颜色的调配

颜色的调配 Analysis of the principles and techniques of interior and exterior architectural coating color matching 2010-04-06 Ningbo City camel waterproof material Co. Ltd Huang Guoyong Architectural coatings are decorative materials used in buildings for a variety of colors and certain functions. Obviously, in addition to the decorative function, the application of color for architectural coatings is the key; so as a qualified engineer paint, he (she) not only proficient in formulation design itself, but also to understand the collocation and design technique of coatings used in different buildings on color. Because of the strong decorative properties of architectural coatings, the building must be decorated to make it feel beautiful and beautiful. They tend to choose several different colors to use on the same building. If several colors are used together and they look incongruous, they give a feeling of disgust. How to make the interior and exterior wall coating color configuration more coordinated? This is also the purpose of this article. 1. basic knowledge of color 1.1 light and color vision Color is a sense of light that stimulates the eye of the human eye. Colors cannot exist without light, and there is no light in the world. 1.2 visible light In the whole electromagnetic spectrum, only a small part of the human eye can be seen. Stimulate the human eye can cause visual radiation, known as visible light radiation, referred to as visible light. Generally, wavelength 380~780nm can be taken as the range of visible light. However, when the light is strong and the eye is very dark, the range of wavelengths that the eye can feel can be extended to at least 350~900nm. The wavelength of visible light is different, causing the color of human eyes feel different. The wavelength of monochromatic light ranges from long to short, and the corresponding color is red to purple. 1.3 color production In sunlight, different objects show different colors because the object has the selective absorption and selective reflection of the spectral component. The spectral properties of the object itself are the main reason for the object to produce different colors. 1.4 color adaptation of vision Different wavelengths of light cause different human feelings, but the same power, but different wavelengths of monochromatic light, the brightness of the human eye feels different. The sensitivity of the human eye depends on the wavelength, and the human eye has dual functions of bright vision and dark vision. When people enter the environment by the bright dark environment, feel the eyes, can not see the object, but after a period of time, people got used to, to get a clear vision, the adaptation process is called light adaptation; on the other hand, is known as dark adaptation. Light adaptation and dark adaptation are called brightness adaptation processes. In light adaptation state, the visual system of the field of view in color will produce changes in the adaptation process, the human eye to observe another object to a light intensity after the color, not immediately get considerable color impression, and after a period of time to adapt will get considerable color feeling, this process is the color to adapt to the. Therefore, in color vision, if the color of the two light sources is successively observed, the influence of the former light source on the color adaptation of vision must be taken into account. In addition, in a light source to observe the color, the surrounding environment there are other colors of light, but also consider the influence of the surrounding light. One 5 color description To describe a color reasonably, the lightness, hue, and saturation of the color must be expressed at the same time. 1.5.1 brightness Lightness is the feeling of light and shade of the human eye on objects. The higher the brightness of the object, the higher the brightness; the higher the reflection ratio of the non luminous object, the higher the brightness. 1.5.2 tone Hue, also known as hue, color, or color name, is the most important feature of color, is the color distinction between the characteristics, namely, red, yellow, green, blue, purple and so on. Different wavelengths of monochromatic light have different hues. The hue of a luminous object depends on the spectral composition of its light radiation. The hue of non luminous objects depends on the spectral composition of the light source and the spectral reflectance (or transmission) of the object itself. 