioustoknowwhatthebookwasabout.A.Youngpeoplelosetheirjobseasily.Youngpeoplearetooeagertosucceed.Youngpeopleseldomstaylongonthesamejob.Youngpeoplearetooquickinmakingdecisions.A.Worried.B.Relieved.C.Doubtful.D.Thankful.A.Quitdeliveringflowers.B.Workatarestaurant.C.Bringherflowerseveryday.D.Leavehisjobtoworkforher.A.Tonycouldnotcontinuetheexperiment.Tonyfinishedtheexperimentlastnight.Tonythoughttheexperimentwaswelldone.Tonyhadexpectedtheexperimenttobeeasier.SectionBPassagesDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassage.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Shemissedhergrandfathergreatly.Sheseldomtalkedwithhermother.Hermotherdidn’tloveherasmuchashergrandfatherdid.Hermotherwasthesubjectoftalkswithhergrandfather.A.Co-workerscannotbeyourclosefriends.Peoplewillbepleasedifyoucallthemat2:00AM.Youcan'tdiscussyourproblemswithadistantfamily.Theoneyoucancallat2:00AMissomeoneclosetoyouinspirit.A.Parentsshouldunderstandtheirkids.Therearemanywaystomakefriends.Theearthisaninhabitedgardenifyouhaveclosefriends.Thereisadifferencebetweenalonelydesertandaninhabitedgarden.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theprisongatesarealwaysopen.B.Itsprisonerscanworkoutside.C.Theprisonhasnoarmedguards.D.Theprisonisopentothepublic.A.Ithasnosecuritymeasures.Itisrunontheprincipleoftrustingprisoners.Theprisonersareprovidedwithjobsonrelease.Itsprisonersareseldommadetoworkovertime.A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Critical.D.Neutral.SectionCLongerConversationsDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#页Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.EastAsiaCarRentalCentreRecommendedvehicleIVECOPick-upTimeafterat4:30on__17__Returnby18onMondayCostRMB300forthefirst200km,__19__yuanperkilometerafterthatVAT(valueaddedtax)__20__%ofthepriceBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whodoesthewomanhavesometroublewith?Her__21__.Whatdidshedountil2o'clockafewdaysago?Shewentoutto__22__.Howdoesshegetonwithherfather?Thedaughteris23withherfather.Whatkindofpersonisherfather?Thefatherisalwayscalmand__24__withhisdaughter.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)LeftHandednessWhatdoLeonardodaVinci,MarieCurie,andAlbertEinsteinhaveincommon?Theywereallleft-handed,alongwithotherfamouspeopleincludingBarackObama.Infact,anestimated13percentoftheworld'spopulation(25)beleft-handed.Mostpeopleareright-handed.Thisfactalsoseemstohaveheldtrue(26)history.In1977,scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatvarioustimesstartingwithcavedrawingsfrom15,000B.C.andendingwithpaintingsfromthe1950s.Mostofthepeople(27)(show)intheseworksofartareright-handed.Manyresearchersclaim(28)(find)relationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics.However,(29)oftheseconnectionsareveryweak,andothershavenotbeenproven.Whatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedratherthanleft-handed?Asyet,noonereallyknowsforsure.(30)reasonsmaybebehindit,people'sattitudestowardleft-handednesshavechangedalotovertheyears.Thereareevenanumberofshops(31)(specialize)insellingproductsforleft-handedpeople,suchasleft-handedscissors,canopeners,guitars,andevenaleft-handedcamera.In1976,Left-HandersInternational,agroupofleft-handedpeopleinTopeka,Kansas,intheUnitedStates,decidedtostart(32)annualeventinordertoclearupmisunderstandingsaboutleft-handedness.(B)MotivatingStudents(33)ayoungchildmightbenervousaboutstartingschool,heorsheisoftenexcitedonthefirstdayofschool.Perhapsthatexcitementlaststhroughthefirstfewyearsofschool.Butovertime,manychildrenaremuch(34)(excited)aboutgoingtoschoolbecauseschoolbecomesaplaceofallworkandnoplay."Astheyearsgoby,students(35)(pressure)todomoreworkandtodoitbetter,makebettertestscores,andhaveahigherclassrank.Itisthereforenotsurprisingthatbymiddleschoolmanystudentsloseinterestinschoolandlearning.Teachersfaceabigchallengeinsuchasituation.Whentheyenteraclassroom(36)mostofthestudentsdonotwanttobethereanddonotwanttostudy,howcantheyteach?Someteachersmaybetemptedtofocustheirenergyonthehandfulofstudentsintheclassroomwhoshowaninterestin(37)(learn).Otherteachershavetorewardgood"studentsandpunishingbad”studentsinthehope(38)thismaysomehowmotivateallstudentstotryharder.Throughhisownteachingexperience,Dr.RichardLavoiebecameinterestedintheproblemofmotivatingstudents.He(39)(wonder)whatmotivatessomestudentstowanttolearn.Instudyingthisquestion,Dr.Lavoiediscoveredthatotherpeoplehavedonealotofresearchintothisquestionalready.However,thosepeopledonotworkinschools.Thepeoplewhoseemedtoknowthemostabout(40)motivateskidswereresearcherswhoworkforcompaniesthatwereadvertisingproductssuchastoysandmusicforchildren.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.adequatelyB.advancesC.neighbourD.colonizeE.concernsF.createG.intensivelyH.settlersI.smartJ.journeyK.surviveOncewespreadoutintospaceandestablishindependentcolonies,ourfutureshouldbesafe,“StephenHawkingsays.StephenHawking,oneoftheworld'smostimportantscientists,believesthatto__41__,humansmustmoveintospace.Today,theUnitedStates,India,China,andJapanareallplanningtosendastronautsbacktoEarth'sclosest__42__:themoon.Eachcountrywantstocreatespacestationstherebetween2020and2030.Thesestationswill__43__preparehumanstovisitandlaterliveonMarsorotherEarth-likeplanets.RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,thinkshumansshould__44__space.HewantstostartwithMars.Why?Thereareseveraladvantages:forone,sendingpeopletothemoonandMarswillallowustolearna第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#页lot—forexample,whetherlivingonotherplanetsispossible.Then,wecaneventually__45__newhumansocietiesonotherplanets.Inaddition,the__46__wemakeforspacetravelinthefieldsofscience,technology,medicine,andhealthcanalsobenefitushereonEarth.Butnoteveryonethinkssendinghumansintospaceisa(n)__47__idea.Manysayit’stooexpensivetosendpeople,evenonashort__48__.Andmostspacetripsarenotshort.Aone-waytriptoMars,forexample,wouldtakeaboutsixmonths.Peopletravellingthiskindofdistancefaceanumberofhealthproblems.Also,formanyearlyspace__49__,lifewouldbeextremelydifficult.Onthemoon’ssurface,forexample,theairandthesun’sraysareverydangerous.Peoplewouldhavetostayindoorsmostofthetime.Despitethese__50__,sendingpeopleintospaceseemscertain.Inthefuture,wemightseelunar(月球上的)citiesandmaybeevennewhumanculturesonotherplanets.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whenyousaythatsomeonehasagoodmemory,whatexactlydoyoumean?Areyousayingthatthepersonhasfastrecallorthatheorshe__51__informationquickly?Ormaybeyoujustmeanthatthepersonremembersalotaboutherorhischildhood.Thetruthisthatitis__52__tosayexactlywhatmemoryis.Evenscientistswhohavebeenstudyingmemoryfordecadessaytheyarestilltryingto__53__exactlywhatitis.Wedoknowthataparticularmemoryisnotjustonethingstoredsomewhereinthebrain.__54__,amemoryismadeupofbitsandpiecesofinformationstoredalloverthebrain.Perhapsthebestwayto__55__memoryistosaythatitisaprocess—aprocessofrecording,storing,andgettingbackinformation.Practiceandrepetitioncanhelpto__56__thepiecesthatmakeupourmemoryofthatinformation.Memorycanbe__57__affectedbyanumberofthings.