Accounting what the numbers mean Odd_Solutions_Ch7_10e

Accounting what the numbers mean Odd_Solutions_Ch7_10e CHAPTER Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities 7 E7.5. a. Discount basis means interest is paid in advance. Proceeds = Face amount of note - Interest = $300,000 - ($300,000 * 9% * 6/12) = $300,000 - $13,500 = $286,500 Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Cash Notes Payable (Note: The discount account is a contra liability, + 286,500 + 300,000 so the initial carrying value of the note is equal Discount on to the cash proceeds received--which is the Notes Payable approach taken when interest is calculated - 13,500 on a straight basis.) April 15, 2013 Dr. Cash ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 286,500 Dr. Discount on Notes Payable........ .......... ........... .......... ........... 13,500 Cr. Notes Payable ........ ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 300,000 To record the proceeds of a short-term note payable (discount basis). b. The note was dated April 15, 2013, so 2.5 months have passed from the time the note was signed until the June 30, 2013 fiscal year-end. Interest = $300,000 * 9% * 2.5/12 = $5,625 c. Current liability = Face amount less discount balance. = $300,000 - ($13,500 - $5,625) = $300,000 - $7,875 = $292,125 ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-1 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities E7.7. Balance Sheet Income Statement a. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Payroll Taxes Payroll Tax Payable Expense + 4,800 - 4,800 3/31/13 Dr. Payroll Tax Expense ..... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 4,800 Cr. Payroll Taxes Payable ......... .......... ........... .......... ........... 4,800 To accrue payroll taxes for the year. b. Failure to make the accrual resulted in an understatement of expense and an overstatement of net income. On the 3/31/13 balance sheet, current liabilities are understated and the retained earnings account is overstated. c. 3/31/13 3/31/14 X X Paid taxes of prior year in Should have recognized April; debited expense for $5,000 expense this year. $4,800 this year. Effect on net income for year ended 3/31/13: Expense is too high by amount applicable to prior year: $4,800 Expense is too low by accrual not made this year: $5,000 Net effect is that expense this year is $200 too low, and profits this year are $200 too high. Effect on the 3/31/13 balance sheet: Current liabilities are $5,000 understated and the retained earnings account is $5,000 overstated. E7.9. a. Warranty Expense = ($7,200,000 sales * 0.4% estimated warranty expense) = $28,800 b. Estimated Warranty Liability, 1/1/13 balance ........... .......... ……... $70,400 Less: Actual warranty costs during 2013 ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... (31,200) Add: Warranty Expense accrued during 2013 ........... .......... ........... ……... 28,800 Estimated Warranty Liability, 12/31/13 balance ........ .......... ........... .......... $68,000 ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-2 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems E7.11. a. Keg deposits are a current liability on the balance sheet because they are amounts that are likely to be paid within a year. Balance Sheet Income Statement b. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Cash Keg Deposits - 50 - 50 Dr. Keg Deposits ..... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 50 Cr. Cash ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ……… 50 To record the refund of keg deposits. c. The Keg Deposits liability for the 200 kegs (200 * $50 = $10,000) should be eliminated with a debit; an income statement account (such as Keg Deposits Revenue) should be credited. Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses To eliminate the liability for unreturned kegs: Keg Deposits Keg Deposits - 10,000 Revenue +10,000 Dr. Keg Deposits ..... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 10,000 Cr. Keg Deposits Revenue ....... .......... ........... .......... ........... 10,000 To eliminate the liability for unreturned kegs. d. The cost of kegs purchased would be capitalized in a noncurrent asset account, and then be depreciated over the kegs' estimated useful life. The net book value of kegs removed from service or lost (as in part c) would be removed from the asset and recorded as an expense (or a loss). Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses To record a loss for the net book value of unreturned kegs: - Kegs - Keg Expense + Accumulated (or Unreturned Depreciation Kegs Loss) Dr. Keg Expense (or Loss on Unreturned Kegs) .... .......... ........... xxx Dr. Accumulated Depreciation ........ .......... ........... .......... ........... xxx Cr. Kegs (or other appropriate asset account).. .......... ........... xxx To record a loss for the net book value of unreturned kegs. ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-3 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities E7.13. a. The market interest rate is lower than the stated interest rate, so the bonds will sell for more than their face amount. The lower the discount rate (i.e., market interest rate), the higher the present value of cash flows associated with the bond (for interest payments and principal) becomes. Buyers are willing to pay a premium for the right to receive more interest than they could get in the marketplace for a bond of similar risk and maturity. Balance Sheet Income Statement b. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Cash Bonds Payable +1,080,000 +1,000,000 Premium on Bonds Payable +80,000 Dr. Cash ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 1,080,000 Cr. Bonds Payable ......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 1,000,000 Cr. Premium on Bonds Payable . .......... ........... .......... ……… 80,000 To record the issuance of bonds payable at a premium. c. | | | 4/1/13 6 months 9/30/13 Bonds issued. End of fiscal year. Accrued interest payable ($1,000,000 * 11% * 6/12) .......... ........... .......... $55,000 Premium amortization ($80,000 / 20 years * 6/12) ... .......... ………. ......... (2,000) Interest expense for 6 months ........... .......... ........... .......... ……… .......... $53,000 Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Interest Payable Interest +55,000 Expense Premium on -53,000 Bonds Payable -2,000 Dr. Interest Expense ........... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 53,000 Dr. Premium on Bonds Payable ....... .......... ........... ……… ........... 2,000 Cr. Interest Payable ....... ........... .......... ........... ………. .......... 55,000 To record the accrual of interest and premium amortization for 6 months. ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-4 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems E7.15. The semiannual interest on the bonds = 10% stated rate * $15,000 face amount * 6/12 = $750 The remaining term of the bonds is 12 years, or 24 semiannual periods. The semiannual market interest rate is = 8% * 6/12 = 4% The present value of an interest annuity of $750 for 24 periods at 4% = $750 * 15.2470 = $11,435.25 The present value of the maturity value of $15,000 in 24 periods at 4% = $15,000 * 0.3901 = $5,851.50 The market value of the bonds = PV of interest + PV of maturity value = $11,435.25 + $5,851.50 = $17,286.75 E7.17. a. Annual interest payment = $40 million * 11% = $4,400,000 b. The bonds were issued at a premium because market interest rates were less than the stated rate when the bonds were issued. The lower the discount rate (i.e., the market interest rate), the higher the present value of cash flows for interest payments and principal (i.e., the higher the bond’s selling price). c. Interest expense will be less than the interest paid because the amortization of bond premium will decrease interest expense. E7.19. The amount of deferred income taxes has risen steadily because the excess of accelerated tax depreciation over straight-line book depreciation on recent asset additions exceeds the excess of book depreciation over tax depreciation for older assets. This occurs because as the company grows over time, asset additions increase and over time the cost of replacement assets rises due to inflation. E7.21. Transaction/ Current Current Long-Term Net Adjustment Assets Liabilities Debt Income a. +867 -867 ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-5 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities b. +170 -170 c. +1,700 -1,700 d. +50 -50 e. -1,240 -1,240 f. +1,500 -1,500 E7.21. (continued) Journal entries: a. Dr. Wages Expense .. .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 867 Cr. Wages Payable ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... 867 b. Dr. Interest Expense.. .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 170 Cr. Interest Payable ..... ........... .......... ........... .......... 170 c. Dr. Interest Expense ($240,000 * 8.5% * 1/12) ...... .......... 1,700 Cr. Interest Payable .... ........... .......... ........... .......... 1,700 d. Dr. Interest Expense ........... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 50 Cr. Discount on Bonds Payable .......... ........... .......... 50 e. Dr. Estimated Warranty Liability ..... .......... ........... .......... 1,240 Cr. Cash ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 410 Cr. Parts Inventory ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... 