高二英语定语从句PPT精品课件

TheAttributiveClauseFiveRelativePronouns关系代词that人或物主/宾which物主/宾who人主/宾whom人宾whose人或物定注：whose+n=of+which或of+whom+the+nIknowtheboywhosemotherisateacher.=Iknowtheboyofwhomthemotherisateacher.注意whose后直接加名词。ThreeRelativeAdverbs关系副词why=forwhich原因状语when=in/on/at/during/…which时间状语where=in/on/at….which地点状语注：1.关系副词有时可以用介词＋which代替2.选择关系代词还是关系副词的关键在于要判断得出先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。如：试比较：Iwillneverforgettheyearwhichwespenttogether.Iwillneverforgettheyearinwhich\whenweworktogether.1)Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfinditwhereThisisthefactorywhichIvisitedyesterday.Thisisthefactorytowhich\whereIpaidavisit.2)Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.试比较：Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tcometothemeeting.whyThisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonwhich\thathegavetome试比较：若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前构成介词+引导词的形式Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisMr.Li.注意这时引导词指人只能用whom，指物只能用which特殊情况考点一：介词的提前如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前eg:1)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingfor.2)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingafter.3)HeisthemanwhoIamlookingat.考点一：介词的提前Canyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutaboutonfor关系代词前介词的确定1.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.1)Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.2)Hehasthreesons,allofwhomareteacher2.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.关系代词前介词的确定考点二：that和which的区别限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Tomistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool***当关系词后面有插入语时，用which引导定语从句。如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.***先行词本身是that时，一般用which引导定语从句。如：Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thate.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.b.引导非限制性定语从句时；a.引导词前有介词时；c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；只用which，不用that的情况：考点三：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导定语从句，但下列情况多用as。当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.1)Suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting.2)Ihavethesameplanasyou.注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，也可以用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.（相似）ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.（同一样东西关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.TomhasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，也可以用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.（相似）ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.（同一样东西考点四：注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和inwhich来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替forwhich来引导定语从。如：1)Thisisthefirsttime(that)weshallseeanEnglishfilm.2)Theway(that)wediditverysimple.（1）TherearetwoboysinPeter's，bothof_______arewhite．（2）TherearetwoboysinPeter‘s，andbothof______arewhite．易混淆句型训练（1）Johnisoneofthestudentswho_____English．（2）Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____English．knowknowswhich/thatthem1.Isthisthemuseum_______youvisitedlastyear.2.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedlastyear.whomtheone(that)1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse______thefamouswriterwasborn.A.inthatB.whereC.whenD.onwhich2.Doyoustillremembertheday________wefirstmet?A.thatB.onthatC.whereD.when3.Ishallneverforgetthosedays_____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.(上海94’)A.that.B.when.C.which.D.when.5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftiesyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.(NMET96’)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage(NMET01’).A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,      ,ofcourse,madethe othersunhappy.    A.which        B.who           C.this               D.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown        hegrewupasachild.  A.which          B.when        C.that              D.where3.Thegentleman        youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief. A.who    B.aboutwhom   C.whom   D.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseat        isfree. A.which          B.where          C.inwhich       D.that5.Theoldmanhastwosons,        isasoldier. A.oneofwhomB.bothofthem     C.allofwhom         D.noneofthemADBDA6.Thisistheship        wecrossedthePacific. A.bywhich     B.bythat      C.where      D.inwhich7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼)，       hasmorethan100stores. A.thehigherofthem          B.thehighestofwhich C.thehighestofthem         D.someofwhich8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame        itusedtobe. A.which         B.as            C.where              D.when9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,        manypeoplehavegonehome. A.whosetime   B.that     C.atwhich       D.bywhichtimeDBBD10.Theboy        compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup. A.who             B.whose        C.that              D.which11.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,        wasmorethanwecouldexpect.  A.what            B.which          C.that              D.it12.Mr.Wangisaboss,        factoryLiPingworked. A.inwhose     B.whose     C.inwhom      D.ofwhich13.Idon'tliketheway        youspeaktoher. A./        B.that      C.inwhich       D.AllA,B,andC14.Ishallneverforgettheyears        Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,        hasagoodeffectonmylife. A.that,which   B.when,which     C.which,that       D.when,whoBBADB15.        isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’stime. A.What           B.That           C.As                  D.It16.Isthisbook        youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary? A.that              B.which         C.theone        D./17.Suchabook        youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand. A.that              B.which         C.as                 D.like18.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks        werepopularthen. A./               B.that          C.which          D.who19.Thisisthestore        wevisitedthefamousshopassistants. A.where           B.there            C.that         D.whichCCCBA20.I’mgoingtospendmyholidayinBeijing,        livemyoldparents. A.which           B.that           C.where         D.thereCGoodbye!（but=whodon’t）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.主语宾语定语that/whothat/who(m)whosethat/which关系代词的用法小结whose指人的关系代词指物的关系代词可省略主语宾语定语that/which可省略主谓一致主谓一致关系副词When______Where______Why______时间地点原因(一般情况)可以与介词+关系代词替换地球上现存的动物大约有125万种，为了更好的研究与识别它们，我们需要对他们进行分类对动物进行分类时，要先进行仔细的分类和研究。了解动物具有什么特征。根据特征不同进行分类。分类有多种方法。以鸡、蚕、鱼、蝙蝠为例，根据水生还是陆生，可以将它们分为水生动物:和陆生动物:以鸡、蚕、鱼、蝙蝠为例，根据有没有羽毛，可以将它们分为羽毛动物:和没有羽毛动物:还可以根据其他特征，将他们进行分类例如有足和无足胎生和卵生有脊柱和无脊柱根据体内有无脊椎骨我们可以将所有动物分为两大类脊椎动物无脊椎动物和脊椎动物常见的6类动物：哺乳类动物：像猫那样，身体表面长毛，胎生、小时侯吃奶。鸟类动物：像鸽子、鹰那样身体表面长羽毛、有一对翅膀、一对脚、产卵、由大鸟孵化出来的动物。鱼类动物：像金鱼那样，生活在水里、身体表面长鳞、在水中产卵、用鳍游泳的动物。爬行类动物：像乌龟、鳖、壁虎、蜥蜴那样，身体贴近地面爬行的动物。两栖类动物：像青蛙、蟾蜍那样在水中产卵，小时候生活在水中，长大以后到陆地上生活的动物。昆虫类动物：像蜻蜓、蝴蝶那样，长着三对脚、头上有一对触角、身体分为头、胸、腹三部分的动物。动物的共同特点：1、都会运动；2、都需要食物、空气和水；3、都能繁殖后代；4、都有生长的能力；5、都能够对外界变化做出反应。