ISO 8015 技术制图.公差标注基本原则

International Standard f@ 8015 0 0 4 *ii INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION~MEXXlYHAPOnHAR OPrAHHBAUHR n0 CTAH~APTM3AUHM~ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATIDN Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing principle Dessins techniques - Principe de tol&encement de base First edition - 1985-12-15 5i UDC 744.4 : 621.753.1 Ref. No. IS0 8015-1985 (E) B ? Descriptors : drawings, technical drawings, dimensional tolerances, angular tolerances, form tolerances, tolerances of position. s 5s Price based on 5 pages COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. - - ` , , ` , , , , , , , , , , ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` ` , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 8015 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical drawings. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. 0 International Organization for Standardization, 1985 0 Printed in Switzerland COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. - - ` , , ` , , , , , , , , , , ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` ` , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8015-1985 (E) Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing principle 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the principle of the re- lationship between dimensional (linear and angular) tolerances and geometrical tolerances. 2 Field of application The specified principle shall be applied on technical drawings and related technical documents to - linear dimensions and their tolerances; - angular dimensions and their tolerances; - geometrical tolerances; which define the following four aspects for each feature of the part : - size; - form; - orientation ; - location. 3 References IS0 28611, IS0 system of limits and fits tolerances, deviations and fits. ’ ) Part 1: Bases of - IS0 1101, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out - Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings. IS0 2692, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Maximum ma ferial principle. 2, 4 Principle of independency Each specified dimensional or geometrical requirement on a drawing shall be met independently, unless a particular re- lationship is specified. Therefore, where no relationship is specified, the geometrical tolerance applies regardless of feature size, and the two re- quirements are treated as being unrelated. Consequently, if a particular relationship of - size and form, or - size and orientation, or - size and location is required, it shall be specified on the drawing (see clause 6). 5 Tolerances 5.1 Dimensional tolerances 5.1.1 Linear tolerances A linear tolerance controls only the actual local sizes (two-point measurements) of a feature, but not its form deviations (for example circularity and straightness deviations of a cylindrical feature or flatness deviations of two parallel plane surfaces). (See IS0 266/l .I Form deviations shall, however, be controlled by the following : - individually indicated form tolerances; - general geometrical tolerances; - envelope requirement. NOTE - For the purposes of this International Standard, a single feature consists of a cylindrical surface or two parallel plane surfaces. There is no control of the geometrical interrelationship of individual features by the linear tolerances. For example, the perpendicularity of the sides of a cube is not controlled and, therefore, it requires a perpen- dicularity tolerance dictated by the design requirement. 1) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO/R 286-1962.) 2) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of IS0 1101/2-1974.) 1 COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. - - ` , , ` , , , , , , , , , , ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` ` , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - IS0 80151985 (E) 5.1.2 Angular tolerances An angular tolerance, specified in angular units, controls only the general orientation of lines or line elements of surfaces, but not their form deviations (see figure 11. The general orientation of the line derived from the actual sur- face is the orientation of the contacting line of ideal geometrical form (see figure 1). The maximum distance between the con- tacting line and the actual line shall be the least possible value. Form deviations shall, however, be controlled by the following : - individually indicated form tolerances; - general geometrical tolerances. 5.2 Geometrical tolerances Geometrical tolerances control the deviation of the feature from its theoretically exact - form, or - orientation, or - location regardless of the feature size. The geometrical tolerances will, therefore, apply independently of the actual local sizes of individual features (see clause 4). The geometrical deviations may be at a maximum whether or not the cross-sections of the respective features are at maximum material size. For instance, a shaft with maximum material size at any cross- section may have a lobed form deviation within the circularity tolerance, and may also be bent by the amount of the straightness tolerance [see figures 2a) and 2b)l. Figure 1 - 0,06 0 om v a) Drawing indication Maximum limit of size rom a lobed form) Maximum limit Maximum straightness of size deviation I section b) Interpretation Figure 2 2 COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. --`,,`,,,,,,,,,,````,`,,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- IS0 8015-1985 (E) 8 Mutual dependency of size and geometry Mutual dependency of size and geometry may be called for by - the envelope requirement (see 6.1) ; - the maximum material principle (see 6.2). 6.1 Envelope requirement For a single feature, either a cylindrical surface or a feature established by two parallel plane surfaces (feature of size), the envelope requirement may be applied. The requirement means that the envelope of perfect form at maximum material size of the feature shall not be violated. The envelope requirement may be indicated either - by the symbol @ placed after the linear tolerance [see figure 3a)l, or - by reference to an appropriate standard which invokes the envelope requirement. Example : Envelope requirement applied to a cylindrical feature a) Drawing indication Figure 3a) b) Functional requirements : - The surface of the cylindrical feature shall not extend beyond the envelope of perfect form at maximum material size of 0 160. - No actual local size shall be less than 0 149,96. This means that the actual part shall meet the following requirements: - each actual local diameter of the shaft shall remain within the size tolerance of 0,04 and, therefore, may vary between pr 160 and 0 149,96 [see figure 3b)l; dt , d2, d3 : actual local diameters Figure 3b) 3 COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. --`,,`,,,,,,,,,,````,`,,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- IS0 8015-1985 (EI - the entire shaft shall remain within the boundary of the envelope cylinder of perfect form and of 0 150 [see figures 3c) and 3d)l. Envelope of perfect form r at maximum material size L Actual local diameters Figure 3~1 Envelope of perfect form r at maximum material size t d d v _-_ / I Actual local diameters -I 0 149,96 Figure 3d) Hence it follows that the shaft shall be exactly cylindrical when all actual local diameters are at the maximum material size of 0 150 [see figure 3e)l. Envelope of perfect form at maximum material size LActual local diameter Figure 3e) COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. --`,,`,,,,,,,,,,````,`,,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- IS0 8015-1985 (E) 6.2 Maximum material principle If for functional and economic reasons there is a requirement for the mutual dependency of the size and orientation or location of the feature(s), then the maximum material principle 0 M may be applied (see IS0 2692). 7 Application on drawings 7.1 Completeness of drawings The drawing should specify dimensional and geometrical tolerances necessary to check the part completely for its function. 7.2 Designation Drawings to which the principle of independency applies shall be identified by being marked in or close to the drawing title block as follows : Tolerancing IS0 5015 This indication shall be supplemented by a reference to the ap- propriate standard for general geometrical tolerances or to other related documents. Some national standards (which should be referred to on the drawing) lay down that the envelope requirement for single features is the norm and is, therefore, not separately specified on the drawing. 5 COPYRIGHT 2003; International Organization for Standardization Document provided by IHS Licensee=Deere & Co/9999663100, User=, 09/28/2003 01:02:36 MDT Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584. - - ` , , ` , , , , , , , , , , ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` ` , ` , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - -