传统文化翻译

英语翻译Unit1Book3中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据农历年的岁首称为春节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，象征团结兴旺其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等各个节日都有其来源讲究和风俗习惯农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同农历节日是中华民族凝聚力和生命力的体现TraditionalChinsfstialsarusuallyfixdtothLunarcalndarJanuary1stonthlunarcalndarhasbndsignatdasthSpringFstial(gnrallyrfrrdtoasguonian)ThrarsralcustomsduringthSpringFstial,suchasprayingforagoodharst,tcThSpringFstialisthmostcrmonioustraditionalfstialinChinaandsymbolizsunityandprospritySomothrsignificantChinsfstialsincludthLantrnFstial,thPurBrightFstial,thDragonBoatFstialthDoublSnthFstial,thMidAutumnFstial,thDoublNinthFstial,thWintrSolstic,andthEightDayofthTwlfthLunarMonth,tcEachfstialhasitsownuniquoriginandcustomThsChinsfstialsthatfollowthLunarcalndarardiffrntfromth24SolarTrmsinthLunarcalndarThymbodyChina'scohsionanditalityUnit2Book3茶是中华民族的举国之饮，发端于神农，兴盛于唐宋6181279）开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋茶，是中国人日常生活的写照茶文化是茶的自然和人文双重属性的引申与概括中国的茶道精神将儒释道三教融入其中，其主要目的是借助饮茶艺术来修炼身心，体悟大道，提升人生境界ChinsTaCulturAsatraditionaldrinkforChinspopl,ChinstaisblidtohafirststartdwithChinsEmprorShnNong,andflourishdinthTangandSongDynastisMakingtawasconsidrdonofthsnbasicdailyncssitisalongwithful,ric,oil,salt,soysauc,andingar,whildrinkingtaisanaptportrayalofdailylifinChinaTaculturisthxtnsionandgnralizationofthscincandthhumanitischaractroftaInChina,thtaspiritblndsththoughtsofConfucianism,Buddhism,andTaoism,anditaimstohlppoplcultiatbothmindandbody,comprhndthtruth,andlatthralmoflifthroughthartofdrinkingtaUnit3Book3中国古代四大艺术“琴棋 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 画”的画特指国画其绘画形式是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹青为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”其 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 材有人物、山水、花鸟等技法可分为工笔和写意国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在国画在艺术创作上反映了中化民族的审美意识和情趣ThfourartformsinancintChinaarguqin,chss,pnmanship,andpaintingAndpaintingparticularlyrfrstotraditionalChinspaintingTraditionalChinspaintingisdonwithabrushdippdintoblackorcolordinkandispaintdonsilkorxuanpaprInancintChina,itwascalld“inkpainting”InordrtodistinguishitfromWstrnoilpaintings,thChinspopltrmthirworks“traditionalChinspainting”(abbriatdto“Chinspainting”)ThsubjctmattrsofChinspaintingsartypicallyfigurs,landscaps,birdsandflowrsThdrawingskillsandtchniqusmploydbythChinspaintrscanbdiiddintotwoforms:finbrushworkandfrhandbrushworkThartisticcharactristicsliin“thwritingbrushandink”ChinspaintingmphasizsusingthshaptoconythflingsofthpaintrEnthoughapaintingisafinishdproduct,itndlsslyconysamaningIntrmsofthartisticcration,traditionalChinspaintingisarflctionofthasthticconsciousnssandartisticsntimntofthChinspoplUnit4Book3中国是酒的故乡古人将酒的作用归纳为治病、养生、礼仪三类酒文化是中华饮食文化的重要组成部分，它的精神文化价值体现在社会政治生活、文学艺术乃至人生态度、审美情趣等诸多方面无酒不成宴，酒筹文化是中国合餐制的产物宴席上的酒令五花八门，猜拳、文字令、筹令等都富有丰富的文化内涵，若胸中无数，则难以自如应对ChinaisthhomofwinandspiritsThfunctionsofwinandspiritswrclassifidbythancintsintothrkinds:tratingpatints,kpingingoodhalth,andshowingpolitnssandrspcttoothrsChina'swinandspiritsculturisanimportantpartofChinsfoodcultur,anditmbodisitsalusinmanyaspcts,suchasinsocialandpoliticallif,litraturandart,lifphilosophis,asthtics,andsoonThrisanoldsayingwhichgos,ItisnotabanqutwithoutwinUndrthcustomofhaingdinnrtogthrinChina,drinkinggamswrthrforintroducdThrarmanykindsofbanqutbttinganddrinkinggams,likthmorra(afingrgussinggam),winspirtiswords,winspiritschips(adrinkinggam),allwithrichculturalconnotationsInrality,itisdifficulttowinunlssyouhaacardupyoursl中国石窟中国石窟组要反映的是佛教文化艺术敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇尚美与世俗情融为一体，把天然造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂其艺术成就为世界瞩目，已成为重要的世界文化遗产ChinsGrottosChinsgrottosmainlyrflctthartofBuddhistculturInChina，thrarfourmajorartlandscapofgrottos:thMogaoGrottosatDunhuang,thYungangGrottosatDatong,thLongmnGrottosatLuoyang,andthMaijishanGrottosatTianshuiCardandpaintdonmountains,thBuddhistgrottosminglbothsublimityandscularflingstogthr,prsntingusaiidandnaturalapparancThymbodythsystmaticcombinationofboththxcptionalartistryofgratnaturandthxtrmlyfincraftsmanshipofmankindThChinsBuddhistGrottosarrgarddasaprofoundandstunninggnralartgallry,whicharcomposdofarchitctur,painting,sculpturs,tcThartisticachimntsofChinsgrottoshaattractdthattntionofthworld,andhabcomimportantintrnationalculturalhritagUnit6Book3中国古典文学名著中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种文体，艺术 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现手法丰富各异而小说中的《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》、《红楼梦》则被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响研读四大古典文学名著，能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗之心理，是汲取古代文明精粹、处事为人策略与智慧的重要途径ChinsClassicalLitraturChinsclassicallitraturincludspotry,pros,fiction,andci(nwlyricswrittntoprxistingtuns),fu(“dscriptipoms”ofprospotry),qu(afrrformbasdonthnwpopularsongsanddramaticarias),andmanyothrstylsItsartisticxprssionsarariousintchniquFourclassicsofChinslitraturarRomancofthThrKingdoms,WatrMargin,JournytothWst,andDramofRdMansions,whichhaxtnsiandfarrachingsignificancbothonanationalandintrnationalllThroughrading“thfourfamousnols”carfully,youcanxprinctraditionalChinssocityandhumancultur,andfolklorcustomsAnditisanimportantwaytoabsorbthquintssncoftraditionalChinsculturaswllastopickupstratgisandwisdomonhowtogtalongwithothrsUnit7Book3中药主要由植物药根、茎、叶、果）、动物药内脏、皮、骨、器官）和矿物药组成因以植物药为主，故也称中草药中药的应用理论独特，认为中药有四气五味“四气”指药性的“寒热温凉”，“五味”指“辛酸甘苦咸”中国人探索中草药已有几千年的历史，如今中医药及其诊疗方法已传播到世界各地TraditionalChinsmdicinmainlyconsistsofplantmdicin(roots,strns,las,fruits),animalmdicin(iscra,skins,bons,organs),andminralmdicinChinshrbalmdicinisbasdonplantmdicinAccordingtothuniquapplicationthoryoftraditionalChinsmdicin,itisblidthatitcontains“fournatursandfiflaors”“FourNaturs”rfrstothproprtisof“coldnss,hat,mildnss,andcoolnss,”whil“fiflaors”rfrstothproprtisofbing“pungnt,sour,swt,bittr,andsalty”ItissaidthatChinspoplhabnconductingrsarchintohrbalmdicinforthousandsofyarsNowadays,traditionalChinsmdicinanditsthraputicmthodshaxtnsilybnspradtothfarcornrsofthglobUnit8Book3中国瓷器瓷器是中华民族对世界文明的伟大贡献早在八千年前的新石器时代，中国的先民就发明使用了陶器商代前1600前1046）中期创造出了原始瓷器汉代前206公元220）末期烧制出成熟的青瓷以后瓷器由中国传播到世界各地，中国也博得了“瓷之国”的称号英语中“瓷器china)”一词已成为“中国”的代名词ChinsPorclainPorclainisrgarddasonofChinasoutstandingcontributionstothworldsciilizationAsarlyasthNolithicAgabout8,000yarsago,thChinsancstorsinntdandbgantouspottryProtoporclainwasinntdinthmidShangDynastyCladonwasmolddinthlatHanDynastyFromthnon,porclainwasintroducdbyChinatothrstofthworldChinawasthrfordubbdth“porclaincountry”InEnglish,thword“china”hasbcomawordthatrprsnts“China”Unit1Book4剪纸剪纸又叫刻纸，窗花或剪画剪纸在纸的发明之前就已经流行，当时人们运用金箔，绢帛，皮革等片状材料，通过镂空雕刻的技法制成工艺品汉代前206公元220），纸张的发明促使了剪纸的发展与普及民间剪纸的题材多来源于现实生活，充满纳福迎祥的主题，表达对美好生活的向往Paprcutting(othrwisknownasjianzhi)isalsocalldkzhi,chuanghuaorjianhuaPaprcuttingwaspopularnbforpaprwasinntdWhnthrwasnopapr,poplcardongoldlaf,silk,fathrs,andsoon,withacaringtchniquknownashollowcuttingtomakhandicraftsInthHanDynasty(206BC220AD),thinntionofpaprpromotdthdlopmntandpopularityofpaprcuttingThfolkthmsofthpaprcuttingarrootdinrallif,filldwithththmsofnjoyingalifofasandcomfort,andxprssingthdsirforahappylifUnit2Book4儒家思想儒家思想也称为儒学，由春秋前770前476）末期伟大的思想家、教育家孔子所创立历代代表人物有孟子、董仲舒、朱熹、王阳明等主要经典有：四书《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》），五经《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》）等儒家学派以“仁义礼智信”为核心内容，构成了其伦理思想体系，是中国古代长达两千余年封建社会的主流意识ConfucianismConfucianthought,alsocalldConfucianism,wasstablishdbyConfucius,agratthinkrandducatorwholidinthlatSpringandAutumnPriod(770BC476BC)SomrprsntatisofConfucianismthroughoutChinshistoryincludMncius,DongZhongshu,ZhuXi,andWangYangmingThmainclassicsofConfucianismarthFourBooks(ThGratLarning,THDoctrinofthMan,ThAnalctsofConfucius,andMncius)andthFiClassics(Zhouyi,Shangshu(CollctionofAncintTxts),ThBookofSongs,ThRits,andThSpringandAutumnAnnals)ThConfucianSchoolrgards“bnolnc,rightousnss,proprity,wisdom,andfidlity”asbingatthcorofitsthicalsystmConfucianismwasthmainidologyoffudalsocityformorthan2000yarsinChinaUnit3Book4中国象棋中国象棋早在战国时期前475前221）就有记载，最初称为六博，用象牙做成，到了北宋9601127）末期定型为近代模式棋盘为九竖十横线画成的长方形平面，是中国封建社会制度和文化的缩影——有军中帐九宫）、士位士，仕），文官象，相），武将车，马，炮），士兵兵、卒）是世界四大棋类中国围棋、中国象棋、国际象棋、日本将棋）之一TharlistrcordsofChinschsscanbtracdbacktothWarringStatsPriod(475BC221BC)TharlystagChinschsswascomposdofsixpicscardoutofiory,andwasthrforcalld“SixBoxing”ItsfinalformofplaywasfixdatthndofthNorthrnSongDynasty(960AD1127AD)aftralongpriodofdlopmntThchssboardisarctangularboardthatis9linswidby10linslongComposdofmarshalorgnral,adisors(scholarorofficial),ciilofficials(lphantorministr),militaryofficrs(chariots,horss,andcannons),andsoldirs(soldirsorpawns),ChinschssisChinssocialinstitutionandculturinminiaturItisalsoonofthfourmostpopularchssgamsinthworld,thothrthrbingthChinsWiqi,thgamofchss,andshogi(orgnral’schss)Unit4Book4二十四节气中国古代的先民们，根据太阳在黄道即地球绕太阳公转的轨道）上的位置，将一年分为二十四个等分，并分别赋予具有特定含义的专有名称，如春分、清明等，这便是二十四节气二十四节气以黄河流域气候为背景，把自然季节现象与农事活动的相互联系作为内容列入历法，用以指导农业生产它是中国古代先民们发明的一种独特而伟大的历法Th24solartrmsThancintChinsdiiddthyarinto24qualsgmntsaccordingtothpositionsofthsunonthclipticNamswrginwithspcialconnotationsforthssgmnts;suchasrnalquinox(occursonMarch20or21)andpurbrightnss(occursonApril4,5,6);andhncthyarcalldth24SolarTrmsOriginatingfromthRachsofthYllowRir，th24SolarTrmsarbasicallyacalndrtogornagriculturalarrangmntswhichtakintoaccountthchangsinclimatandpracticalagriculturalndsTh24SolarTrmsarconsidrdagratanduniqucrationofthancintChinsUnit5Book4中国书法中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“书”特指书法它是用毛笔书写篆、隶、行、楷、草等各种汉字的艺术中国书法在技法上讲究笔法、墨法、章法等，其艺术的和谐之美体