__58__nutritioncanaffectaperson’sabilitytostoreinformation.Excessivealcoholusecanalsoweakenmemoryandcausepermanent__59__tothebrainoverthelongterm.Avisionorhearingproblemmayaffectaperson’sabilitytonoticecertainthings,thusmakingit__60__toregisterinformationinthebrain.Whenpeopletalkaboutmemory,theyoften__61__short-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Ifyouwanttocallastoreoranofficethatyoudon’tcalloften,youlookinthetelephonebookforthenumber.Youdialthenumber,andthenyouforgetit!Youuseyourshort-termmemorytorememberthenumber.Yourshort-termmemorylastsabout30seconds,orhalfaminute.__62__,youdon’tneedtolookinthetelephonebookforyourbestfriend’snumber,becauseyoualreadyknowit.Thisnumberisinyourlong-termmemory,which__63__informationaboutthingsyouhavelearnedandexperiencedthroughtheyears.Whydoyouforgetthingssometimes?Themajorreasonforforgettingsomethingisthatyoudidnotlearnitwellenough__64__.Forexample,ifyoumeetsomenewpeopleandrightawayforgettheirnames,itisbecauseyoudidnot__65__thenamesatthefirstfewsecondswhenyouheardthem.51.A.collectsB.processesC.publishesD.absorbs52.A.necessaryB.importantC.difficultD.convenient53.A.figureoutB.takeoutC.putoutD.giveout54.A.AfterallB.InsteadC.BycontrastD.Besides55.A.recallB.refreshC.describeD.decrease56.A.loseB.organizeC.identifyD.strengthen57.A.positivelyB.negativelyC.activelyD.directly58.A.PoorB.AdequateC.SpecialD.Various59.A.benefitB.offenceC.effectD.damage60.A.easierB.moreimpressiveC.harderD.moreconvenientA.refertoA.FurthermoreA.leaksA.inthemiddleA.restoreB.applyforB.HoweverB.transmitsB.attheendrecordcomeacrossC.ConsequentlyC.checksC.inthebeginningC.replacebreakdownD.OtherwiseD.storesD.aheadoftimeD.respondSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）In1991,highinthemountainsofEurope,hikersmadeadiscovery:adeadmanpartlyfrozenintheice.However,thepoliceinvestigationsoonbecameascientificone.Carbondatingindicatedthatthemandiedover5,300yearsago.TodayheisknownastheIcemanandhasbeennicknamed“?tzi”forth?etztalAlpswherehewasfound.Keptinperfectconditionbytheice,heistheoldestcompletehumanbodyontheearth.Scientiststhinkhewasanimportantpersoninhissociety.Anexaminationofhisteethandskulltellsusthathewasnotayoungman.Hisarmswerenotthearmsofalaborer.Hisdagger（匕首）wasmadeofstone,buthecarriedacopperaxe.Thisimplieswealth,andhewasprobablyfromtheupperclasses.Weknowhecouldmakefire,asafire-startingkitwasdiscoveredwithhim.EventhefoodhehadeatenenabledscientiststoreasonexactlywhereinItalyhelived.ButwhydidtheIcemandieinsuchahighandicyplace?Therehavebeenmanytheories.Somesaidhewasalostshepherd.Othersthoughthewaskilledinareligiousceremony.Overtheyearssincehewasfound,tinyscientificdiscoverieshaveledtogreatchangesinourunderstandingofthestoryoftheIceman.Thenewestscientificinformationindicatesthathewascruellymurdered.“Evenfiveyearsago,thestorywasthathefledupthereandwalkedaroundinthesnowandprobablydiedofexposure,”saidKlausOeggl,ascientistattheUniversityofInnsbruckinAustria.VN（swallchanged.It'smorelikea…crimesceneInJune2001,anX-rayexaminationofthebodyshowedasmalldarkshapebeneaththeIcemanshoulder.Itwasthestoneheadofanarrow.Ithadcausedadeadlyinjurythatprobablykilledhimveryquickly.In2003,anAustralianscientistdiscoveredthebloodoffourdifferentpeopleontheclothesoftheIceman.Didabloodyfighttakeplacebeforehismurder?Injuriesonhishandandheadindicatethatthismaybetrue.Onetheory,putforwardbyarcheologist（考古学家）WalterLeitner,saysthattheIceman’smurderwastheendofafightforpoweramonghispeople.However,thisideaiscertainlydebatable.Whatdoes“?tzir”efertotheoldestperfectlypreservedhumanbodythemostfamoustouristattraction?tztalAlpsanimportantdiscoverybythepoliceofEurope第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#页thepersonlivingin?tztalAlpsforalongtimeAftertheexaminationoftheIceman,scientistsbelievethathediedatanearlyagehemadeafire-startingkithehadahighersocialstatushewasbornatavillageinItalyAccordingtoKlausOeggl,theIcemandiedfrom.A.aseriousdiseaseB.asnowdisasterC.areligiousfaithD.aterriblemurderWhatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?ThelifeofancientpeopleintheAlpsMountains.ThecruelreligiouslifeoftheEuropeansinthepast.ThediscoveryandpossiblecauseofdeathoftheIceman.TheapplicationofcarbondatingtechnologytotheIceman.