1.5.3 saturation Saturation or purity, chroma, or brilliant, is the color of the strong and weak points. One color does not add any other color to a solid color, and the other color is compound color. The more white the red is, the lower the saturation is, and to a certain extent it becomes a solid color. A certain hue of color is diluted with a different amount of white or black, and the degree of saturation will drop. After diluting, it can form many different colors and can be arranged into a continuous series. At one end it has a strong color and a weak color at the other end. Many of the colors in this series are distinguished by purity or saturation. The monochromatic colors in the visible spectrum are the most saturated colors. The saturation of an object depends on the reflection (or transmission) of an object. If the object reflects a narrow band of light, its saturation is high. 2, the basic principles of color matching 2.1 color primary colors Color preparation can be selected three colors, by adding them to mix to produce any color, the three colors are three primary colors. The most common colors are red, yellow and blue. Colors are made up of three basic colors. They are interrelated. The two colors of each other are blended to form the colors, such as the red and yellow phases of each other to form orange; the yellow and blue blend together to form green; the red and blue blend with each other to form purple. If the 6 intermediate colors and adjacent colors are adjusted to each other, and then form 12 intermediate colors, so continue to blend together, forming a myriad of different colors. The color that is synthesized by primary colors is called compound color. The primary color or compound color is diluted with white, and can draw different shades of color, such as red and white, pink and light red. When different colors of black are added to the primary color or compound color, different colors of lightness, such as brown, gray, and blackish green, can be obtained. 2.2 complementary colors The color should pay attention to color, fineness and complementary relationship. In color, two primary colors form a complex color, a color corresponding to color, color with complex color in the dark, so need to pay attention to the three relations of the. If the color is red and blue, purple color, color yellow color; red and yellow, orange color, color is blue; yellow and blue color, color is green, color is red. 2.3 color hue Color should pay attention to the hue of color, because color often with different hue, such as blue color with red is blue or green is blue, red color with yellow or red Xianghong blue phase, Yellow with red, yellow or green, yellow and so on, so the color should choose the correct primary colors, otherwise, the color of the decline in brightness. 3. color configuration and matters needing attention 3.1 approximate harmonic method That is, in the configuration of color, choose more close to several paint colors, coordinate with each other to achieve harmonic effect. In the use of this adjustment, attention should be paid to the use of different color coatings with different area ratios. Plain colors are available on larger areas, and bright colors can be used on smaller areas, thus avoiding monotony. 3.2 contrast and harmony With two opposite colors, such as blue-green and orange hues. In this case, it is more important to use different areas of different colors. Should be a kind of color tones, another color foil, its main color and color difference in brightness should be a general subject, the color brighter and bright color, and foil in brightness can be darker, otherwise, two kinds of the same area, the same color contrast brightness will appear to "jump". 3.3 monochromatic harmonic method Matching different colors and brightness with one color can also achieve better blending effect. For example, the use of green, green, gray and black green together, in a small area with a strong contrast color can achieve good results, this harmony gives a quiet, simple feeling. 3.4, configuration color should also pay attention to the problem 3.4.1 color changes Colors are cold and warm, and generally red, orange and yellow make people feel warm and happy. It is called warm color. Blue, green and purple make people feel quiet and fresh, so it is called "cool color"". Because warm colors and cool colors cause different temperature sensations in people's minds, it is necessary to pay attention to the contrast and harmony between the cold and warm colors in the arrangement of colors. For example, in the cold area, cold storage, basement and Chaoyang room with warm, it can achieve the warm and clear effect; while in the hot area, hot processing workshop, cold store and Chaoyang room, by the cool, so cool, clean feeling can be achieved. In addition, black and white for the absorption of solar energy is different, at present, some foreign buildings a year painting house two times, to keep the house with black or dark colored paint warm winter, summer is the use of white or light colored paint, to keep the house cool. 3.4.2 brightness changes Use different colors at the same time, should pay attention to the use of different brightness (or shade). All kinds of objects seem to make people feel different because of their different colors. Generally speaking, objects with lighter surfaces look lighter and darker ones look heavier. Usually, with indoor color is top-down from shallow to deep, such as the ceiling of the room is the best floor light color, give a person with high cool feeling of space, on the other hand, it is easy for people to suppress, resulting in lower storey in the visual sense. Changes in surface materials of 3.4.3 The rough and smooth surface can also result in contrast, coarse materials such as brushing the wall stone type (imitation stone type) paint, wall paint brush, stucco embossed (embossed) and double layer coating etc.; Light materials such as marble, granite, glass curtain wall, steel and so on, compared with the smooth rough wall decoration can also cause the harmonic and the sense of beauty. 