现在字里行间隶书的蚕头燕尾，楷书的中规中矩，草书的龙飞凤舞，行书的潇洒飘逸，可谓异彩纷呈，千姿百态中国书法体现了中华民族豪爽大气、端庄含蓄的特点ChinsCalligraphyThfourancintChinsartisticformsarcalldguqin,chss,pnmanship,andpainting;andpnmanshipparticularlyrfrstothChinscalligraphyChinscalligraphyisakindofartusingabrushtowritsalscript,officialscript,rgularscript,cursiscript,grassscript,andothrariouswritingstylsofChinscharactrsThwritingtchniqusofChinscalligraphyarhighlightdbythmannrofusingabrush,thwayinkisusd,thartofcomposition,andsoonItsharmoniousbautyofartisrflctdinbtwnthlinsChinscalligraphyxhibitsitsbautyindiffrntposs,suchasthuniqunssofthofficialscript’s“silkwormhadandswallowtail”,thrgularscript’srquirmntto“sticktothnormandruls”,thcharactristicsofgrassscript’s“flyingdragonsanddancingphonixs”,andthdistincti“naturalgrac”ofthcursiscriptIndd,ChinscalligraphyrflctsthprsonalityofChinspopl’sstraightforwardnss,dignity,andrticncUnit6Book4中国古琴中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“琴”特指古琴，亦称瑶琴，玉琴，七弦琴，是中国古老的一种弹拨乐器据《史记》记载，琴的出现不晚于尧舜时期为区分于西方乐器，现被称为“古琴”古琴依凤之身形而制并命名各部位，反映出儒家的礼乐思想及中国人所重视的和合性ChinsGuqinAsonofthfourartforms(namlyguqin,chss,pnmanship,andpainting)inancintChina,guqinisakindofpluckdstringinstrumntwhichisalsoknownasyaoqin,yuqinandqixianqinAccordingtothChinshistorybookShihCHi,qinappardnolatrthanthYaoandShunrasInordrtodistinguishitfromsimilarmusicalinstrumntsofthWst,itwascalldguqin,Thguqin’sdsignimitatsthshapofaphonixPoplalsonamddiffrntpartsofthguqinaftrthnamsofariousbodypartsofthphonixThisnamingmthodrflctsConfucius’thoughtsonmusicandthidologyofharmonythatChinspoplaluUnit7Book4十二生肖十二生肖是中国用十二种动物所组成的记年方法我国自古就有“干支纪年法”，而我国西北地区游牧的少数民族则以动物纪年，两种纪年法相互融合，形成了现在的十二生肖，即：子鼠，丑牛，寅虎，卯兔，辰龙，巳蛇，午马，未羊，申猴，酉鸡，戌狗，亥猪属相的基本意义在于使人们圆融通达，和衷共济ThChinsZodiacThChinsZodiacisthChinswayofnumbringthyarsItattributsananimaltoachyar,accordingtoa12yarcyclSincancinttims,thChinspoplbgantousthHanlyStmsandEarthlyBranchstorcordthpassingofyarsAtthsamtim,ChinsnomadicpoplwholidinnorthwstChinainstadusdanimalstonumbrthyarsThtwowaysofnumbringthyarswrsmoothlyintgratd,andthChinsZodiactookshapTh12animalsinthChinsZodiacar:rat,ox,tigr,rabbit,dragon,snak,hors,ram,monky,roostr,dog,andpigThmaningofthsymbolicanimalofthbirthyaristhatitcanmakpoplmagnanimousandbofonmindintimsofdifficultyUnit8Book4唐诗宋词唐诗代表了中华诗歌的最高成就知名诗人多若星辰，李白，杜甫，白居易都是世界闻名的伟大诗人唐诗分为古体诗，律诗，绝句，又有五言、七言之分，其题材广泛，数量庞大，风格和流派多样宋词是继唐诗之后中国古代文学史上的又一座高峰，历来与唐诗并称双雄宋词以长短句为主，依词牌填词，豪放派和婉约派词风各异，主要代表有辛弃疾，苏轼，柳永，李清照等TangPotryandSongCiTangPotryrprsntsthhighstachimntofChinspotryThrwrmanydistinguishdpotsinthTangDynasty,includingLiBai,DuFu,andBaiJuyi,whoarworldfamousThrarariousformsofTangPotry,suchasprTangpotry,rgularpoms,shortpomsRgularpomsandshortpomscanalsobdiiddintopntasyllabicandhptasyllabicaccordingtothcharactrscontaindinachlinThrisannormouscollctionofTangPotry,withawidrangofsubjcts,styls,andschoolsItsartisticcharmtouchsryondplySongCiisanothrsummitinthhistoryofclassicalChinslitraturTangPotryandSongCihaconsistntlybncalldthtwolitrarygiantsThmainformofSongCiisakindofpotrythatchiflyconsistsofsncharactrlinsintrsprsdwithshortrandlongronsThwritrspotizaccordingtoparticulartunsThrartwomajorstylsosSongCi,calldthPowrfulandFrSchool,,andthSoftandTunfulSchoolXinQiji,SuShi,LiuYong,LiQingzhao,tcarthmainrprsntatis