(B)^CAMBRIDGECambridgeSchoolsConference2015-bookyourplacetodayInspiringteachers,inspiringlearners:Howwepreparelearnersforalifetimeoflearning.DearColleagueTheCambridgeSchoolsConferenceistakingplaceinColombo,SriLankafrom3-5Jan2015.Bookingfortheconferencecloseson24December2014,booknowtosecureyourplace.FeedbackfromschoolsthatattendedourrecentconferenceinCambridgeincludes:“OutstandingkeynotepresentationbyGuyClaxton”RolandEbiye-Koripamo,CitaInternationalSchool“ACambridgeConferenceshootsuptheexpectationleveloftherepresentativesandwhenitnotjustreachesthatlevelbutsurpassesitwithexcellence,youdefineitastheCambridgeSchoolsConference,2015!”SeemaAnis,AlWahaInternationalSchool,Jeddah“Ihavemetsomanyinterestingpeople.Havingtheopportunitytomeeteducatorsfromallovertheworldis____■■”auniqueexperience.LucianaFernandez,ESSARP,ArgentinaTheconferencebringstogetheracommunityofteachersrepresentingschoolsfrommanydifferentcountriesandcontexts,toconsiderapproachestocommonchallenges.Ourprogrammeisdesignedtosupportprofessionallearningbyofferingarangeofperspectivesontheconferencetheme.Discussanddebatetheseinourpanelsessions（小组会议）andexploretheirimplicationsingroupdiscussionsandworkshops.WelookforwardtowelcomingyoutoColombo.EventsTeamCambridgeInternationalExaminationsFollow@CIEEducationfornewsandinformationabouttheconference.Usethehashtag#csconf15tojointheconversation.Forwardtoafriend|Unsubscribe?2014CambridgeInternationalExaminationsThethemeoftheCambridgeSchoolsConference2015isabout.A.lifelonglearningB.teachingapproachesC.commonchallengesD.inspiringteachersTheletterismostprobablyforthosewho.A.arethemembersofCIEB.workineducationinstitutesC.givefeedbacktotheconferenceD.canofferarangeofperspectivesWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Theconferencecloseson24December2014.TheconferenceisheldinUniversityofCambridge.D.Theconferenceencouragesvariousviewsonlifelonglearning.Theconferenceprovidesthemosteffectiveapproachesonlifelonglearning.（C）Bigtreesareincrediblyimportantecologically.Forastart,theyprovidefoodforcountlessotherspeciesandshelterformanyanimals.Withtheirtallbranchesinthesun,theycapturevastamountsofenergy.Thisallowsthemtoproducemassivecropsoffruitandflowersthatsustainmuchoftheanimallifeintheforest.Onlyasmallnumberoftreespecieshavethegeneticabilitytogrowreallybig.ThebiggestarenativetoNorthAmerica,butbigtreesgrowallovertheglobe,fromthetropicstotheforestsofthehighlatitudes（纬度）.Toachievegiantsize,atreeneedsthreethings:therightplacetoestablishitsseedling,goodgrowingconditionsandlotsoftimewithlowadultdeathrate.Loseanyofthese,andyouwillloseyourbiggesttrees.Insomepartsoftheworld,populationsofbigtreesaredwindlingbecausetheirseedlingscannotsurvive.InsouthernIndia,forinstance,anaggressivenon-nativebush,Lantanacamara,isinvadingthe第9页第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#页floorofmanyforests.Lantanagrowssothicklythatyoungtreesoftenfailtotakeroot.Withnoyoungtreestoreplacethem,itisonlyamatteroftimebeforemostofthebigtreesdisappear.Withouttherightgrowingconditions,treescannotgetreallybigandthereissomeevidencetosuggesttreegrowthcouldslowinawarmerworld,particularlyinenvironmentsthatarealreadywarm.HavingworkedfordecadesatLaSelvaBiologicalStationinPuertoViejodeSarapiqui,CostaRica,DavidandDeborahClarkandcolleagueshaveshownthattreegrowththeredeclinesmarkedlyinwarmeryears.