830 f. Dr. Sales ..... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 1,500 Cr. Unearned Revenues ........... .......... ……… .......... 1,500 E7.23. Transaction/ Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent Stockholders' Net Adjustment Assets Assets Liabilities Liabilities Equity Income ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-6 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems a. Income Taxes Deferred Tax Income Tax Payable Liabilities Expense +500 +200 -700 b. Cash Bonds Payable +4,950 +5,000 Discount on Bonds Payable -50 c. Cash Land -3,000 +3,000 d. Inventory Estimated Warranty -64 Liability -64 Transaction/ Current Noncurrent Current Noncurrent Stockholders' Net E7.23. Adjustment Assets Assets Liabilities Liabilities Equity Income e. Cash Notes Payable +19,400 +20,000 Discount on Notes Payable -600 f. Current Serial Bonds Maturities Payable of Long-term -35,000 Debt + 35,000 Journal entries: a. Dr. Income Tax Expense ..... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 700 Cr. Income Taxes Payable ........ .......... ........... .......... ........... 500 Cr. Deferred Tax Liabilities ...... .......... ........... .......... ........... 200 b. Dr. Cash ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 4,950 Dr. Discount on Bonds Payable ....... .......... ........... .......... ........... 50 Cr. Bonds Payable ....... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 5,000 ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-7 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities c. Dr. Land ...... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 3,000 Cr. Cash ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 3,000 d. Dr. Estimated Warranty Liability ..... .......... ........... .......... ……… 64 Cr. Inventory ... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 64 e. Dr. Cash ($20,000 - ($20,000 * 12% * 3/12)) ...... .......... ........... 19,400 Dr. Discount on Notes Payable ($20,000 * 12% * 3/12) .... ........... 600 Cr. Notes Payable ....... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 20,000 f. Dr. Serial Bonds Payable ..... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 35,000 Cr. Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt ...... .......... ........... 35,000 P7.25. Balance Sheet Income Statement a. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses November 1, 2013: Cash Unearned +37,800 Rent Revenue +37,800 Each month-end: Unearned Rent Rent Revenue Revenue -6,300 +6,300 November 1, 2013 1. Dr. Cash.. ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ……… 37,800 Cr. Unearned Rent Revenue .......... ........... .......... ……… 37,800 To record the receipt a six-month advance rent payment. Each month-end: 2. Dr. Unearned Rent Revenue ....... .......... ........... .......... ……... 6,300 Cr. Rent Revenue .... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... 6,300 To record a reduction in the liability account for rent earned each month. ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-8 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems b. At December 31, 2013, two months of rent has been earned, and four months remains to be earned. So 4/6 of the original receipt of $37,800, or $25,200 is unearned rent and will be shown on the December 31 balance sheet as a current liability. c. At a rate of $6,300 per month, the receipt of an 18-month rent prepayment would have been for $113,400. The unearned amount at December 31, 2013, is $100,800 ($6,300 per month for the next 16 months). Only $75,600 ($6,300 * 12 months) of this amount is a current liability, because of the one-year time frame for current liabilities. Thus, $25,200 ($6,300 * 4 months) of the unearned amount is a noncurrent liability. P7.27. a. Gross Pay - Total Deductions = Net Pay Gross Pay = (Net Pay + Total Deductions) = ($58,360 + $21,640) = $80,000 FICA Tax Withholdings = (Total Deductions - all other deductions) = ($21,640 - $13,760 - $1,120 - $640) = $6,120 FICA Tax Withholdings / Gross Pay = withholding percentage $6,120 / $80,000 = 7.65% Balance Sheet Income Statement b. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-9 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities Wages Payable Wages +58,360 Expense Withholding Liabilities (accounts as shown in the entry) -80,000 +6,120 +13,760 +1,120 +640 Dr. Wages Expense . .......... ........... .......... ........... ……… ........... 80,000 Cr. Wages Payable (or Accrued Payroll).......... .......... ........... 58,360 Cr. FICA Taxes Withheld ......... .......... ........... .......... ........... 