3.4.4 color configuration It should be according to different regions, different traditions and customs, different occasions, the configuration of the color are not the same, in the selection must be carefully considered, otherwise, once finishing finished and it is not easy to easily change the coordination, will destroy the environment, resulting in "color pollution". 4. inside and outside wall of building coating color design Paint and urban architecture are only topics in color and urban architecture. We have a closer look at our city buildings, in terms of its surface decoration, there are many varieties and materials. Because of the surface decoration material, texture and color are different, after each other collocation, each kind of material is playing its own color effect. As a professional coating engineer, in order to make our city architecture more beautiful, we have to design the paint color when we design the coating formula. Paint color design skills, in fact, is the color matching skills. In interior and exterior wall decoration, how to choose colors and how to match colors, we must first understand the characteristics of different decorative materials. Because when we study the color of paint, we must consider the color interaction between paint and other building decoration materials. Secondly, according to the appearance of the building (shape, height, size), style, function and other factors and the coordination of the surrounding environment and comprehensive consideration. 4.1 color design of exterior wall coating The color of the facade of the building should be considered in two aspects: the artistic style of the building itself and the coordination with the surrounding environment. The facades are different in color from the interior, and once painted, they become part of the people's living environment, so they should be loved and accepted by most people. Generally speaking, the outside wall color should not make people feel too stimulated, the contrast should not be too strong. Usually the following aspects should be considered: 1) a building should not have an excessive colour on the facade. Usually one color should be dominant, others in a subordinate position. If there are several colors used at the same time, you should try to use the same hue, shades of light and shade changes in color. Different hue and contrast should not be too strong, color should be avoided. 2) a large area of the facade, should avoid the use of pure, bright colors, such as white, yellow, red, green, etc.. The darker color, such as gray, light brown, Tan, khaki, white blue, reddish white, yellow, green, blue and yellow is partial, easy coordination with the surrounding environment, good visual effect. 3) in the long term, the color of the facade should be taken into account both durability and stain resistance. Light, too bright color, easy to stain, blue color is easy to fade, generally should be less used. And good durability, fawn, grey pigment. 4) the color of the facade should also be considered in terms of the environment in which the building is situated. The environment is spacious, facing the square and traffic main road buildings, the color should be appropriate depth; and narrow streets, residential buildings in the building, The color should be slightly lighter. At the same time, the choice of color should avoid the same color as the existing buildings or form too strong contrast. 5) in addition to the color, the use of appropriate patterns and texture, can improve the decorative effect of the exterior wall. Such as the use of thick elastic coating or sand wall coating, can make the decorative wall looks thick, rough, and has a good three-dimensional effect, and can make up for the external wall surface is not smooth defects. But this effect is generally not apparent at higher construction sites. 4.2 interior wall building paint color design The color of the interior walls of a building has a lot to do with the occupants' personal interests, but there are still some basic principles or references from an aesthetic point of view: 1) interior wall color is generally used from top to bottom, shallow to deep changes. Such as the upper ceiling and walls with white, dado can use darker colors, while skirting line should be made of dark, it can give a more stable feeling. If the ceiling is dark, the lower wall for light, will give people a feeling of oppression and top-heavy. 2) different tones cause differences in sense of distance. In general, bright colors such as red, orange and yellow make people feel closer and less space. While the low brightness of the cold colors, such as blue, green, purple and other colors will make people feel the distance, space is relatively large. Therefore, if the room is small, the general application of cold tone decoration. Conversely, if the room is larger, you can use warm tone decoration, to avoid the room has an open feeling. 3) red, orange, yellow and other warm tones make people feel warm and happy; green, blue, purple and other cold tones make people feel quiet and cool. Accordingly, the room that does not rise Chaoyang and bedroom should use warm tonal adornment, and the room of the Chaoyang and sitting room should adopt cold tonal. 4) light colors look bright and make people feel comfortable: dark colors appear dark and they tend to make people feel tired; overly bright red, yellow and other colors make people feel irritable. Therefore, the family room as far as possible the use of white or light color. Specifically, the commonly used tones have the following characteristics: A. red exciting. Red can cause a sensory effect, it is the most suitable as a decoration or other indoor furniture accessories, with white, yellow, gold tone, contrast with the green color effect. B. orange is warm. Orange is also belong to one of the exciting color, but compared to the red light and joy, it exudes a strong feeling of warmth, it is in harmony with white, black, brown, blue and purple and white contrast effect mutually complementary, in the corridor or hall space, orange is an excellent application of color. It gives a lively and warm feeling. C. yellow is full of happiness. Yellow is the most comfortable and pleasant warm color that reflects light sufficiently. Generally speaking, yellow should be mixed with a large amount of white to reduce its strength, so as to be suitable for interior decoration. Yellow can not be too close to the contrast color, so as to achieve better visual effects. It is with white, light colored and brown tone contrast, complementary color is purple. D. green, harmonious and peaceful. Strictly speaking, it is between the two colors of warm and cold. The green seemed harmonious and peaceful, In bright colors and pale gray background, it is a good lining of warm colors. It is used in conjunction with the golden, plain, can have a very Yami visual effect. E. blue comes easy. It is the most cool color, have sunny and cool in the sense of the highest chroma. It mixes with white, can be used as a light enough warm room color, so that the room appears gentle, elegant, cool and refreshing. F. purple symbolizes mystery. It is the most mysterious color, but it is also the most difficult to use color, it is semi warm, semi cold color. At its highest intensity, it produces a depressive and mysterious atmosphere. If the bright light purple, it will form Ningrou Shu Ya feeling caused by luxury without worldly atmosphere. 5) in addition to the above principles of color selection, we should also consider the use of the room, the color of indoor furniture and the specific circumstances of the indoor environment. From the use of rooms, schools and hospitals should be dominated by white; conference room, office, family living room can be light blue, green or grayish Lake; theaters, clubs, home bedroom can be orange, pink or pale yellow; dance hall, bar, the hotel can be even more orange red, camel warm tone; general dormitory room and makes soft light, elegant colors, so choose white, milk, egg, green color and other colors. 6) the color of the wall should be in harmony with the color of the interior furniture, and the layers are distinct. But a strong contrast should be avoided. If the furniture is dark brown or reddish brown, the surface is apple green or light blue and other bright colors, grey green, green grass can be used such as furniture or fawn; light yellow, metope can choose apple green or egg blue etc.. 7) the influence of external environment on indoor color should be paid enough attention to. If the outdoor planting a large number of trees, there is a strong green reflection, interior walls should not use green, blue or gray. 8) the color and the light cannot be separated, the room's direction is different, the indoor color also should have the difference. The south room often has plenty of sunshine, so the interior wall and ceiling should use the cold tone; on the other hand, north to the bedroom interior colors available warmer. The size and color design of the living area also have a certain relationship, dark make people have a sense of austerity, so the small room should not be used in deep and shallow tone; tone can expand the sense of space, so the small room with light color is more appropriate. However, the use of shades is not static, sometimes interspersed. Properly handled, it can improve and enhance the spatial perception of the interior from changes. 9) in addition to the use of a single tone paint interior walls, but also the use of different patterns of paint. Such as colorful paint, roller coating, dream coating, fiber coating, suede coating and so on. The pattern coating can improve the decorative effect, but also can avoid the defects of interior wall coating is easy to cause, such as uneven color, hair etc.. Interior wall pattern should be elegant, color and color pattern should be used for the same hue color depth, avoid using a large color contrast. Conclusion: the color matching of the interior and exterior wall coatings and the blending of colors are very complicated and highly technical work, It directly affects the quality of coating production, sales and construction performance; the principle of basic knowledge and only fully grasp the color color, accumulated rich experience in the actual production work in color, paint color work to do. Thirteen billion seven hundred and sixty-three million four hundred and eighty thousand eight hundred and five