“Duringtheday,theirgrowthshutsdownwhenitgetstoowarm,andatnighttheyconsumemoreenergybecausetheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateincreases,eXplainsDavidClark.Withlessenergyproducedinwarmeryearsandmorebeingconsumedjusttosurvive,thereisevenlessenergyavailableforgrowth.TheClarkst’heory,ifcorrect,meanstropicalforestswouldshrinkovertime.Thelargest,oldesttreeswouldprogressivelydieoffandtendnottobereplaced.AccordingtotheClarks,thismightcauseadestabilizationoftheclimate;asoldertreesdie,forestswouldreleasesomeoftheirstoredcarbonintotheatmosphere,causingacycleoffurtherwarming,forestshrinkageandcarbonemissions.Besides,bigtreesfacethreatsfromelsewhere.Accordingtothepassage,bigtreesmakegreatcontributionstotheecosystembecause.theycancapturelargeamountsofenergytheydeterminethechangeofglobalclimatetheyprovidetheessentialsformanycreaturestheycanavoidanewcycleoffurtherwarmingAllthefollowingfactorsareamustformakingbigtreesEXCEPT.A.nodeadlydamageB.geneticcontributionC.idealenvironmentforgrowthD.high-latitudelocationThewordd“windling”p(aragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto”.“A.explodingB.growingC.changingD.decliningWhatisthebesttitleofthepassage?Bigtreesintrouble.Advantagesofbigtrees.Resultsofbigtrees’disappearing.Importanceofbigtreestohumans.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussafterthelastparagraph?Morethreatstotheexistenceofbigtress.Theeffectofhumanactivitiesonbigtrees.Benefitsofbigtreestothewholeatmosphere.Comparisonbetweencommontreesandbigones.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Differentpeoplemayfindthatdifferentlearningmethodsworkbestforthem.Whilesomewouldturntotutoringinordertogetbettergrades,otherschoosetojoinstudygroups.Infact,manyuniversitiesencouragetheirstudentstoformstudygroupsandmakegooduseofthem.“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”That’thsesimpleideabehindstudygroups.Byparticipatinginastudygroup,studentscanbenefitfromsomeoftheirbestacademicresources:otherstudents.Theygettopickeachother’bsrainsandimprovetheirownunderstandingofdifferentproblems.Moreover,studygroupscancreatetheslightlytenseatmosphereinwhichit’sgoodtostudy.Forexample,somestudentstendtoprocrastinate(拖延)whentheyarestudyingbythemselves;however,byjoiningastudygroup,theygettoobservetheirpeerswhoareworkingdiligentlyandarelikelytothushavemotivationforworkingharder.Studygroupsworkbestwhentheyaresmall,butnottoosmall—fourtofiveparticipantsisaboutright.Andit’snecessarytomakesureeveryonehasthesamegoal,toprepareforaparticulartest,todiscussclassreadingsortoreviewtheweek’slecturenotes.Besides,socializinginthegroupwouldmakestudyingmorefunaslongasittookuponlyasmallportionofgroupstudytime.Inaddition,tomaximizetheefficiency,somestudygroupsliketoassignmemberscertainroles,andthusefficiencywillbepromoted.Besidesanorganizer,whogetsgroupmemberstoagreetoacommonpurposeandaconvenienttimeandplace,thereoftenisagroupmemberplayingtheroleofasource-seeker,whosedutyistoremindgroupmemberstoidentifytheirsources.Forinstance,whenagroupmembersays“Ireadsomewherethat...,”-setehkeesrosuhrocueldaskforspecifics.Thispersonremindsthegroupthatit’simportanttoknowwhosaidwhatandwhereitwassaid.Andagatekeeper,whotriestomakesurethatallgroupmembersareparticipating,mayaskadirectquestiontohelpashypersonparticipate,orfindawaytogetadominatingmembertolisten.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)Manyuniversitiesencouragestudentstotakeadvantageofforbettergradesratherthanlearningalone.Peersarenotonlythebestacademicresourcesbutalsomotivateeachothertowhenlearningingroups