6,120 Cr. Income Taxes Withheld ...... .......... ........... .......... ........... 13,760 Cr. Medical Insurance Contributions ... ........... .......... ........... 1,120 Cr. Union Dues .......... ........... .......... ………. ......... ........... 640 To record accrued payroll. P7.29. a. Because the exchange ratio is five shares of common stock to one bond, bondholders would be interested in converting the bonds to common stock if the market price per share of common stock was at least 20% (or more) of the market price per bond. For example, when the bonds were issued on January 1, 2005 at their $1,000 face amount, the market rate of interest and the stated rate were both 12%, and the market price per bond was $1,000. At that time, bondholders would not have been willing to convert their bonds unless the common stock was trading at price of $200 per share or more. b. Solution approach: Upon exercise of the conversion feature, the bonds have been retired and thus the Bonds Payable account must be reduced by the carrying value of $1,000 per bond retired (there was no discount or premium). Common stock has been issued for $215 per share and should be recorded in the usual way. The difference is a loss on the early retirement of bonds of $75 per bond retired (or $15 per share of common stock issued) because the company gave more in exchange for the bonds ($215 per share * 5 shares equals $1,075) than the carrying value of the bonds ($1,000 per bond). P7.29. (continued) ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-10 Solutions to Odd-Numbered Problems Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Bonds Common Stock Loss on Payable +20,000 Early -400,000 Additional Paid-In Retirement Capital of Bonds +410,000 -30,000 Dr. Bonds Payable (400 bonds * $1,000 per bond) ........... .......... 400,000 Dr. Loss on Early Retirement of Bonds ....... ........... .......... 30,000 Cr. Common Stock (400 bonds * 5 shares * $10 par) . ……… 20,000 Cr. Additional Paid-In Capital (400 * 5 * $205 per share) .... 410,000 To record the conversion of bonds to common stock at a loss. P7.31. a. The semiannual interest payments on the bonds = 14% stated rate * $3,000,000 face amount * 6/12 = $210,000 The term of the bonds is 10 years, or 20 semiannual periods. The semiannual market interest rate is = 12% * 6/12 = 6% The present value of an annuity of $210,000 for 20 periods at 6% = $210,000 * 11.4699 = $2,408,679 The present value of the maturity value of $3,000,000 in 20 periods at 6% = $3,000,000 * 0.3118 = $935,400 The proceeds (issue price) of the bonds = PV of interest + PV of maturity value = $2,408,679 + $935,400 = $3,344,079 b. The semiannual discount amortization, straight-line basis = $50,000 / 20 periods = $2,500 Balance Sheet Income Statement Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity , Net income = Revenues - Expenses Cash Discount on Interest -210,000 Bonds Payable Expense +2,500 -212,500 Dr. Interest Expense. .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 212,500 Cr. Cash ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... 210,000 Cr. Discount on Bonds Payable .......... ........... .......... 2,500 To record the semiannual cash payment and amortization of discount. P7.31. (continued) ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-11 Chapter 7 Accounting for and Presentation of Liabilities c. Discount on bonds payable is amortized with a credit, and thus increases interest expense. Under the straight-line basis, the amount of discount amortization is the same each period. Under the compound (or effective) interest method, the amount of discount amortization increases each period. Thus, interest expense under the compound method will be lower in the early years of the bond’s life and higher in the later years, as compared to interest expense under the straight-line method of amortization. Rationale of compound interest method: Interest expense under the compound interest method is calculated by multiplying the carrying value of the bond (face amount minus the unamortized discount) by the market rate of interest. This amount is then compared to the cash payment required (the face amount multiplied by the stated rate). Any difference between interest expense and the required cash payment represents the amortization of discount for the period. Because the carrying value of the bond increases over the life of the bond as discount is amortized, the amount of discount amortization also increases each period, causing interest expense to be higher each period. Thus, as compared to the straight-line basis, interest expense under the compound method will be lower in the first year. ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2014 7-12